https://padlet.com/abbymck2000/31n0gzwsq5dd Notheastern Woodlands Iroquois en-us 2016-08-12 16:26:04 UTC 2016-08-17 16:31:20 UTC hello@padlet.com abbymck2000 https://padlet.com/abbymck2000/31n0gzwsq5dd/wish/118139630

Many of the villages were connected by a system of trails

Villages built along bodies of water

Villages usually used year round or were semi-permanent

Villages were surrounded by several acres of cropland

The village will move only when soil fertility and firewood has declined

The process of transferring all members of the village is a gradual process

Takes a long while to completely make a new village

The territory they lived on was filled with forests and lakes that allowed the tribes to gather plants, hunt animals, and get shellfish or fish.

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Had a very diverse political system, ranging from immensely organized The League of the Iroquois to simpler structures such as small nuclear families.

The League of the Iroquois, back when it was in power, determined the tribe’s trade policies, alliances with other tribes, and basically served as the head to a network of various tribal duties.

Property used to be inherited matrilineally. 

The Iroquois had two leaders to each clan. The leaders were selected by the elderly women from each of the clans. 

The two leaders are called the “civil chief” who was in charge of organizing the normal day-to-day activities of the clan while the “military chief” would be the one who negotiated an agreement between two disputing people.

The Iroquois were mostly matrilineal, meaning that most family power went towards the women as they were regarded as performing duties that were important to Iroquoian civilization. Women were in charge of making sure that the crops grew well in their fields. The family line descended from female to female

• Men were responsible for hunting and fishing. 
• Women stayed near the house to look after children and pick berries 
• The Iroquois had 5 separate tribes that made their own laws, but shared rules in matters such as trade
• Organized into matrilineages - society based on the mother or female line. All members of the matrilineage lived within a single log house which was headed by a matron: the eldest female. They were responsible for appointing new political leaders.
• Lineages were grouped into clans and each village had several lineages in it
• The Iroquois tended to treat and think of others as kin

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Marriages used to be of individual choice, but later on in the matrilineal age, mothers played a big role in arranging marriages.

Divorce was possible. When it occurred, the mother of the family’s children would retain full control over them.

When a husband and wife were wed, they would live in the woman’s longhouse

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Decorated clothes with dyed porcupine quills

Women had long hair while men had mohawks

Men removed their body hair by scraping it off

Both men and women decorated their bodies with tattoos

Popular crafts included beading jewelry, porcupine quillwork, and making clay pipes

Musical instruments instruments include rattles made from deer toes, while the more popular instruments were drums and flutes 

They are well known for their masks

Dreamcatchers

Unlike other tribes, they wore masks solely for religious purposes

Only other tribe members were supposed to see the masks

Some popular festivals included the Corn Planting Festival, Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving, and New Years Festival 

Clothes were made from animal fur and hides

Men wore leggings and clothes

Women wore long wrap skirts and leather leggings

Both sexes wore moccasins 

Kastoweh (feathered ceremonial hats) 

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The world of the Iroquois included numerous deities. 

The most sacred one, Great spirit was responsible for the creation of humans, plants and animals, and the god in nature.They believed the great spirit indirectly was in control of their lives. 

Other important deities included 3 sisters,the spirits of maize beans and squash. 

Opposite of those were others such as the evil spirit responsible for the bad and misfortune. 

Ordinary people in the tribe didn't have the power to directly communicate with the Gods but they could indirectly by burning tobacco. 

Also they believed their dreams were special and that they should be fulfilled. 

The ceremonies they practiced were focused on curing illness, Thanksgiving, and farming. 

Between the ceremonies they had, they would also have public confessions, group ceremonies, and speeches. 

Believed everything had a spirit, living or nonliving.

They considered masks sacred and used them strictly for religious purposes. Only tribe members were allowed to see them. 

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The Iroquois had elements of hunter-gatherers and of horticulture. 

They were very agricultural based, growing mostly beans, corn, and squash. Fished, gathered berries, plants, and roots

They traded amongst people based on the gift economy, and they had a division of labor based on the gender. 

Fur trade used to strengthen confederacy (around the 1600s)

Practiced the slash-and-burn form of horticulture

Primary weapons were bows and arrows, stone axes, knives, and blowguns

Principal crops were maize, beans, squash, (prominent in ceremonies)

Surplus crops were dried and stored for future

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