https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd Anatomy and Physiology- Assignment 1 en-us 2021-12-03 12:05:59 UTC 2022-01-13 09:24:24 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9e0.png Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1927842536 'Homeostasis is any self-regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival'. (Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia 2020)
Homeostasis provides ideal conditions for enzyme functioning and all cell activities all across the body. It is the preservation of a constant internal environment in the face of changing internal and external conditions.(BBC Bitesize) Homeostasis is in charge of controlling body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, water levels and glucose levels.]]> 2021-12-03 17:33:25 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1927842536 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1927846948 BBC Bitesize(no date). Homeostasis, Accessed December 2021, https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zp29y4j/revision/

]]> 2021-12-03 17:35:54 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1927846948 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1927975965 Positive feedback amplifies rather than reverses a change in the body's physiological condition. When the system deviates from the typical range, it experiences greater change and goes further away from the usual range. Only when there is a clear end point to positive feedback in the body is considered normal.(Biga M. L et al) An example of a positive feedback mechanism is blood clotting. This is caused by a series of chemical interactions consisting of a number of blood clotting proteins contained in the plasma , which are stimulated in the blood. This causes fibrous protein net to develop, trapping red blood cells and causing a clot. The clotting process kicks in, causing additional platelets to subside on the wound, activating more clotting responses, and so on, until the wound is completely closed. (Wyatt 2017)]]> 2021-12-03 18:49:37 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1927975965 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1927978517 Biga M. L et al( no date). Homeostasis, Accessed December 2021, https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/1-3-homeostasis/]]> 2021-12-03 18:51:22 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1927978517 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928026783 Wyatt, L et al(2017). Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care, Hodder education, London]]> 2021-12-03 19:22:14 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928026783 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928119883 In homeostasis, a negative feedback mechanism is an important sort of dominance. When conditions deviate from the perfect or set point, it reacts and returns the situation to the perfect or set point. In negative feedback mechanisms, there is a never-ending cycle of occurrences. (BBC Bitesize) An example of a negative feedback mechanism is the control of blood sugar. The small intestine collects glucose from broken down food after a meal. The level of the glucose in the blood rises. Blood glucose levels which are increased promote the production of insulin by the beta cells in the pancreas. (Lumenlearning)]]> 2021-12-03 20:34:06 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928119883 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928122878 Lumenlearning( no date). Homeostasis and Feedback Loops, Accessed December 2021, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cuny-csi-ap-1/chapter/homeostasis-and-feedback-loops/]]> 2021-12-03 20:36:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928122878 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928150126 The brain's hypothalamus functions similarly to a thermostat in a home heating method. As heated blood travels through the hypothalamus, an increase in body temperature is noticed, which triggers a feedback process involving the autonomic nervous system to operate vasodilation and encourage sweat output.

When the hypothalamus detects a dip in body temperature, it activates the autonomic nervous system, which causes vasoconstriction, hair arousal, shivering, and sweating suppression. As a result, body temperature remains constant while blood temperature recovers to normal. (Lenhardt, Kurz, Sessler 1996)

Hyperthermia is the outcome of a sustained increase in body temperature. This is an example of positive feedback that could be dangerous. Excess heat generated by metabolism will cause metabolism to grow even more, as temperature rises the rate of chemical reactions. (Lenhardt, Kurz, Sessler 1996)

Hypothermia is a condition due to prolonged exposure to extremely cold temperatures. The metabolic rate reduces as the rate of chemical reactions slows as the temperature drops. There comes a time when there isn't enough energy produced quickly enough to keep life going. (Wyatt 2017)]]> 2021-12-03 21:02:07 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928150126 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928169486 To ensure that hypertonic and hypotonic does not occur the nervous, endocrine and renal systems work together.

We sweat to cool off when we exercise on a hot day. As a result of the water loss, our plasma becomes hypertonic to our cells. Special cells in the hypothalamus called osmoreceptors sense this increase in pressure. Nerve cells connect these structures to the pituitary gland in the brain, where nerve impulses cause the production of a hormone called ADH. ADH enters the bloodstream and travels throughout the body to the plasma.

Cells in the walls of the kidney nephrons' collecting ducts recognise ADH. It allows water to permeate the walls of these tubes. The henle loops of the kidney's nephrons are involved in a complex system that causes high salt concentrations in the tissues of the kidney medulla where they are found. While the salt finally returns to the blood, it remains in the medulla, causing a hypertonic state. (Wyatt 2017)]]> 2021-12-03 21:21:45 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928169486 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928193190 Blood pressure is usually measured in various ways: the systolic pressure, which is the larger of the two and corresponds to the pressure applied by the heart when it contracts, and the diastolic pressure, which is the underlying pressure when the heart relaxes.

Certain blood vessel walls have pressure-sensitive cells called baroreceptors that directly monitor blood pressure. High blood pressure is detected by those located in the aorta and carotid arteries that connect to the brain. These provide messages to the medulla of the brain via the autonomic nervous system, causing vasodilation as well as a reduction in heart rate and contraction force. Vena cavae baroreceptors, on the other hand, detect poor blood pressure and respond by raising the secretion of ADH, aldosterone, and renin, all of which stimulate salt uptake in the kidney, leading to an increase in blood volume and therefore pressure. (Wyatt 2017)]]> 2021-12-03 21:48:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928193190 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928193930 The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon in the islets of langerhans. Insulin’s function is to take out glucose from the blood and glucagon function is to put glucose into the blood. Insulin is produced by beta cells and glucagon is produced by alpha cells. Glucagon is released from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are too low. (BBC Bitesize)]]> 2021-12-03 21:49:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928193930 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928203827 BBC Bitesize(no date). Control of blood glucose concentration by pancreas and insulin, Accessed December 2021,https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3gxb82/revision/5 ]]> 2021-12-03 22:03:43 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928203827 Elishawilson55 https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928207236 Lenhardt, R., Kurz, A., & Sessler, D. I. (1996). Thermoregulation and hyperthermia, Accessed December 2021]]> 2021-12-03 22:08:27 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1928207236 rosiebarley https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1989962835 Excellent definition of homeostasis with reference to positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Well done, Elisha.]]> 2022-01-13 09:18:40 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1989962835 rosiebarley https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1989970683 Excellent explanations of how homeostasis maintains healthy body function - well done, Elisha!]]> 2022-01-13 09:23:18 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1989970683 rosiebarley https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1989972316 You have clearly shown evidence of wider reading and used sources to support your points. Don't forget when you are citing in your writing, to include the year. E.G., (Barley, 2022).]]> 2022-01-13 09:24:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Elishawilson55/354prqihctmamwfd/wish/1989972316