XXth Century by Alumno 22 6C

1902-1931 Alfonso XIII was the king of Spain

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Alfonso XIII was the King of Spain. He continued with the political alternation in the Parliament but the same Constitution.

1904 More rights for workers

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Workers started to have Sunday off

1906 Alfonso XIII y Victoria Eugenia got married

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Alfonso XIII y Victoria Eugenia got married. They were attacked by Mateo Moral who threw a bomb inside a bunch of flowers.

1920-1927 The war between Morocco and Spain

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

During the Alfonso XIII´s reign, Spain experienced many conflicts and disasters like the Rif War, the war between Morocco and Spain. A lot of people died because this war.

1920 Started the Rif War

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Alfonso XIII sent young and poor citizens to this war so he become even more unpopular

1921 The Annual Disaster

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

The Annual Disaster of 1921 was a battle during the Rif War, near the Moroccan town of Annual. Around 8.000 Spanish soldiers died in the war.

1923-1930 Primo de Rivera

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Primo de Rivera become dictator of Spain (took all the power) and Alfonso XIII agreed because he was very unpopular.

1927 The Rif War finished

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

The Rif War finished and Spain won.

1930 Primo de Rivera left Spain

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

In 1930, Primo de Rivera was forced to resign and left Spain. His regime become very unpopular due to economic difficulties and social discontent.

1931-1936 2nd Republic of Spain

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

The presidents were Niceto Alcalá Zamora and after him, Manuel Azaña.

1931 Elections

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The left-wing parties (Republicans) won the elections.

1931 Alfonso XIII was exiled

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When Alfonso XIII knew the results of the elections decided to abdicate and left Spain.

1931 2nd Republic was declared

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After elections, 2nd Republic was declared and the end of the monarchy.

1931 Republican Constitution

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They signed a new Constitution (very liberal). Changes:

· Land reform: pieces of land were given to the workers

· Laboure reform: workers conditions improved.

· Gender equality: women could vote thanks to Clara Campoamor.

· Many schools were built.

· Separation between State, Church who lost all its power.

1933 Elections

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Right-wing parties won. Women could vote for first time thanks to Clara Campoamor.

Silver Age

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

The "Silver Age" in Spain was a special time when art, literature, and culture prospered. Some famous people from this time include writers like Federico García Lorca and Miguel de Unamuno, and artists like Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí.

98 Generation

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

The Generation of '98 was a group of Spanish writers and intellectuals who lived around the year 1898. Some famous members include:

· Miguel de Unamuno and Pío Baroja.

27 Generation

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

The Generation of '27 · The Generation of '27 was a group of Spanish poets, artists, and intellectuals who were called this because many of them were born around 1927. Some famous members:

Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti, and Salvador Dalí.

Las Sinsombrero" female artists and intellectuals who were known as "sinsombrero" because they didn't wear hats, symbolizing their rejection of traditional roles imposed on women.

1936 Elections and military coup

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

The left-wing parties (Republicans) won the election. As a result, a group of military led by General Franco, General Mola and General Sanjurjo tried a military coup to take the control of the government but it wasn´t successful. This was the origin of Civil War.

1936-1939 Civil War

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

1936-1939 The Civil War:
Republicanos (government)
Franquistas (rebels)

1937: The city of Guernica was bombed

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

The city of Guernica (País Vasco) was bombed by German planes (Hitler) who supported Franco.

1938: Battle of Ebro

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

An important battle took place (Battle of Ebro). Franquistas won the battle, as a result, Cataluña was isolated.

1939 End of the Civil War

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Franco took control of Cataluña very easily . Some weeks later, Franco took control of Madrid (capital) and it was the end of the Civil War and the beginning of Franco´s dictatorship.

1939-1975: Franco´s dictatorship

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Francisco Franco was the ruler of Spain from 1939 until his dead in 1975. He was known as a dictator because he ruled with absolute power. Franco´s dictatorship had two phases:

1939-1960 Phase of self-government
1960-1975 Phase of development

1939-1960 Phase of self-government

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·       Spain was an isolated country: no relation with other countries.
·       All political parties were banned: republicans were exiled, taken to prison or were killed.
·       Economy was very bad. Many poor people.
·       Church recovered its power
·       No democratic rights

1960-1975 Phase of development

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

· Economy gets better: middle classes had more money

· More contact with other countries. A lot of tourists in Spain.

· No democratic rights

1975: Franco died

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End the dictatorship. Before dying he named a new king, Juan Carlos I.

1975 Coronation of the King Juan Carlos I

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He was the king until 2014 when he abdicated.

1975-1982 The Spanish Transition.

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Period from dictatorship under Francisco Franco to democracy. It marked by political reforms (a new constitution) and the establishment of democratic institutions. This period lead the integration of Spain into the world as a democratic nation.

1977 Elections

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

1^st elections after the dictatorship. Adolfo Suarez become President of Spain. He allowed all political parties.

1978: A new Constitution

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

A new Constitution was signed and there was a referendum to approve this new democratic constitution. The referendum took place on December 6, 1978. The Spanish people said yes to the new constitution.

1981 Military coup 23F

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

Coronel Tejero and some soldiers tried a military coup to take control of the Parliament and the government but they failed.

1986 Spain joined the EEC

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Spain joined the EEC along with Portugal in 1986, increasing the total number of member countries to 12. Nowadays there are 36 member countries.

1992 The Olympic Games and EXPO

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The Olympic Games took place in Barcelona and the EXPO in Sevilla.

2002 Spain adopted the Euro

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All countries of the European Union adopted the Euro except England. 1 euro was like 166,386 pesetas.

2004 - 11M

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Madrid suffered a terrorist attack. 192 people died after some bombs exploited in different trains of the city. 3 days after there were some general elections.

2010 Spain won the FIFA World Cup

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2014 Felipe VI was the king of Spain

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Juan Carlos I abdicated and his son Felipe VI become the king. His successor on the throne will be the Infanta Leonor.

2020 COVID 19

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 14:35:23 UTC

There was a pandemic called COVID 19 in all the world and several million people have died due to it.

1936-1939 Manuel Azaña

6c_22 — 2024-04-08 18:06:31 UTC

Manuel Azaña was the last president of the Second Republic from 1936 until 1939. He was part of the Republicans and introduced several democratic reforms. He fled to France with the defeat of the Republic in 1939 and died in exile only a year later at age 60.