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      <title>COVID-19 Therapy  by Wong, Brian</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0</link>
      <description>Research the current therapies being utilized or tested for COVID-19 treatment and their mechanism of action. Post your responses below. Add a link to any articles or resources you found.</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2020-03-24 20:29:11 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2020-04-03 05:32:02 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>Kennedy Carter</title>
         <author>kennedyc51</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482561628</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>One of the drugs being tested to treat Covid-19 is a japan flu drug called Favipiravir or Avigan. It has been tested in Wuhan and Shenzhen and has been proven effective in treatment.<br>Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been approved by the U.S. Food ad Drug Administration for the treatment of malaria and lupus, but research suggest it could effectively treat Covid-19<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-covid-19-treatments.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 15:56:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482561628</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Susan Varghese</title>
         <author>susanv12</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482719085</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>As the number of those infected rises, nations are the world are trying to find a cure for this deadly disease. It has been found that Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine can be effective with those diagnosed with COVID-19. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved limited emergency use for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19. Chloroquine was first used as prophylaxis and treatment for malaria. Hydroxychloroquine is a more soluble and less toxic metabolite of chloroquine, which causes fewer side effects and is, therefore, safer. <br>The ability of  Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine to inhibit certain coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-1, has been explored with promising results. Both drugs are affordable and widely available internationally. With decades of experience administering these drugs, their safety profiles are well-established. It is likely to take many months for a specific treatment for COVID-19 to become available. As a result, there has been growing interest in the use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as potential treatments in the interim.<br><br>Sources:<br>https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/who-launch-trial-testing-4-potential-covid-19-treatments<br>-<br>https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/counterterrorism-and-emerging-threats/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/who-launch-trial-testing-4-potential-covid-19-treatments" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 16:54:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482719085</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Aarna Bhuptani</title>
         <author>aarnabhuptani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482727407</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Favipiravir, and known as Favivilar, is a flu drug that is currently being used to treat COVID-19. There is also a drug called Fusogenix DNA vaccine created by Entos Pharmaceuticals for COVID-19 infections opposed to COVID-19 itself. A bunch of drugs like these are helpful in defeating COVID-19 while a vaccine or cure is researched as they can help the patient overcome the virus and have a greater chance of survival. <br><a href="https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-frequently-asked-questions">https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-frequently-asked-questions</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 16:58:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482727407</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Eddie Hernandez</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482744540</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 17:05:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482744540</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482779674</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet.com/susanv12" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 17:19:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482779674</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Eddie Hernandez</title>
         <author>eddieh3241</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482791600</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Gimsilumab by Roivant Sciences is a clinical-stage, human monoclonal antibody. This is being tested for the COVID-19 virus, since the drug targets granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, which reduces lung damage and reduces morality rate of patients dealing with the COVID-19 virus.<br>Sources:<br><a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/">https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 17:23:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482791600</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Vanessa Hoang</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482912038</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Scientists had recently studied chloroquine, an anti-malarial drug, in the treatment of COVID19. This drug had been used in the past to treat autoimmune diseases, and had shown antiviral tendencies. However, the efficiency and safety of chloroquine regarding the SARS-CoV-2 (the 2019 coronavirus) is unclear. Chloroquine have been discovered and tested through various method such as utilizing articles about the virus through PubMed and EMBASE database, as well as researching clinical trials. Around 234 sources were found through these database, along with 23 clinical trials were tested around the world. Until today, besides the chloroquine, scientists are still actively working to find/test different cures to the COVID19. </div><div><br></div><div>SOURCES:</div><div><br></div><div>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944120303907?via%3Dihub</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354220301145?via%3Dihub</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 18:17:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/482912038</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Princess Ogbu</title>
         <author>ogbu17</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483014718</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Currently, an anti-malaria drug called Hydroxychloroquine is being tested as a possible treatment for COVID-19. President Trump hopes to find out whether or not the drug is effective in the next three days. The drug has been used in France for 36 coronavirus patients and was found to relieve the patients from the virus at a high rate. Although, it must go through numerous clinical trials to ensure its safety and reliability, the drug proves to be a promising discovery. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/30/trump-says-us-officials-should-have-good-idea-if-malaria-drug-works-on-coronavirus-in-three-days.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 19:10:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483014718</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Madisyn Bennett</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483019305</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Scientist are currently using a drug called Tocilizumab. This drug is typically used to treat adults with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Chinese doctors have used this drug to prevent an overreaction of the immune system that has led to organ failure and death in COVID 19 patients. Tocilizumab is expected to be apart of a clinical trial that will include 188 coronavirus patients and running until May 10th.<br><br>Sources:<br>https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/here-are-some-existing-drugs-may-be-repurposed-treat-coronavirus-n1162021<br><br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 19:12:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483019305</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Tonia Taiwo</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483020781</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Studies have shown that anti-malarial drug chloroquine has been proven to improve patient outcome, and this emergency alternative has already been given the thumbs-up from President Donald Trump and Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk. Recently though, research has been found to support the use of hydroxychloroquine, a "less toxic derivative of the drug." A study conducted by French doctors has shown that combining hydroxychloroquine  with azithromycin can also yield positive patient outcomes. However, as Gaeten Burgio, a medical researcher at Australian National University has made clear, the current results are "inconclusive" and "there are no clear indications that chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine are a treatment option." Essentially, like with all new drug treatment options, it will take time and additional clinical trials before this can be determined to be a legitimate treatment for COVID-19.<br><br><a href="https://www.cnet.com/how-to/coronavirus-medicine-vaccines-chloroquine-and-drugs-to-treat-covid-19/#chloroquine">https://www.cnet.com/how-to/coronavirus-medicine-vaccines-chloroquine-and-drugs-to-treat-covid-19/#chloroquine</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 19:13:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483020781</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Faiz Shakoor</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483097566</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Since there is currently no cure or vaccine for the coronavirus, scientists are searching for a fast solution in the antibodies in the blood of people who have recovered. This week in dozens of medical centers across the United States, researchers will start drawing blood from COVID-19 survivors, who have antibodies their bodies made to fight the disease. They then isolate the plasma containing the antibodies. This process is called “convalescent plasma therapy,” and their antibodies will be transferred to others, either to protect them against getting infected or to boost the immune systems of those who are already sick.<br><br>This is a highly experimental therapy, and hasn't been proven to work against COVID-19 yet, but preliminary research from China suggested that it has helped a small group of patients recover. It’s also had some success in past infectious disease outbreaks, including in fighting the SARS outbreak.<br><br>Sources:<br><a href="https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/gigagen-jumps-into-covid-19-arena-polyclonal-antibodies">https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/gigagen-jumps-into-covid-19-arena-polyclonal-antibodies</a><br><br><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/26/822003826/how-monoclonal-antibodies-might-prove-useful-against-the-coronavirus">https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/26/822003826/how-monoclonal-antibodies-might-prove-useful-against-the-coronavirus</a><br><br><a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemlee/coronavirus-plasma-therapy-blood">https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemlee/coronavirus-plasma-therapy-blood</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 19:57:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483097566</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Sara Maknojia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483134822</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The mysterious coronavirus outbreak in the Chinese city Wuhan, now termed as COVID-19, and its fast spread to many other countries, endangers thousands of lives. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved limited emergency use for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19. Donald Trump, had announced on 19 March that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine/Plaquenil, used to treat malaria and arthritis, were approved by the FDA to be tested as a treatment for COVID-19. The National Medical Products Administration of China has approved the use of Favilavir, an anti-viral drug, as a treatment for coronavirus. The drug has reportedly shown efficacy in treating the disease with minimal side effects in a clinical trial involving 70 patients.<br>Sources: https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/ </div><div> </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 20:19:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483134822</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mirabel JackTony</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483161206</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Scientists are breaking speed records in their race to develop treatments for COVID-19. Some are panning through old molecules in hope to find new drugs. Others are already applying the latest breakthroughs in synthetic biology  to engineer sophisticated treatments and vaccines. The progress yo develop a treatment for COVID-19  is moving unprecedentedly and breaking historic records every week. Malarial medicine chloroquine has been seen as a possible miracle drug against COVID-19 and  3 million tablets of that substance have been shipped to the U.S last week</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.forbes.com/sites/johncumbers/2020/03/25/timeline-shows-3-paths-to-covid-19-treatment-and-prevention-infographic/#656ae5524789" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 20:37:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483161206</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Covid-19</title>
         <author>chisom2042</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483209840</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>As of today, there is still  no cure for the virus, nor a specific treatment, but several companies are working to develop a proper vaccine and proper treatment. As of now, some firms are currently relying on already existing medications or drugs that are used to treat other infectious diseases. One of them includes the drug, Remdesivir, a drug created by Gilead Sciences, and was originally used to treat Ebola and other diseases. Officials at the WHO have considered the drug as being the most potentially effective treatment for COVID-19. The WHO has already began clinical trials for Remdesivir by testing it on patients in Spain and Norway. The other two drugs, Kaletra (A HIV medication) and Kevzara (a rheumatoid arthritis treatment) may also be effective in treating the virus.<br><br><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/30/investing/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccines-drugs/index.htm">https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/30/investing/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccines-drugs/index.htm</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 21:14:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483209840</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>CORONAVIRUSS! </title>
         <author>niacalexander</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483216599</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Observer</div><div><strong>E</strong>ven at their most effective – and draconian – containment strategies have only slowed the spread of the respiratory disease Covid-19. With the World</div><div> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/health">Health</a> Organization finally declaring a pandemic, all eyes have turned to the prospect of a vaccine, because only a vaccine can prevent people from getting sick.</div><div>About 35 companies and academic institutions are racing to create such a vaccine, at least four of which already have candidates they have been testing in animals. The first of these – produced by Boston-based biotech firm Moderna – <a href="https://time.com/5790545/first-covid-19-vaccine/">will enter human trials imminently</a>.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/coronavirus-vaccine-when-will-it-be-ready" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 21:19:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483216599</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Arlet Orozco</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483240660</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Hydroxychloroquine is an oral prescription drug that is administered to patients who have been detected to have COVID-19. This drug has a high in-vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and is given to hospitalized patients to help reduce the severity of the symptoms. It is usually used to treat malaria, lupus, arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. A small study indicates that hydroxycholoroquine can reduce the detections of the virus in the upper respiratory tract, but did not evaluate the clinical benefit. There is not much information regarding the clinical trials of this drug, but all we know is that many will be enrolled soon.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/therapeutic-options.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 21:39:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483240660</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Miguel Bastos</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483254350</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In the past, two different strands of the coronavirus disease have caused widespread epidemics: SARS and MERS. The new, highly contagious strand is COVID-19, meaning coronavirus disease 2019. Different drugs have been tested as possible treatments for the COVID-19. A Japanese drug used to treat the flu has shown effectiveness in some areas. The drugs Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine could prove to be effective against COVID-19. Both have been used to fight other viruses. The drugs have been tested in different countries such as France and have shown some promise. Another possible cure may come from an unexpected source: an unsuccessful ebola drug. The drug, remdesivir, has been able to inhibit the growth of SARS and MERS. As of today, it has been the drug that has shown the most promise, but it has only been tested on patients who show the most severe symptoms.<br><br>Sources: <a href="https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-covid-19-treatments.html">https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-covid-19-treatments.html</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 21:51:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483254350</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Laurie Ann Maramot</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483297054</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>For the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there are many treatments and therapies being tested. Instead of coming up with totally new medications,  WHO scientists are testing already existing treatments to see if they are the definite cure. For example, they are using an experimental antiviral called remdesivir. This therapy is used for Ebola, and it shuts down viral replication by inhibiting key viral enzymes. Next is chloroquine (or its chemical cousin hydroxychloroquine). It is being used for Malaria, and it decreases acidity in endosomes. Also,  a combination of the HIV drugs lopinavir and ritonavir. This uses an enzyme that creates a long protein chain when a new virus develops.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6485/1412" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 22:38:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483297054</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Carolyn Tran</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483324949</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>There is a desperate need to find new medicines to treat Covid-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus that has shut down much of the world. The drug companies and the medical researchers are making efforts to deliver new medicines. Doctors on the front lines have been trying older medicine, such as the malaria drugs hydroxychloroquine, in the hopes that it'll be effective. But the relentless pace of the virus’ spread and a sense of desperation can only do so much to speed up the development of new medicines. Normally, the process to develop new medicines can take a decade or more. And many experimental medicines fail. The early hope is on hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine and many hospitals include them in their treatment guideline. Some doctors are combining hydroxychloroquine with azimuthromycin, an antibiotic. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/24/when-might-experimental-drugs-to-treat-covid-19-be-ready-a-forecast/" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 23:12:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483324949</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>COVID-19 </title>
         <author>elizabethzeleke</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483340457</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>During this rush to eradicate the  newest strand of corona, known as COVID-19, Big Pharma and BioTech companies have tested various treatment options to find a possible breakthrough. Currently researchers are looking into cell-based therapy, anti-bodies, anti-virals and RNA based therapy to say a few. Many believe re-purposing drugs is the key.One drug in particular that might wind up being effective in treating symptoms is remdesivir, a drug made by Gilead Sciences that was originally used for Ebola and other highly contagious diseases. The hope is that remdesivir or another preexisting drug canhelp alleviate the worst symptoms from the coronavirus, buying more time for companies developing vaccines to come up with a longer term solution to stop the spread of the disease. <br>SOURCES:<br><a href="https://milkeninstitute.org/covid-19-tracker">https://milkeninstitute.org/covid-19-tracker</a><br><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/30/investing/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccines-drugs/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/30/investing/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccines-drugs/index.html</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 23:33:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483340457</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Aniyah Mcwashington </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483353280</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Big Pharmaceutical companies and biotechs are looking to come up with an effective treatment for the Covid-19 coronavirus. However it a new virus that we do not know about. Scientists are still understanding what makes this virus different from others, how it affects different patients who are already ill or perfectly healthy before being caught by the virus. There are no known fully affective treatments as of today, however there are possible treatments and testable therapies. Vaccination is the priority with defeating the spread of the virus, because it cannot be treated like an infection which is exaughsted by using antibiotics.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-30 23:50:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/483353280</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Ahil Jamal</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484454540</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Chloroquine was first used to help treat malaria. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a more soluble and less toxic metabolite of chloroquine, which causes less side effects and is, therefore, safer (1-3).More recently, CQ/HCQ has been used to manage conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.  CQ/HCQ has been used in the treatment of HIV with mixed results (4).  The ability of  CQ/HCQ to inhibit certain coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-1, has been explored with promising results (5, 6). Both drugs are affordable and widely available internationally. With decades of experience administering these drugs, their safety profiles are well-established. It is likely to take many months for novel, specific treatments of COVID-19 to become available. As a result, there has been growing interest in the use of CQ and HCQ as potential treatments in the interim.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-current-evidence-for-their-effectiveness-in-treating-covid-19/" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-31 13:52:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484454540</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Karly Miller </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484622093</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>During these unprecedented times scientist are working hard to find the cure and how to prevent COVID-19. A new study will test if Hydroxychloroquine can prevent COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an oral prescription drug that has been given to patients who have tested positive for COVID-19 to help treat the many symptoms because of its high in-vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2.   For this study researchers in New York plan to enroll 2000 participants who have been in contact with those who have confirmed or pending diagnoses. <br><br><br><a href="https://www.livescience.com/hydroxychloroquine-prevent-covid-19-study.html">https://www.livescience.com/hydroxychloroquine-prevent-covid-19-study.html</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-31 14:51:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484622093</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kaiya Hurd</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484627388</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>WHO has begun their research to try to put an end to the virus by trial testing 4 potential treatments.  The first trial deals with repurposing an experimental drug that was unsuccessful in treating ebola. They found that the drug relies on a mechanism that appears to be effective against other viruses, specifically the coronavirus. The second treatment includes looking into antimalarial medication. Different countries have been giving this attention because it has potential to be a preventative and curative agent. The third includes antiretroviral drugs. The drug may be able to fight it by targeting a specialized molecule that allows coronaviruses to replicate. However, it was found to be no difference in outcome between patients that received standard care. The fourth is a combination of antiretroviral drugs and interferon-beta.To boost the potential effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs, a trial of combining them with interferon-beta, a compound doctors use as first-line therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis is taking place.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/who-launch-trial-testing-4-potential-covid-19-treatments" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-31 14:53:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484627388</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Alaina Harmon</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484671077</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Although there are no treatments specific to COVID-19, there are some agents are being used under clinical trial such as, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir; Ritonavir,  Remdesivir and some immunomodulating agents (alfa-interferon, sarilumab, etc.). There has yet to be a treatment or drug therapy with the intended or desired result for the disease. However, the FDA continues to investigate the use of NSAIDs in patients with COVID-19 symptoms in an attempt to find an effctive therapy for COVID-19. There are concerns for potential worsening of COVID-19 symptoms have been suggested, but confirmatory clinical data is lacking. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/988648/COVID-19-Drug-Therapy_Mar-2020.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-31 15:08:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484671077</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Shelby Lee</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484848461</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>There has been several researches supporting that an effective cure for the coronavirus has been found in  a common anti-malarial drug. For example, "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly, and scientists are endeavoring to discover drugs for its efficacious treatment in China. Chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for treatment of malaria, is shown to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19 associated pneumonia in multicenter clinical trials conducted in China. The drug is recommended to be included in the next version of the Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19 issued by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China for treatment of COVID-19 infection in larger populations in the future."<br><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2020/03/17/an-effective-treatment-for-coronavirus-covid-19-has-been-found-in-a-common-anti-malarial-drug/">https://wattsupwiththat.com/2020/03/17/an-effective-treatment-for-coronavirus-covid-19-has-been-found-in-a-common-anti-malarial-drug/</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bst/14/1/14_2020.01047/_article" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-31 16:12:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484848461</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kundan Rao </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484944239</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Although there is not yet a cure to COVID-19, there have been many attempts to find one. Treatment guidelines have already incorporated the usage of chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). However, the exact dosage, duration of the treatment, and side effects of these drugs have not yet been studied. CQ and HCQ have been chosen as ideal candidates for the treatment for many particular reason. CQ was first used as prophylaxis and as treatment for malaria. HCQ, on the other hand, is a more soluble and less toxic metabolite of CQ, which, therefore, causes less side effects and is overall safer. More recently, CQ/HCQ has been used to treat/manage conditisions such as rheumatoid arthritis and has been used in the treatment of HIV (with mixed results). Unfortunately, it is likely to take months for specific treatments of COVID-19 become available, which explains the growing interest in the use of CQ and HCQ as potential treatments. <br><br>Sources: <a href="https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-current-evidence-for-their-effectiveness-in-treating-covid-19/">https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-current-evidence-for-their-effectiveness-in-treating-covid-19/</a><br><br><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/who-launch-trial-testing-4-potential-covid-19-treatments">https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/who-launch-trial-testing-4-potential-covid-19-treatments</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-31 16:49:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/484944239</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Sharon Nwosu</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/485010653</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>As of now, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are just two drugs being tested for their effectiveness in fighting COVID-19 (coronavirus). Chloroquine is known as treatment for malaria (a disease caused by parasite bites), and hydroxychloroquine is the safer version of chloroquine being that it is less toxic. Both drugs have been used as treatment for various conditions/diseases such as HIV/AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, and forms of lupus. Because of its success in treating other diseases, it is being used in clinical trials to determine whether it can be used to fight the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. According to cebm.net, as of now, the effect of the drugs is limited. </div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-current-evidence-for-their-effectiveness-in-treating-covid-19/" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-31 17:16:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/485010653</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Chisom Anaejionu</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/485450134</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Several in vitro studies report antiviral activity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo data, although promising, is currently limited to one study with considerable limitations. On the basis of the weak evidence available to date, treatment guidelines have already incorporated the usage of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for certain patients with COVID-19.<br>Chloroquine (CQ) was first used as prophylaxis and treatment for malaria. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a more soluble and less toxic metabolite of chloroquine, which causes less side effects and is, therefore, safer. The empirical evidence for the effectiveness of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 is currently very limited. First clinical results were reported in a news briefing by the Chinese government in February 2020, revealing that the treatment of over 100 patients with chloroquine phosphate in China had resulted in significant improvements of pneumonia and lung imaging, with reductions in the duration of illness. Source: <a href="https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-current-evidence-for-their-effectiveness-in-treating-covid-19/">https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-current-evidence-for-their-effectiveness-in-treating-covid-19/</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2020/03/17/an-effective-treatment-for-coronavirus-covid-19-has-been-found-in-a-common-anti-malarial-drug/" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-31 21:25:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/485450134</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>E-MAN O.G.</title>
         <author>dianao1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/485763345</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>There are no FDA-approved drugs for treating patients with corona virus. However there are drugs approved to treat other diseases that might help corona virus patients. Researchers are constantly studying them in many clinical trials around the globe. Currently the only two drugs that are being tested to fight the corona virus are chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Many are concerned that the virus will become worse but researchers are still fighting to find a cure.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2020/03/31/coronavirus-drug-clinical-trials" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-01 04:28:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/485763345</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kaylin Lyons</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/488061453</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Most people who become ill with COVID-19 will be able to recover at home. No specific treatments for COVID-19 exist right now. But some of the same things you do to feel better if you have the flu — getting enough rest, staying well hydrated, and taking medications to relieve fever and aches and pains — also help with COVID-19.</div><div>In the meantime, scientists are working hard to develop effective treatments. Therapies that are under investigation include drugs that have been used to treat malaria and autoimmune diseases; antiviral drugs that were developed for other viruses, and antibodies from people who have recovered from COVID-19.<br>Currently there is no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. However, similar to treatment of any viral infection, these measures can help:</div><div><br></div><div>While you don't need to stay in bed, you should get plenty of rest.</div><div>Stay well hydrated.</div><div>To reduce fever and ease aches and pains, take acetaminophen. Be sure to follow directions. If you are taking any combination cold or flu medicine, keep track of all the ingredients and the doses. For acetaminophen, the total daily dose from all products should not exceed 3,000 milligrams.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/treatments-for-covid-19" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-02 05:18:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/488061453</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Bridget Ogbuagu</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/489227069</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>COVD-19 is an emerging and rapidly evolving situation, thus there are several clinical trials that have been conducted as an experimental treatment to COVD-19. One such clinical trial, that began February 25, 2020 went underway at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) in Omaha. Sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NAID), part of the National Institute of Health (NIH), was the first clinical trial in the United States to evaluate an experimental treatment to COVD-19. The first person to participate in the trial is an American who was repatriated after being quarantined on the Diamond Princess cruise ship that docked in Yokohama, Japan and volunteered to participate in the study. Though there are no specific therapeutics approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat people with COVID-19, the antiviral treatment, Remdesivir seems to be a promising candidate in the experimental treatment of COVD-19. Remdesivir, developed by Gilead Sciences Inc., was previously tested humans with Ebola virus disease and has shown promise in animal models for treating Middle East respiratory syndrome, otherwise known as (MERS) as well as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which are caused by other coronaviruses. Clinical trials of remdesivir are also ongoing in China, the U.K and other places around the world. “There’s only one drug right now that we think may have real efficacy,” Bruce Aylward of the World Health Organization said last month. “And that’s remdesivir." If this is indeed, true, then we may see this antiviral treatment manufactured and distributed around the world.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-remdesivir-treat-covid-19-begins" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-02 15:20:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/489227069</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Ruby Rodriguez </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/489344719</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Currenty there are no treatments for covid-19 but there are several drugs that are being tested to see if they are against the covid 19. It is hard to develop a tratment because there are certain drugs that just attack a part of the virus. Something that can help if you have the virus is resting, staying hydrated and taking acetamino</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/treatments-for-covid-19" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-02 16:03:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/489344719</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Maryann Ivbievbiokun</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/489657882</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>There is no cure for COVID-19 at the moment since it is a new strand that emerged. Nonetheless, the FDA has done a lot in response to the pandemic. As of now, the FDA is facilitating medical countermeasures to treat and prevent the disease, and surveilling the medical product and food supply chains for potential shortages or disruptions and helping to mitigate such impacts, as necessary. The FDA continues to work with interested sponsors to help expedite any additional clinical trials for COVID-19 medical countermeasures that may be appropriate.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-continues-facilitate-development-treatments" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-02 18:20:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/489657882</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kenny Thomas</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/489788637</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Due to how recent this virus had started from, the FDA has not approved any cures or treatments for COVID-19. However, many clinical trials have been started to find out possible treatments for the virus, for example, Chloroquine, which is actually the drug that fights malaria. The alternative, hydroxychloroquine, has been shown to treat autoimmune diseases, and a way to stop the disease is by having a strong immune system to fight it. Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease expert at Vanderbilt University, stated that they have already begun using hydroxychloroquine, so we will have to see the results of the trials and hope that it gets us one step closer to solving this problem.<br><br>Source: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/science/coronavirus-drugs-chloroquine.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/science/coronavirus-drugs-chloroquine.html</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-02 19:32:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/489788637</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Grizelle Garcia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/490041570</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>As the rapid spread of COVID-19 progresses, there is a race to find a cure. The FDA recently authorized the usage of the anti-malarial drug, hydroxychloroquine to treat patients who have contracted the virus. 6,227 physicians out of 30 countries have rated hydroxychloroquine the most effective drug in treating the virus. However, as of today there still is no evidence that any form of medicine is the cure to COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://nypost.com/2020/04/02/hydroxychloroquine-most-effective-coronavirus-treatment-poll/" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-02 22:49:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/490041570</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Chidozie Abuachi</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/490251479</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The coronavirus has quickly spread across the world within the past month. As a response to this increasing global health issue, certain therapies have began to be used, such as the new drug  "Remdesivir."  The drug was previously used to treat the Ebola virus in the DR Congo. While first being tested with the Ebola virus, the drug showed little to no effect. <br><br>However, when tested on coronaviruses that cause SARS or MERS, the drug had been known to inhibit spread of such viruses. It had also been recently tested on a man who had tested positive of COVID-19 in the United States. After his initial critically ill condition, his symptoms dramatically improved. However, experts say that the drug isn't necessary for much of the patients who aren't diagnosed - even the ones with apparent symptoms.<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/who-launches-global-megatrial-four-most-promising-coronavirus-treatments" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-03 04:02:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/490251479</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Adara Francis</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/490284779</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The coronavirus struck the world globally very unexpectedly and with it spreading extremely fast scientists are quickly trying to find a cure(or are they? that's a conspiracy for another day). While there is no cure doctors are currently using an antiviral called "Remdesivir" as a testing to see if it could help cure COVID-19. This antiviral was once used to help cure the Ebola virus and even though it didn't help that much with the Ebola they wanted to give it a try with COVID-19. They are using this antiviral on adults who have been diagnosed with the coronavirus and as of right now there are no updates on how it's working, but they are trying.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.empr.com/home/news/drugs-in-the-pipeline/pipeline-investigational-therapies-for-covid-19/" />
         <pubDate>2020-04-03 05:10:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/brianwong1/32aa08s0hcb0/wish/490284779</guid>
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