https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr Made with the will to pass this sac en-us 2019-05-07 00:53:07 UTC 2019-05-07 02:29:12 UTC hello@padlet.com pei00041 https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357431518 Hypothesis: Owning a pet decreases the chances of acquiring health issues.]]> 2019-05-07 00:56:58 UTC https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357431518 pei00041 https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357432233 There are many diseases that could impact on a person's health over their entire lifetime. But now, there are ways that revolutionise the curing of these diseases. One way is pet ownership. Owning a pet with consistent exposure has been proved to be effective and prevent major illness among individuals. Some examples of pet ownership assisting us with illness is that dog ownership has been associated with increased parasympathetic and decreased sympathetic nervous system activity, with owners achieving more physical activity and spend more time participating in more outdoor activities and improved rehabilitation after an incidental trauma. The two sources both look at how ownership and exposure to pets, decreases the risks to particular diseases and consequently improves the health of individuals and has highlighted changing opinions.]]> 2019-05-07 00:59:57 UTC https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357432233 pei00041 https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357434295 Source 1/Article 1:
Dog ownership and the risk of cardiovascular disease and death – a nationwide cohort study. By Mwenya Mubanga, Liisa Byberg, Christoph Nowak, Agneta Egenvall, Patrik K. Magnusson, Erik Ingelsson and Tove Fall on 21^stMay 2017. Retrieved from: xhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-16118-6 

Source 2/Article 2:
Cat exposure in early life decreases asthma risk from the 17q21 high-risk variant. By Jakob Stokholm, Bo.L Chawes, Nasja Vissing, Klaus Bonnelykke and Hans Bisgaard on 9^thJune 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674917314392]]> 2019-05-07 01:10:20 UTC https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357434295 pei00041 https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357436652  From the sources, there are two major related diseases being studied, which are cardiovascular disease (source 1) and asthma in early childhood (source 2.) These diseases can both progress into serious stages like death as they involve the hearts and the lungs. Researchers from article 1, aimed to investigate,'the association of dog ownership with cardiovascular disease in a 12 year follow up, nation cohort study while the researchers in article 2, aimed to investigate the effects of exposure of dogs and cats in children and their 17q21 gene, being known as the strongest genetic risk factor for childhood developed asthma and related illness. 

Even if the main question of does pet ownership improve health? There is still different procedures the two experiments from the sources underwent. On January 1st 2001, article 1 had a population of a national cohort in Sweden (total= 3,987,937). All Swedish residents that agreed to the study aged 40-80 were to participate as they were the most susceptible to the disease. Every dog owned was chipped and to be registered at the Swedish Board of Agriculture with their owner's personal information. The researchers then looked over cause of death data from the national patient register from January, 2001 to December 31st, 2012. Four particular causes of death were looked out for which were underlying causes of CVD(cardiovascular disease). This data was then taken and analysed further  by looking at more personal information from the patients such as marital status etc. 

The results of article 1's study was out of the population of the cohort only 13.1% were registered dog owners but however had the least cause of CVD related cause of deaths. The researchers also found that ownership of hunting dog breeds was associated with an overall lower risk of CVD. This indicates that those with a dog owned, had better health and no CVD than those with no dog owned. 

The 2nd source had a completely different method, yet same idea. Genotyping (genetic testing) was done on 370+ children at risk of asthma. Measurements were taken of any development of asthma from 0-12 years and bronchiolitis and pneumonia episodes from 0-3 years of age. Exposures of cats and dogs were also made from birth and allergen bedding levels from age 1.

The results of source 2's study showed that dog and cat exposure in young children was associated with overall lower and decreased states of asthma. The genotype that was responsible for the increased risk of bronchiolitis and pneumonia was found to be decreased in children when exposed to particularly cats. These results indicate that early-life exposure to dogs and especially cats improves the health of these young people.]]> 2019-05-07 01:22:39 UTC https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357436652 pei00041 https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357443894 Looking at the results derived from both sources of articles, it can seen that pet ownership improves the health of individuals. In source 1, we can see that owning a dog is advantageous and beneficial for decreasing the risks of CVD while in source 2 we can see that although asthma symptoms are reduced when dog ad cats are in the picture. It is in mainly cats that decrease the asthma the most, however both articles still reduce disease effects and ameliorate the physical and emotional health of people and supports the hypothesis.  

There are potential biases and errors in these studies. In source 2 (the asthma study), it could be a bias made from speculation that cats have more access to a child's bed area than a dog , this would mean that cats have more exposure to the child than dogs. However this was resolved by the researchers as substitutional allergens from the animals were found that were better for comparison. In source 1, it was noted that there were issues of following up the statistics as not everyone in the cohort had registered dogs which makes it a little opinionated than the other article .]]> 2019-05-07 01:58:20 UTC https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357443894 pei00041 https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357446368 I found that both articles were valid and reliable as they both listed references and rights and permissions to their studies. An ethical issue from the CVD article would be the participant's privacy, however this was resolved as they had an option to participate or not. An ethical issue of the 2nd article was whether it was actually safe to leave young children with cats and dogs, this was adhered as they were monitored closely.

]]> 2019-05-07 02:10:53 UTC https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357446368 pei00041 https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357447131 According to the research question and articles I have formulated, it's not just pet ownership but constant exposure to them and depending on what pet you have, it can be beneficial for many health aspects overall supporting my hypothesis. Both articles investigate this and the evidence I have collected can benefit the increasing numbers of patients of not only CVD and asthma but other diseases to decrease and prevent ever receiving symptoms. To conclude, owning a pet with the trailed 0-12 year old and 40-80 year olds have been successful and have overall finalised that pet ownership does intact improve your overall health.]]> 2019-05-07 02:15:05 UTC https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357447131 pei00041 https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357448235 Onell Peiris 11F PSY3]]> 2019-05-07 02:21:03 UTC https://padlet.com/pei00041/33v66lxn21dr/wish/357448235