exp : Father, Mother, Siblings.

     2- Extended part of family members.

         exp : Cousins, Uncles, Aunts

     3 -Group of friends that you grew up with.

          (childhood friends)

     4- Friends at your alma mater.

     5- Starngers you just met.

b) - Family members-Political issues

     - Historical stories

     - Scientific facts

     - Their thoughts on movies

     - The location of a place

Group: 
Xiaer 
Zaim
Rifa

Another important theory to explain the impact of mass media on society is this theory. Group 2, just like Group 1, please research and read up what this theory is about according to the same format: 
 
1) Explanation:  

this theory revolves around shaping our opinions by exposing us to different messages on the media. When one person doesn't have the same opinion as the public it is called 'spiral of silence'.  

 

2) Key scholars:  

 
3) Examples/Evidence:  

As Huesmann and his associates (1986, 1997, 1999) have shown in two separate studies, children who grow up watching a steady diet of media violence are significantly more at risk to behave violently as young adults than are comparable children who watch less violence. In one study, the children (at eight years of age) who watched more violence behaved more violently ten years later (when they were eighteen years of age), and again twelve years after that (when they were thirty years of age). In a second study, the children (six to eleven years of age) who watched more violence behaved more violently fifteen years later (when they were between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-six). 

 

 

 

a) Reflecting on your own personal experience, how long did it take you to emulate/follow/learn/adopt a behavior after being exposed to it in the media?  

In my own personal experience, I started using the media at an early age like everyone else for watching television when I was younger. The more I became older, I discovered that there was endless possibilities and answers to a question. The media helped me with my research and even when I wanted to 🤬 boredom. The media plays a huge role in my life and I adopted my hobby of blogging after about a week or two after exposed to the media.  

 
 
b) Share examples of information or things that you learnt from the media that you eventually believe as fact and reality. This can be anything from stereotypes about people, places and behaviour, advertisements on products and news stories. 

One example of information that I learnt from the media that I eventually accepted as a fact is that the world is not set in black and white. I used to believe that there were distinct differences between good and evil, and right and wrong. But as I continued using the media, I came to find that it is not so. It is said that Adolf Hitler was the most evil man in the world. If this was so, how was he able to have a wife and children? Why did he spare a Jewish man, whose race he was persecuting, his life? I eventually accepted that although he has done many wrongs throughout his lifetime, Adolf Hitler was a misunderstood figure in history and he too was only human who made mistakes. 

 

References:  

https://masscommtheory.com/theory-overviews/cultivation-theory/ 

Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication 

https://prezi.com/-mp2yvayemln/cultivation-theory-and-cumulative-effects-theory-media-and/ 

Cultivation Theory and Cumulative Effects Theory 

https://www.encyclopedia.com/media/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cumulative-media-effects 

https://www.biography.com/people/adolf-hitler-9340144 

Adolf Hitler 

2. Social Media 

3. Politics - Changes to law and    policies, enforce gun policy 

4. Education, 2 - Incident which happen at Florida, the teachers teach social skills 

5. Environment

b)
• Sheriff faces mounting criticism over Florida school massacre
• Metro Healthcare climbs to high of 33 cent on LEAP Market
• women found murdered in home at Alor serta.
• E-cigarettes leak toxic metals, study finds
• Black panther: twitter bans trolls who claimed white cinema-goers were being attacked at screenings
• Teacher accused of misgendering child was told by police that she committed a hate crimes
• Florida lawmaker calls debate to arm teachers ‘a distraction’
• Powerful quake hits central papa New Guinea, disrupts oil and gas operations

Similarity:
-They will update current news everyday
-Most of the headline will update the most serious news on that day.

c)
- News media is not dare to take their own decision especially about criticizing government because they scared it might risk them losing their operating licenses.

- Government practices a strict censorship on sensitive issues especially regarding politics.

- Certain issues are not allowed to publish in newspaper if the news against influential parties. The news is twisted in such a way it only tells a part of the truth.