Sources:

Gender Roles: Women made clothing, wore deerskin, and earrings and would dye their hair red if needed to be impregnated.

Economic Traditions:
- Hunted buffalo and traveled in groups.
- Switched to farming as the buffalo population diminished

Traditional Enemies: 

Important Leaders: Mountain Chief (Ninna-stako) and Chief Heavy Runner

Interactions with the Federal Government (Treaties) / US Army (Conflicts): 

Religious Beliefs: Individualistic (not many priests), belief in a creator, and thought the Sun, Moon and Earth as deities. Believed natural objects and animal spirits had powers.

Traditional Homeland: The Southern Great Plains

Gender Roles: Males were hunters and fighters, while women did household chores

Economic Traditions: Buffalo products were the backbone of their economy, manufactured goods like water pouches, tepee covers, and sinews made of buffalo.

Traditional Enemies: Apache, US govt, Spanish, Mexicans (who influenced the Shawnee and Cherokee to fight them)

Important Leaders: Quanah Parker

Interactions with the Federal Government (Treaties) / US Army (Conflicts)
Display in chronological order (a timeline): Signed a treaty with the US in 1865, this gave the Comanche Western Oklahoma. however, the US impeded on this treaty and conflict resurfaced.
The 1867 Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek was the last treaty with the US government, established a reservation in Oklahoma for the Kiowa, Kiowa Apache and Comanche
Red River War occurred in 1874. The US Army’s goal was to drive Comanche into their reservation (because they were refusing to go and trying to plot against the US government).

Religious Beliefs |
The belief that dreams and visions gave individuals supernatural power in war, hunting, and healing. Also participated in the sun dance.



Traditional Homeland | Southwestern Oklahoma has distinctive markings by the tribe, both visible and invisible

Gender Roles | Men- Hunt, participate in religious ceremonies and warfare/ fightingWomen- gather herbs, cooking, mending clothing, caring for children, responsible for dogs and preparing for travel

Economic Traditions |
The Kiowa celebrate powwows and consider them sacred because it is integral to the Kiowa Identity. One of the most popular, was the Sun Dance, held once a year, usually in the summer. They would stare into the sun and dance facing the Tai-me image, the dancers raised themselves up and down on their toes in time with the music, flexing their knees and holding their arms out and raised upwards.



Traditional Enemies | Cheyenne, Arapaho, Navajo, and occasionally Lakota, Osage.
Kiowa warriors attained rank according to their exploits in war, including killing an enemy or touching his body during combat.

Important Leaders | Dohasan, Lone Wolf, Sleeping Wolf, Satana, Setangya


Interactions with the Federal Government (Treaties) / US Army (Conflicts)
Display in chronological order (a timeline) | 
They signed a treaty with the United States of America calling for peace and giving the tribe hunting rights in the southwest prairies. 
During the Era of Extermination, in 1850s,  Kit Carson and a group of texas rangers attacked the Kiowa. 

Sioux Religion embraced Shamanism and polytheism. They believed that all animals, plants, and humans came from Mother Earth. The Great Spirit manifested all things and had help from spirits called wakanpi, and holy men and women in the tribe were the only ones who could communicate with them. 

Sioux were usually Nomadic people. In general, Sioux moved around a lot usually following buffalo guaranteeing food for the tribe.

Sioux men were usually free to do whatever job they were good at. Sioux believed that a person should partake in a position where a person can be successful. Women, on the other hand, had the roles of hunter-gathers and caretakers of children. Women were confined to the jobs of maintaining a camp and doing the necessary jobs to sustain the functionality of a camp.

The Sioux traded with other tribes from the great plains, most commonly the Arikara tribe. They would trade buffalo hides and meat in exchange for corn.

Sioux had deep tension with pursuing whites. Many time white settlers tried waged war against the Sioux as there was a belief that gold was in their land.

First Fort Laramie Treaty was signed between Sioux and US government creating land rights and attempted to create peace between white miners traveling to California for the Gold Rush and the Sioux people.

1800

Sioux Nation resides in the northern part of the Great Plains.

1803

This was the time of the Louisiana Purchase leading to a dramatic decrease in the buffalo population, hurting the Lakota way of life.

1866-68

Red Cloud lead a winning push during the Bozeman Trail

1868

The Great Sioux Reservation is established which included most of South Dakota west of the Missouri River.