Literature review:
In a group there must be someone who is passive through out the whole conversation. They  are not actively response to the conversation due to they are not given an opportunity to speak or they are in their own world and ignore people around her/his. The purpose of this project is to improved the group conversation with audio based support system that will triggers without disturbing their communication signals.

When the speaker A is done talking, speaker A has to look at speaker B to allow the speaker B to talk. When there is no interaction between speaker A and speaker B that will lead to the passive participants in a group. The main idea of this project is to notify the group who is now taking turn to talk by using the directional loudspeaker(DLs) and that will only target the specific direction. 

The result of this project are shown that the contribution passive participants in the group are increased and this will make the purpose of this project can be achieve. 

Journal
Vazquez-Alvarez, Y., Aylett, M. P., Brewster, S. A., Jungenfeld, R. V., & Virolainen, A. (2015). Designing Interactions with Multilevel Auditory Displays in Mobile Audio-Augmented Reality. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction,23(1), 1-30. doi:10.1145/2829944

Link
http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2830000/2829944/a3-vazquez-alvarez.pdf?ip=49.50.237.136&id=2829944&acc=ACTIVE%20SERVICE&key=69AF3716A20387ED%2ED42AF13046ABD06D%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35&__acm__=1544965133_a1a701f5522d5096960aac3f3e60d66e

Literature review:
Auditory User Interfaces is been develop rapidly in this recent years. Its offer the best solution to the problem of effective eyes- free mobile interactions with indoor location based information in non guide audio augmented environment. 

The aim for this article is to give a user explore an acoustic virtual environment augmenting physical space by listening while they are walking. This is more useful when the user have seen the visual object and and had the visual attention plus they get to hear an explanation about the object. 

In conclusion, this article is to investigated the efficiency and the usability of the complex spatial auditory displays design to enable user interactions.

Literature review
When we drive a car in a road there are many possibility to get hurt if we are not aware of the danger. This topic is to to discuss about how we can help to minimize the rate of accident on the road. Advanced Driver Assistant System (ADAS) technologies have been implemented in recent years. The functionality of ADAS is to give Blind Spot Warning(BSP), Lane Depature Warning(LDW) and Forward Collision Warning(FCW) but this features are only can be found in modern vehicles.

The main idea of this topic is to design a 3D Auditory Traffic Information System (3DATIS). This idea is to inform the drivers about their surrounding for example about the distance of the pedestrian, other cars movement and the location to the drivers. So that the drivers will response to the emergency case fast and accurate. 

In conclusion, the result of the 3DATIS is showing a better performance and can be achieved. Thus, it will decrease the statistic of accident on the road. 

The main issue of this paper is to design IVR interfaces that focuses on the challenges of users being either semi-literate or non-literate. There are other issues that effects when it comes to designing IVR interactive such as different set of socio-cultural, linguistic and domestic challenges. Therefore, A.S Grover, O. Stewart, D. Lubensky [2014] propose a design model with three components to suits the needs of low-literacy user which is Get input, Error-recovery, and Play results (output). 

Introduction & Literature Review
In this paper, the region that the research is being conducted is in the developing world. A.S Grover, O. Stewart, D. Lubensky [2014] emphasise on a larger population in those regions stated (e.g. India, South Africa, Brazil) that have low literacy and technologically in-experienced neglecting the technological advancement of the country.  Author states concern about the trustworthiness of the system as it can also affect the usability of the system. This statement is proven by the author from the recent study by Srinivasan J from the writing The Role of Trustworthiness in Information Services Usage: The Case of Parry Information Kiosks and study from L. Cloete, E. Barnard & H. Patel, Initial Experiments on the Effectiveness of Telephone Access to Government Services Moreover, author suggest two way of intuitive design option which is speech where user takes command or DTMF.  Proven from two study case by Sherwani et al and Ava aj Otalo study by Patel et al, two of the results shows a success significantly higher on DTMF usage rather than speech.

Methods & Materials 
 | Dialog design model: (1)  Get input- The author removes the use of natural language (NL) as part of the IVR and added semantic options in the form of numerical choices e.g. Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF). (2)   Error-recovery-Author state that the important element of audio prompt design is to provide robust error management. Voice feedback needs to be clear and combine with icon and images to help user fix error. This is a multimodal strategy approach by the authors for more smooth usage of the system. (3)  Play results-author again stated about the usage of local language in exchange with natural language and persona of the voice feedback that should be culturally suitable for the developing world  

There are many educational games that based on traffic laws and regulations in some places around the world. However most of the game only use mouse and keyboard and lack of graphic elements thus only targeted the children. Other author discuss to try involving the children, youth and adults in this electronic games as a ways of teaching and learning

This topic is to present the design and the implementation of the 3D traffic rule game. The result from the use-based evaluations that have been conducted shown that this game can be used to familiarize users with principles of safe driving and acquaint them to the traffic laws and regulations.

Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7299246

Second journal is  

Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8331092/authors#authors

In this era, haptic has been using in wide range of application in numerous including military field and medical. In this journal, the author highlighted on medical and military filed. One of the technologies which help the surgeons to undergoes  even the toughest surgeries successfully is Virtual Reality. Furthermore, Haptic using in military field is new and not wide. Basically, Haptic is defined as the science of applying tactile sensation to human interaction with computers which enables an interaction with virtual, real and remote environment. In this paper, Military actions and operation include many different areas in one large scale of military operation involving strategies, medical, combat, communication, logistical and maintenance areas. Traditionally training in military or “old school method” has been trained in technical and also theories and will be practicing theories in real life environments.  there is also a need in military field for the modern technology using haptic functioned as research and new technologies which can help in training and operating in various military areas. The using of new technologies can bring along advantages that can lead to improved performance and reduced risks. Haptic is the “science of applying tactile sensation to human interaction with computers”. In our paper we have discussed the basic concepts behind haptic along with the haptic devices and how these devices are interacted to produce sense of touch and force feedback mechanisms. Also the implementation of this mechanism by means of haptic rendering and contact detection were discussed. The use of haptics has potential to enhance the feeling of immersion in training whether the training is performed in virtual reality simulators or real life training situations

Link
https://www.ijcsmc.com/docs/papers/April2014/V3I4201448.pdf

This literature review is done by Farah Haziqah Binti Baharom (55936) 

Author:     Gianni Campion et all
Abstract: We describe the use of eddy current brakes for the synthesis haptic textures. Textural effects are achieved through rapid variations of the viscous damping coefficient that these brakes create when activated. We demonstrate that eddy current brakes can be actuated reliably at frequencies typical of haptic texture rendering. Performance is evaluated by measuring the movement of the manipulandum with an accelerometer while modulating the viscous force at high frequency. Key advantages of this technique include guaranteed passivity of the haptic synthesis, accurate results from the linear dynamics of these brakes, and elimination of the need to estimate or observe velocity.
Link
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4479996

Author : Nimesha Ranasinghe 

Abstract:

Most of the systems for generating taste sensations are based on blending different chemicals appropriately, and there are less proven approaches to stimulate the sense of taste digitally. In this paper, a method to digitally stimulate the sense of taste is introduced and demonstrated based on electrical and thermal stimulation on human tongue. Thus, two digital control systems are presented to control taste sensations and their intensities effectively on the tongue. The effects of most persuading factors such as current, frequency, and temperature have been accounted to noninvasively stimulate the tongue. The initial experimental results indicate that sour (strong), bitter (mild), and salty(mild) are the main sensations, which can be evoked while there are evidences of sweet sensation too. Based on the results of the Tongue Mounted Digital Taste Interface, we have then developed another system which named as the Digital Sour Lollipop to effectively control the sour taste digitally. Initial experimental results of this system show the controllability of sour taste up to three levels of intensities using the electrical stimulation on human tongue.

Link
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6246147

Interaction
1. EFE, Alper. Using Olfactory Displays as a Nontraditional Interface in Human Computer Interaction. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age (JOLTIDA), [S.l.], v. 2, n. 2, p. 14-25, jun. 2017. ISSN 2458-8350. Available at: <http://joltida.org/index.php/joltida/article/view/30/93>.

Author : Alper Efe

Summary

Olfactory interface is an interface that rely on chemical transduction.But the smell interface is often forgotten or improperly stimulated, because non controlled odorants present in the physical space surrounding the user.Smell do has its limitations and disadvantages as a display medium,but it also has its strengths and many have recognized its potential.In daily lives,smell tells us whether food is safe to eat or fire is breaking out in the next room.There were many researchers trying to add scent to the movies and other multimedia with different methods.But they keep on missing their scent accompanying with the movies, this also made the audiences miss the scents.Despite on these difficulties, olfactory displays should rely on users distinguishing different smells, not the strength of smells.

 

2. Massachusetts General Hospital. (2018, September 26). Olfactory cells may act as 'Trojan horse,' carry anticancer therapy to deadly brain tumors: Cells that protect newly generated neurons can be genetically engineered to activate anticancer drug, reduce tumor growth and improve survival in mouse model. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 16, 2018 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180926140731.htm

Source:

Massachusetts General Hospital

A special type of cell essential to the ability of olfactory neurons to regenerate may be genetically engineered to deliver anticancer therapy  to the dangerous brain tumors called glioblastomas.The researchers describe on using the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) to deliver an anticancer agent only to tumor cells and how the treatment reduced tumor size.The potential of OECs to travel into the brain and their attraction to inflammatory molecules including those secreted by tumor cells led the researchers to investigate their ability to against glioblastomas. The conducted experiment has lead to greater result that the OECs could be used as a therapeutic tool against different types of brain cancer and tumors located in other parts of the body.