Engineering Chemistry Virtual Class Room for the First Year Mech-B and Civil Engineering Students by Mr. B. Thanga Giri, Assisstant Professor by B.THANGAGIRI

Unit I: Water Technology

thangagiri — 2015-08-07 16:11:25 UTC

Module Syllabus: Characteristics of water – alkalinity – types of alkalinity and determination – hardness – types of hardness and estimation by EDTA method (problems on calculation of hardness only); Boiler feed water – requirements – disadvantages of using hard water in boilers – priming and foaming – scales and sludges – caustic embrittlement – boiler corrosion – external conditioning (demineralisation process) – internal conditioning (colloidal, phosphate, carbonate and calgon conditionings) – Domestic water treatment – disinfection methods (Chlorination, Ozonation, UV treatment) – break point chlorination – salinity – desalination by reverse osmosis.

Module Overview: This module defines the basic principles of water quality parameters, their analysis and various water treatment processes for domestic and industrial applications. After the completion of this module, the students are able to understand the need for water treatment and various treatment processes for domestic and industrial use.

Determination of Hardness of Water

thangagiri — 2015-08-07 16:32:41 UTC

Measurement of Alkalanity

thangagiri — 2015-08-07 16:36:44 UTC

Test for Hardness

thangagiri — 2015-08-07 16:36:49 UTC

Boiler fed water

thangagiri — 2015-08-07 16:45:39 UTC

Domestic Water Treatment

thangagiri — 2015-08-07 16:52:20 UTC

Disadvantages of using hard water

thangagiri — 2015-08-07 16:54:23 UTC

Question Bank for Unit-I Water Technology

thangagiri — 2015-08-10 15:51:44 UTC

PART - A (2 Mark Questions)
1. Differentiate hard water and soft water.

2. Define hardness.

3. What are the types of hardness? Differentiate them.

4. What are the tests for hardness?

5. Why hardness is expressed in CaCO3 equivalent?

6. What is EDTA? Write its structure?

7. What is the principle behind EDTA titration?

8. What is alkalinity? What are the possible reasons for alkalinity?

9. Give any four requirements for potable water?

10. What is boiler feed water? What are the basic requirements?

11. What are boiler problems? Name any 4 boiler problems?

12. Differentiate scales and sludge?

13. What is caustic embrittlement? How will you prevent it?

14. What is carry over? How will you prevent it?

15. What are the reasons for boiler corrosion?

16. What are boiler compounds?

17. How calgon conditioning is superior than other methods?

18. Why phosphate conditioning is preferred over carbonate conditioning?

19. What are the chemicals used for regeneration of ion exchange resins?

20. Give the name of membranes used in reverse osmosis process?

21. Give the advantages of RO process and ion exchange process?

22. What is break point chlorination? What is its significance?

23. What is disinfection? What are the different methods of disinfection?

24. Why a soft water need not be demineralised water but a DM is always soft water.

25. Give two examples for Cation exchange and anion exchange resins?

PART - A (Problems)

1. A water sample contains 73 mg of Mg(HCO₃)₂ per litre. Calculate the hardness in Clarke degree?

2. What is the hardness of a solution containing 0.585 g of NaCl and 0.6 g of MgSO₄ per litre?

3. Calculate the hardness of a water sample containing 2.4 mg of calcium chloride in 500 mL water?

4. A water sample contains 204 mg of CaSO₄ and 73 mg of Mg(HCO₃)₂ per litre. Calculate the hardness in terms of CaCO₃ equivalent?

5. A sample of water contains the following dissolved salts in mg/L: Mg(HCO₃)₂ = 73; CaCl₂ = 111; Ca(HCO₃)₂= 81; MgSO₄ = 40. Calculate the temporary and permanent hardness of water sample?

6. A sample of water contains the following dissolved salts in mg/L. Mg(HCO₃)₂ = 14.6; Ca(HCO₃)₂= 16.2; MgCl₂ = 9.5; MgSO₄ = 6.0. Calculate the alkaline and non-alkaline hardness of water sample?

7. A sample of water is found to contain 16.8 mg/L Mg(HCO₃)₂; 12 mg/L MgCl₂; 29.6 mg/L MgSO₄ and 5.0 mg/L NaCl. Calculate the temporary and permanent hardness of water sample and express in ppm?

PART - B

1. How the alkalinity of a water sample is estimated volumetrically?

2. Explain the aim, principle, procedure, calculation involved in EDTA method?

3. Write a note of boiler problems?

4. What is ion exchange method? Explain the concept.

5. What is reverse osmosis? Bring out the methodology behind it.

6. How will you treat the water for drinking purpose?

7. What are boiler compounds? How are they used in internal water treatment?

PART - B (Problems)

1. 100 mL of a sample required 20 mL of 0.01 M EDTA for titration with Eriochrome Black-T indicator. 100 mL of the same water sample after boiling and filtering required 10 mL of 0.01 M EDTA. Calculate the total, carbonate and non-carbonate hardness of the sample?

2. 0.28 g of CaCO₃ was dissolved in HCl and the solution was made up to one litre with distilled water. 100 mL of the above solution required 28 mL of EDTA solution on titration. 100 mL of the hard water sample required 33 mL of same EDTA solution on titration. Another 100 mL of the same water, after boiling, cooling and filtering required 10 mL of EDTA solution on titration. Calculate the temporary and permanent hardness of water.

3. 50 mL of sample of hard water required 35 mL of 0.01 M EDTA on titration. 50 mL of the same sample of water after boiling required 12 mL of 0.01 M EDTA. Calculate total, temporary hardness of water?

4. In an estimation of hardness of water by EDTA titration, 250 mL of a sample of water required 15 mL of 0.025 M EDTA solution to get the endpoint. Calculate the hardness of water.

5. 0.5 g of CaCO₃ was dissolved in HCl and the solution made up to 500 mL with distilled water. 50 mL of the solution required 48 mL of EDTA solution for titration. 50 mL of water sample required 15 mL of EDTA and after boiling & filtering required 10 mL of EDTA solution. Calculate the hardness?

G vinoth Kumar : domestic water treatment video was so super. Sir test for hardness video was good, we want more videos like this sir.

2015-08-15 11:22:45 UTC

Subash Mech-B

2015-08-15 11:49:53 UTC

Sir we are expect more videos from u pls if the video in tamil it Wil help tamil medium and also for us for better understandingd

Ion exchange process

thangagiri — 2015-08-15 17:35:15 UTC

Explanation of Boiler Feed Water & It's Treatment

2015-08-16 05:57:56 UTC

Sir we are expect more videos from u pls if the video in tamil it Wil help tamil medium and also for us for better understanding

Subash Mech-B

2015-08-16 06:11:12 UTC

Sir videos help very much understanding we are expect more videos from u pls videos in Tamil it may help all@

Subash Mech-B

2015-08-16 06:18:35 UTC

We are expecting more videos from u sir

Nice videos it make us better understanding we r expect more videos if it is in Tamil it may helpful to all

@@@@@@@@

Chlorination of Water

2015-08-16 06:34:51 UTC

Domestic Water Treatment (or) Potable Water preparation method

2015-08-16 14:16:27 UTC

Breakpoint Chlorination Curve (0R) Free Residual Chlorination

2015-08-23 12:08:33 UTC

Karthick Raja Mech-B

2015-08-23 14:59:49 UTC

Sir i want ans. For 14th ques carry over

Sir,The boiler feed water video was superb..Yet it still doesn't explain the preparation of it..couldya give us a detailed explanation..??

Sir,could you give us a detailed explanation for preparing boiler feed water..The video regarding the boiler feed water was superb..but it doesn't explain the preparation of it..

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

thangagiri — 2015-08-25 16:30:26 UTC

Here is the visualisation of Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Galvanic cell

thangagiri — 2015-08-25 16:47:14 UTC

Here is the animation of working of Galvanic cell.

Conductometric Titrations

thangagiri — 2015-08-25 16:56:48 UTC

Basic concept and experimental methods are discussed in detail

Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)

thangagiri — 2015-08-25 17:08:22 UTC

Nernst Equation

thangagiri — 2015-08-27 13:34:39 UTC

Nernst Equation based problems

thangagiri — 2015-08-27 13:43:07 UTC

Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)

thangagiri — 2015-08-27 15:42:26 UTC

S K VENKAT RAMANAN MECH-B

skramana98 — 2015-08-29 06:12:40 UTC

online test 1 ans=15.99 mg/L

online test 3 ans=70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

on line test 4 ans=300ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

online test 5 ans=500ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

S.K. Venkat ramanan Mech-B

skramana98 — 2015-08-29 06:19:36 UTC

The videos are very helpful for us.you are my first teacher to create a web page and learn through it.It is very nice and helpful when compared to class learning

K.S.AJAI BHALAJI Mech-B

ajaiseeni — 2015-08-29 11:21:00 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT

Ans :

1 , carbonate hardness : 30 ppm

non carbonate hardness : 32.84 ppm

temporary hardness :12 ppm

permanent hardness :7 ppm

amount of hardness : 450 ppm

amount of hardness : 300 ppm of caco3

amount of hardness 50 ppm of Mgso4

;

Mathi Rohitha Civil

2015-08-29 11:27:53 UTC

Really helpful and a very awesome idea.sir please give the answer for part a Qno.14

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-08-29 14:41:06 UTC

Carry over means priming. (Part-A, Question Number 14)

V. Gireesh Mech B

2015-08-30 02:39:41 UTC

online assignment

ans

1, temporary hardness : 30 ppm of caco3

permanent hardness : 32.83 ppm of caco3

2,temporary hardness :12 ppm of caco3

permanent hardness :7 ppm of caco3

3,hardness :450 ppm of caco3

4,hardness :300 ppm of caco3

5,hardness :50 ppm of Mgso4

P.M. AQEEL AHAMED MECH-B

2015-08-30 02:50:20 UTC

sir, may i know the answer for part-a ques no.24

Subash Mech-B

2015-08-30 03:33:29 UTC

Sir the videos are very helpful to all we r expected more fro

Subash Mech-B

2015-08-30 03:49:36 UTC

Sir i will post the answer as soon as possible plz give time for me sir

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-08-30 05:39:50 UTC

Dear Mr. P. M. AQEEL AHAMED, her is the answer for Part-A, Question number 24.

Why a soft water need not be demineralised water but a DM is always soft water?

Soft water is a water which does not contain hardness producing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions, but it may contains other ions like Na⁺, Cl^-, K⁺, etc. Demineralised water does not contain any ions, including hardness producing ions. Hence, a soft water need not be demineralised water but a DM is always soft water.

Question Bank for Unit-II Electrochemistry

thangagiri — 2015-08-30 05:49:14 UTC

PART–A (2 Mark Question)

Define electrochemical cell. Give two examples.
Write about conductivity of electrolytes.
What are the conditions for an electrochemical cell to act as a standard cell?
Distinguish between galvanic cell and electrolytic cell.
What is electrode potential? How is it developed?
Distinguish between reversible and irreversible cell giving one example for each.
How emf of a cell is mesuared? Represent a galvanic cell according to IUPAC convention.
How will you predict the spontaneity of any redox system using emf?
Write Nernst equation for M → Mⁿ⁺ +ne^-
What is reference electrode?Give any two examples. Why hydrogen electrode is not prefered to set up?
Define: (a) Single electrode potential and (b) Standard electrode potential. What are the factors affecting it?
Galvanized containers are not used for storage of food products, but tin coated containers are used. Give reason.
Why salt bridge is used in the construction of a cell?
Mention the applications of conductometric titrations.
Define the emf of the electrochemical cell (or) what is electrode potential?
What is ion selective electrode? Give example. Mention the applications of ion selective electrode.
What is a reversible cell? Give examples.
State whether Zn spatula can be used to stir a solution of CuSO₄ or not and justify your answer.
Why pure iron does not dissolve readily in conc.HNO₃?
Mention the applications of Nernst equation.
What is irreversible cell? Give examples.
List the six applications of electrochemical series.
Draw and explain the representative plot of conductometric titration of a strong acid versus strong base.
Draw and explain the representative plots of potentiometric titration of a ferrous ion with permanganate ions.
Zn_(s) + H₂SO₄ ↔ ZnSO_4(aq) + H_2(g). Justify your whether this cell is an irreversible cell or not.

PART–A (2 Mark Problems)

Calculate the standard emf of a Daniel cell at 25 ℃ when the concentration of the ZnSO₄ and CuSO₄ are 0.001 M and 0.1 M respectively. The standard potential of cell is 1.1 volts.
A zinc rod is placed in 0.1 M ZnSO₄ solution at 298 K. write the electrode reaction and calculate the potential of the electrode. E⁰(Zn²⁺, Zn) = -0.76 V.
Calculate the half cell potential at 298 K for the reaction Zn²⁺_(aq) + 2e^- → Zn_(s), if [Zn²⁺] = 5M and E⁰(Zn²⁺, Zn) = -0.76 V.
Write the cell reaction and calculate E⁰ for the cell Zn, Zn²⁺ (1 M) || Cu²⁺ (0.1 M), Cu.
What is the potential of a lead electrode that is in contact with a solution of 0.015 M in Pb²⁺ ions? The standard electrode potential of Pbà Pb²⁺+ 2 e^- is equal to +0.13 V.
Calculate the reduction potential of lead electrode in contact with a solution of 0.018 M Pb²⁺ions (the standard electrode potential E⁰ = -0.13 V).
Calculate the single electrode potential of copper immersed in 0.01 M CuSO₄ solution at 25 ⁰C. E⁰_Cu/Cu2+= +0.34 V.

PART–B (Big Questions)

Derive Nernst equation for single electrode potential and explain the terms involved in it. Write its applications.
Define emf series. Discuss the applications of emf series.
What is glass electrode? How will you construct & use it to measure the pH of the given solution? (or) How pH is determined using reference electrode?
Discuss the conductometric titrations. What are the advantages of conductometric titration over ordinary volumetric titrations?
Describe the construction and working of hydrogen and calomel electrode.
What is the principle of potentiometric titrations? How it is useful to find the equivalence point by potentiometric method?

PART–B (Problem)

Construct a galvanic cell and present the cell equations and find out the feasibility of the cell. Given that standard reduction potential of Zn²⁺/Zn (0.01 M) = -0.76 V and Cu²⁺ / Cu (0.1 M) = 0.34V.
Calculate the emf of the concentration cell consisting of zinc electrodes, one immersed in a solution of a 0.02 M and the other immersed in 0.001 M solution of its ions at 25 ⁰C.
Find the potential of the cell in which the following reaction take place at 25⁰C. Zn + Cu²⁺(0.02M) → Zn²⁺(0.4M) + Cu. Given E⁰_{(Zn2+, Zn)} = -0.76 V, E⁰_{(Cu2+, Cu)} = 0.34 V.
Consider the cell reaction Zn_(s) + Fe²⁺(0.005M) Zn²⁺(0.01M) + Fe_(s). Given that the standard emf of the cell is 0.323 V at 25⁰C. (a) Construct the cell and (b) calculate the emf of the cell.
Calculate the emf of the following cell. Zn | Zn2⁺|| Ag⁺ | Ag, where [Zn²⁺]=0.1 M, [Ag⁺] = 0.01, E_Ag⁰ = +0.8 V, E_Zn⁰ = +0.8 V.
Calculate the half cell potential at 298 K for the reaction Zn²⁺_(aq)+ 2e^-à Zn_(s) if [Zn²⁺] is 5.0 M and E⁰_Zn2+/Zn = -0.76 V.
For electrochemical cell Fe | Fe²⁺(0.1M) || Cd²⁺(0.001M) | Cd, write the cell reaction. Calculate the emf of the cell at 25 ⁰C. Calculate standard free energy and equilibrium constant of the cell reaction. The standard electrode potential of iron and cadmium electrode is -0.44 V and -0.40 V respectively.
Two lead rods are placed in lead salt solutions of concentration 0.005 M and 0.05 M respectively to form a cell. Calculate its emf at 298 K.
The potential of the cell Pt | H_{2 (g)}|| HCl _(g)| AgCl_(s)| Ag is 0.322 V at 25 ⁰C. What is the pH of the electrolyte solution? (E⁰_Ag-AgCl = +0.22V)
Balance the equation and calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Fe²⁺_(aq)+ Au³⁺_(aq) ↔ Fe³⁺ _(aq)+ Au⁺ _(aq). Given that E⁰_Au+/Au = +1.69V, E⁰_Fe3+/Fe = +0.77 V.
Calculate the emf of the following cell. The standard reduction potential of zinc and copper electrodes are -0.76 V and +0.34 V respectively. Zn | Zn²⁺ (0.1 M) || Cu²⁺ (0.1 M) | Cu.
Calculate the emf of the following galvanic cell. The standard reduction potential of zinc and copper electrodes are -0.76 V and +0.34 V respectively. Zn | Zn²⁺ (0.1 M) || Cu²⁺ (0.01 M) | Cu
Calculate the emf of the following electrochemical cell at 25 ⁰C. Cu, Cu²⁺ (0.1 M) ||H⁺ (0.01 M), H₂ (1 atm); Pt. given that E⁰_Cu2+/Cu= +0.34 V and E⁰_H+/H = 0.0 V.

Unit-II Electrochemistry

thangagiri — 2015-08-30 06:49:19 UTC

Module Syllabus: Electrochemical cells – reversible and irreversible cells – EMF – measurement of emf – Single electrode potential – Nernst equation (problems) – reference electrodes – Standard Hydrogen electrode – Calomel electrode – Ion selective electrode – glass electrode and measurement of pH – Standard Cell – electrochemical series – significance – potentiometric redox titration – conductometric titrations (Strong acid Vs Strong base and Weak acid Vs Strong base)

Module Overview: This module defines the fundamental principles of basic electrochemistry with various applications. The conductometric titrations and potentiometric titrations are discussed in detail.

Ion Selective Electrode (ISE)

thangagiri — 2015-08-30 07:07:18 UTC

R.Hariharan Mech-B

2015-08-30 09:26:52 UTC

online assignment

ans

1, Carbonate hardness=30ppm of caco3

non carbonate hardness=32.84 ppm of caco3

2.carbonate hardness=7 ppm of caco3

non carbonate hardness=12 ppm of caco3

3.(11).temporary hardness =70 mg/lit

4.(13) hardness=300 ppm of caco3

5.(14).hardness=500 ppm of caco3

A.Anastus John Mech-B

2015-08-30 09:55:15 UTC

Sir this answer was submitted by A.Anastus John of MechB online assignment

ans

1, temporary hardness : 30 ppm of caco3

permanent hardness : 32.83 ppm of caco3

2,temporary hardness :12 ppm of caco3

permanent hardness :7 ppm of caco3

3,hardness :450 ppm of caco3

4,hardness :300 ppm of caco3

5,hardness :50 ppm of Mgso4

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-08-30 12:28:14 UTC

Dear Mr. G. Bala Murugan, Just type you views and answers.

Just put your doubt in one time. Enough.

G.Bala murugan Mech-B

2015-08-30 12:38:05 UTC

Sir please give me a small explanation about the steps involved in solving estimation of hardness problems.

CALCULATION OF TOTAL HARDNESS - SIMPLE PROBLEMS

thangagiri — 2015-08-30 13:00:48 UTC

d

thangagiri — 2015-08-30 13:10:55 UTC

Madhumathi Mech-B

madhumony23 — 2015-08-30 14:06:10 UTC

1)temporary hardness=30ppm of CaCo3 equivalent permanent hardness=62.84ppm of CaCo3 equivalent

2)temporary hardness=7ppm of CaCo3 equivalent permanent hardness=11.88ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

3)temporary hardness=70ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

4)temporary hardness=300ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

5)amount of hardness=500ppm of CaCO3 equiva

Gaushika P.S Mech-B

2015-08-30 14:42:01 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness=32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
Carbonate Hardness=30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
2.Permanent Hardness=12ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
Temporary Hardness=7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
3.Temporaray Hardness=70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
4.Amount of hardness=300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
5.Amount of hardness=500 ppm of MgSO4 Equivalent

Chinnu Ganesh Mech-B

2015-08-30 14:57:21 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness=32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
Carbonate Hardness=30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.
2.Permanent Hardness=12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.
Temporary Hardness=7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.
3.Temporary HArdness=70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.
4.Amount of hardness=300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.
5.Amount of Hardness=500 ppm of MgSO4 Equivalent.

Karthick Raja.M Mech-B

2015-08-30 15:40:39 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness=32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Carbonate Hardness=30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

2.Permanent Hardness=12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

Temporary Hardness=7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

3.Temporary HArdness=70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

4.Amount of hardness=300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

5.Amount of Hardness=500 ppm of MgSO4 Equivalent.

Glass Electrode

thangagiri — 2015-09-02 12:25:37 UTC

Wester-Cadmium Standard Cell

thangagiri — 2015-09-02 12:31:39 UTC

Experimental methods to find the EMF of the unknown cell (OR) Comparison of emfs of two given cells using Potentiometer

thangagiri — 2015-09-02 12:33:38 UTC

The Electrochemical Series and its Applications

thangagiri — 2015-09-02 12:44:16 UTC

Metal Reactivity Series Menomics

thangagiri — 2015-09-02 12:55:15 UTC

MANIKANDAN B MECHANICAL B SECTION (ONLINE ASSIGNMENT)

2015-09-03 13:36:04 UTC

1.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=30 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

PERMANENT HARDNESS=32.84 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

2.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=7 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

PERMANENT HARDNESS=12 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

3.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=70 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

4.AMOUNT OF HARDNESS=300 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

5.AMOUNT OF HARDNESS=500 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-09-04 15:32:39 UTC

A small announcement for Mech-B students.

Tuesday 5th hour will be Chemistry hour.

Please bring your Chemistry Note and Book.

Inform to your friends.

P.M. AQEEL AHAMED MECH B

2015-09-05 02:07:37 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness=32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Carbonate Hardness=30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

2.Permanent Hardness=12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

Temporary Hardness=7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

3.Temporary HArdness=70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

4.Amount of hardness=300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

5.Amount of Hardness=500 ppm of MgSO4 Equivalent.

I.S. ASHWIN KUMAR

2015-09-05 02:09:54 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness =32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalen

Carbonate Hardness =30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
2.Permanent Hardness =12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
Temporary Hardness =7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
3.Temporary Hardness =70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
4.Amount of Hardness =300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent
5.Amount of Hardness =500 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Gaushika P.S.

2015-09-05 06:05:29 UTC

On Behalf of Mech-B students,
I wish u
"HAPPY TEACHERS DAY"
sir.

I. Sankar Ganesh Mech -B

2015-09-05 07:36:15 UTC

1.Carbonate hardness=30 ppm of Calcium carbonate equivalent

Non-Carbonate Hardness= 32.85 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

2.Total Hardness=19 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Temporary Hardness=7 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Permanent Hardness=12 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

3.Total amount of hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

4.Total amount of hardness= 300 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

5.Total amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Subash Mech-B

2015-09-05 12:32:33 UTC

1.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=30 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

PERMANENT HARDNESS=32.84 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

2.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=7 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

PERMANENT HARDNESS=12 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

3.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=70 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

4.AMOUNT OF HARDNESS=300 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

5.AMOUNT OF HARDNESS=500 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

Subash Mech-B

2015-09-05 12:35:55 UTC

sir what is the answer for 2nd lesson 18th question please

MANOKARAN.M MECH-B

2015-09-05 14:17:00 UTC

1.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=30 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

PERMANENT HARDNESS=32.84 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

2.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=7 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

PERMANENT HARDNESS=12 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

3.TEMPORARY HARDNESS=70 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

4.AMOUNT OF HARDNESS=300 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

5.AMOUNT OF HARDNESS=500 ppm OF CaCO3 EQUIVALENT

J SANTO ANAND Mech-B

2015-09-06 09:36:39 UTC

J SANTO ANAND-MECH-B

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-09-06 13:19:42 UTC

Thank you Ms. P. S. Gaushika, Mech-B

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-09-06 13:32:22 UTC

Dear Mr. Subash, the answer for the 18th question is not covered in the class. It will be discussed in the coming class. So, wait for a week.

S.K.VENKAT RAMANAN Mech-B

2015-09-06 14:35:40 UTC

sir what is the difference between

calculation of the emf of the cell

and mathematical determination of the emf of the cell?

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-09-06 16:33:39 UTC

The calculation of EMF and Mathematical expression for EMF are same (Nernst equation) only

thangagiri — 2015-09-09 17:24:28 UTC

Principle of Potentiometric Titration

thangagiri — 2015-09-09 17:32:51 UTC

Nernest equation problem

thangagiri — 2015-09-10 16:58:10 UTC

Devaraj.T Mech-B

2015-09-12 02:04:34 UTC

1.Carbonate hardness=30 ppm of Calcium carbonate equivalent

Non-Carbonate Hardness= 32.85 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

2.Total Hardness=19 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Temporary Hardness=7 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Permanent Hardness=12 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

3.Total amount of hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

4.Total amount of hardness= 300 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

5.Total amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

SUBASH Mech-B

2015-09-12 11:25:32 UTC

SIR in NERNEST EQUATION VIDEO E=E0-0.0591/N BUT IN THE VIDEO IT SHOWS 0.0592 WHAT IS THE REASON SIR and why we take log [zn2+/cu2+] why we coud*nt choose [cu/zn] sir

Subash Mech-B

2015-09-12 11:29:30 UTC

sir in exam question paper what are the two chemical method for soft water and hard water asked what is the answer for that question could you explain me sir?

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-09-12 17:04:15 UTC

The two method to distinguish between hard water and soft water:

By using soap (Hard water gives white precipitate, but soft water gives lather).
By adding Eriochrome Black T indicator in the presence of ammonia buffer (Hard water gives purple red color, but soft water does not).
The Nernst equation problem will be clear after the classroom problem solving. We are going to solve many problem based on Nernst equation. Wait for Tuesday special class (4:45pm to 6:15pm in Room number CF1).

I.Sankar Ganesh Mech-B

2015-09-13 14:11:56 UTC

Sir can we use EDTA for distinguishing hard water from softwater.

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-09-13 17:59:40 UTC

Dear Mr.I.Sankar Ganesh, we can use EDTA to distinguish hard water from soft water in the presence of ammonia buffer. When we add Eriochrome Black T in the hard water, it gives purple red color and unstable complex of [Metal-Erochrom Black T] complex.

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-09-14 12:31:03 UTC

S.Karthi keyan, Mech-B

2015-09-17 12:27:10 UTC

1.carbonate hardness=30mg/litre

non carbonate hardness=32.9mg/l

2.carbonate hardness=12mg/l

non carbonate hardness=7mg/l

3.total hardness=150ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

permanent hardness=80 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

temporary hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

4.amount of hardness=300ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

5.amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

S.Aravinth, Mech

2015-09-17 12:35:18 UTC

1.carbonate hardness=30mg/litre

non carbonate hardness=32.9mg/l

2.carbonate hardness=12mg/l

non carbonate hardness=7mg/l

3.total hardness=150ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

permanent hardness=80 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

temporary hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

4.amount of hardness=300ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

5.amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Question Bank for Unit III: Corrosion and its Control

thangagiri — 2015-09-17 14:15:19 UTC

PART–A (2 Mark Question)

Why iron corroded under a drop of NaCl solution?
What is the principle involved in impressed cathodic current method of prevention of corrosion?
Using chemical equations, state the mechanism of corrosion of iron in weakly alkaline solution.
What type of corrosion occurs when nut and bolt are made from different metals? Why?
Define wet corrosion. Mention the conditions for wet corrosion to take place.
In electrochemical corrosion, what is the general anodic reaction of a metal M? What is the cathodic reaction in basic aqueous solution containing dissolved oxygen?
Justify the formation of waterline corrosion.
Give the mechnasim of wet corrosion.
Why does corrosion occur in steel pipe connected to copper plumbing?
Give the principle of electrodeposition.
What is a sacrificial anode? Give two examples. How does it protect a submerged pipeline?
Explain galvanic corrosion with example.
What is paint? Give the constituents of paint.
Galvanized containers are not used for storage of food products, but tin coated containers are used. Give the reason.
What do you understand by acid-pickling?
What is differential aeration corrosion? Illustrate with suitable example.
Why does magnesium corrode faster than iron?
Galvanizing is better than tinning – Justify your answer.
State Pilling-Bedworth rule. What is its importance? [OR] How is Pilling-Bedworth ratio related to the protective capacity of an oxide layer?..
What type of corrosion will occur to a Zn-Fe couple immersed in an electrolyte? How can it be prevented?
Zinc metal is more readily corroded when coupled with copper than lead. Why?
Explain the functions of driers in paint. Give two examples.
Give the advantages of electroless platting over electroplating.
Why do steel screws in brass marine hardware corrode?
Why pure iron does not dissolve readily in conc.HNO₃?
What is meant by electroless platting? How is nickel platting done by this method?.
What is pitting corrosion? Give examples.
What are corrosion inhibitors? Give the different types of examples. [OR] With examples, write the role of inhibitors in corrosion process.
Why aluminum is passive towards corrosion in oxidation environment?
Write any four effects of corrosion.
Give the principle of electroless platting.
Mention the functions of vehicle in paint.
Write the effect of pH of the conducting medium on corrosion of metals. [OR] What is Pourbaix diagram? Draw the same for corrosion of iron with environment.
Why does corrosion of water filled sted tanks occur below water line?

PART–A (2 Mark Problems)

How much gram rust you will get when 100g of pure iron is rusted away?

PART–B (Big Questions)

With two examples each, explain the characteristics and functions of the constituents of an oil paint. [OR] What is meant by paint? What are the various constituents of paints? Give examples. Explain briefly their functions. (10)
Describe the electrochemical theory of corrosion [OR] Discuss the mechanism of wet corrosion. (8)
How is corrosion prevented by impressed current and sacrificial anode method? (8) [OR] What are cathode and anode protection for controlling corrosion? Discuss their merits and demerits. (10)
Explain the mechanism of differential aeration corrosion with illustration. (8)
What is meant by electroless platting? How is nickel platting done by this method? Give the advantages over electroplating. (8)
Explain the principle and various steps involved in electroplating / electrodeposition of gold. (6)
Explain chemical corrosion. Also explain the intensity of corrosion varying with nature of the oxide layer formation over metal. [OR] Explain dry corrosion. (8)
Explain the mechanism of drying of oil paint. (6)
Define corrosion and explain the factors that influence the corrosion. (8)
Explain the prevention of corrosion by using corrosion inhibitors. (8)

Unit III: Corrosion and its Control

thangagiri — 2015-09-17 14:30:00 UTC

Module Syllabus: Chemical corrosion – Pilling-Bedworth rule – electrochemical corrosion – differential aeration corrosion – factors influencing corrosion – different types – galvanic corrosion – erosion corrosion – pitting corrosion – crevice corrosion – waterline corrosion – stress corrosion – corrosion control – sacrificial anode and impressed current cathodic methods – corrosion inhibitors – Protective coatings – metallic coating – pretreatment of surface – hotdipping – spraying – cladding – cementation – electroplating (Cr, Cu, Ni and Au) – electrolessplating (electroless nickel plating only)
Module overview: This module explains the theories of corrosion and differential aeration corrosion. This module also deals with different factors that are influencing the corrosion. This module also explains the different corrosion control methods. The protective coatings include electroplating and electrolessplating.

The Basic concept of Corrosion

thangagiri — 2015-09-17 14:35:14 UTC

Rusting of iron

thangagiri — 2015-09-17 14:43:33 UTC

The corrosion and its types

thangagiri — 2015-09-17 14:52:48 UTC

All About - Corrosion

thangagiri — 2015-09-17 15:18:53 UTC

Galvanic corrosion

thangagiri — 2015-09-18 15:41:18 UTC

Pitting and Crevice corrosion

thangagiri — 2015-09-18 15:59:47 UTC

Stress corrosion

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 17:20:38 UTC

Corrosion Prevention - Chemistry

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 17:25:11 UTC

Cathodic Protection

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 17:28:03 UTC

Impressed Current Cathodic Protection

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 17:28:08 UTC

C

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 17:30:11 UTC

w

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 17:54:59 UTC

Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 17:59:36 UTC

Electroplating

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 18:05:48 UTC

Electroplating animation

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 18:07:44 UTC

Chrome Plating

thangagiri — 2015-09-19 18:17:46 UTC

Ragland Prison Mech-B

2015-09-20 10:13:02 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness=32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Carbonate Hardness=30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

2.Permanent Hardness=12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

Temporary Hardness=7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

3.Temporary HArdness=70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

4.Amount of hardness=300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent.

5.Amount of Hardness=500 ppm of MgSO4 Equivalent.

Venkatesh Prasad K Mech-B

2015-09-20 11:08:01 UTC

1.Carbonate hardness=30 ppm of Calcium carbonate equivalent

Non-Carbonate Hardness= 32.85 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

2.Total Hardness=19 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Temporary Hardness=7 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Permanent Hardness=12 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

3.Total amount of hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

4.Total amount of hardness= 300 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

5.Total amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

SUBASH MECH-B

2015-09-20 11:21:07 UTC

sir i saw the trick for reactivity series but i have a doubt on that is the series denotes galvanic series or emf series?

subash Mech-B

2015-09-20 11:22:52 UTC

sir where are you put the offline assingment questions

K S PRASAD

2015-09-20 11:46:42 UTC

1.carbonate hardness=30mg/litre
non carbonate hardness=32.9mg/l
2.carbonate hardness=12mg/lnon carbonate hardness=7mg/l
3.total hardness=150ppm of calcium carbonate equivalentpermanent
hardness=80 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent
temporary hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent
4.amount of hardness=300ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent5.amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

K VENKATESH PRASAD Mech-B

2015-09-20 11:48:36 UTC

1.carbonate hardness=30mg/litre

non carbonate hardness=32.9mg/l

2.carbonate hardness=12mg/l

non carbonate hardness=7mg/l

3.total hardness=150ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

permanent hardness=80 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

temporary hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

4.amount of hardness=300ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

5.amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

VENKATESH.K Mech-B

2015-09-20 11:49:04 UTC

1.carbonate hardness=30mg/litre

non carbonate hardness=32.9mg/l

2.carbonate hardness=12mg/l

non carbonate hardness=7mg/l

3.total hardness=150ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

permanent hardness=80 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

temporary hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

4.amount of hardness=300ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

5.amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

Raghu Mech-B

2015-09-20 12:40:30 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

K S Prasad Mech-B

2015-09-20 12:42:51 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Murugathavam Mech-B

2015-09-20 12:43:14 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Ramsamy P L Mech-B

2015-09-20 12:43:39 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

C Dilipan Raj Mech-B

2015-09-20 12:44:01 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

R Muppidathi Mech-B

2015-09-20 12:44:18 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

T Maniselvam Mech-B

2015-09-20 12:44:37 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

G Vinoth Kumar Mech-B

2015-09-20 12:44:57 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Gokulnath Mech-B

2015-09-21 14:40:57 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness =32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Carbonate Hardness =30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

2.Permanent Hardness =12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Temporary Hardness =7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

3.Temporary Hardness =70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

4.Amount of Hardness =300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

5.Amount of Hardness =500 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Premnath Mech-B

2015-09-22 15:35:17 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness =32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Carbonate Hardness =30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

2.Permanent Hardness =12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Temporary Hardness =7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

3.Temporary Hardness =70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

4.Amount of Hardness =300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

5.Amount of Hardness =500 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Sir put the offline question paper for aasignment

2015-09-24 07:07:18 UTC

S. Arunmozhi Mech-B

arunmozhi77784 — 2015-09-24 09:54:16 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

S. Karthik, Mech-B

2015-10-02 05:14:10 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness =32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Carbonate Hardness =30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

2.Permanent Hardness =12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Temporary Hardness =7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

3.Temporary Hardness =70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

4.Amount of Hardness =300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

5.Amount of Hardness =500 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

K. Muralikannan, Civil

2015-10-02 06:04:19 UTC

sir,the videos are really helpful to me and give the answers for the following questions
from corrosion and its control.

which is more corrosive to metal,hard water or soft water? why?

V. MANIKANDAN, MECH B

2015-10-02 14:02:00 UTC

1]non carbonate hardness=32.4ppm of CaCO3equivalent
temporary hardness=30ppm of CaCO3equivalent
2]permanent hardness=12ppm of CaCO3equivalent
temporary hardness=7ppm of CaCO3equivalent
3]temporary hardness=70 ppm of CaCO3equivalent
4]amount of hardness=300 ppm of equivalent
5]amount of hardness=500 ppm of equivalent

K. CHINNU GANESH, MECH-B.

2015-10-02 16:51:58 UTC

SIR this is very helpful but for hostel students it is not helping, so please got permission as soon as possible to visit this site at the college/hostel

K. Muralikannan, Civil

2015-10-03 04:16:28 UTC

sir,please give the answers for the questions from corrosion and its control

Q.NO:4,9,21,35 and which is more corrosive to metal, hard water or soft water? why?

Santhosh GB, Mech-B

2015-10-03 05:18:17 UTC

1.Non-Carbonate Hardness =32.84 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent Carbonate Hardness =30 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent 2.Permanent Hardness =12 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent Temporary Hardness =7 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent 3.Temporary Hardness =70 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent 4.Amount of Hardness =300 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent 5.Amount of Hardness =500 ppm of CaCO3 Equivalent

Sathosh GB, Mech-B

2015-10-03 05:19:34 UTC

Sir any easy way for mugupping emf and galvonic series

E. Jasper, Mech-B

jasjasper098 — 2015-10-03 11:04:35 UTC

1.Permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

2.Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

3.Temporary hardness =70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

4.Amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

5.Amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

I. GOUTHAM, MECH B

2015-10-03 11:57:24 UTC

1.carbonate hardness=30mg/litre

non carbonate hardness=32.9mg/l

2.carbonate hardness=12mg/l

non carbonate hardness=7mg/l

3.total hardness=150ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

permanent hardness=80 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

temporary hardness=70 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

4.amount of hardness=300ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

5.amount of hardness=500 ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent

ARUN PUSHPADURAI, MECH-B

2015-10-11 11:00:55 UTC

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT:

O.N:1 permanent hardness = 32.84 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 30 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:2 Permanent hardness = 12 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

Temporary hardness = 7 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:3 Temporary hardness = 70 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:4 amount of hardness = 300 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

O.N:5 amount of hardness = 500 ppm of CaCO3 equivalent

g

thangagiri — 2015-10-15 15:03:01 UTC

u

thangagiri — 2015-10-15 15:03:04 UTC

Question Bank for Unit -IV Engineering Materials

thangagiri — 2015-10-15 15:04:57 UTC

PART–A (2 Mark Question including Problems)

Explain why silica bricks expand on heating?
Under what conditions would you use lubricating oils and solid lubricants? [OR] Under what conditions solid lubricants are used?.,What is meant by thermal
spalling with respect to a refractory?. Where do you find thermal spalling?. How it is minimised?
Define oiliness of a lubricant. How can this be improved?
Mention any four applications of carbon nanotubes….. List any four nanometrials. Define refractoriness of a refractory..
An oil sample under test has a Saybolt universal viscosity same as that of standard Gulf oil (low viscosity standard) and Pennsylvanian oil (high viscosity standard) at 210^oF. Their Saybolt universal viscosities at 100 ^oF are 61s, 758s and 420s respectively. Calculate the viscosity index of the oil sample.
Define the term (i) fire point and (ii) flash point with their significance..
What is meant by dimensional stability? Mention their types.
Why is graphite used as a lubricant whereas other form allotropes of carbon are not?
What are the types of lubrication? Mention some important characteristics of a lubricant.
What is viscosity index? What are viscosity index improvers? Give examples.
What are carbon nanotubes? How they are classified? [OR] How CNTs are classified on the basis of chirality or helicity?
What are greases? How are they classified? How lithium based greases are prepared?
What are refractory? How are they classified?
Explain the lubrication action of graphite..
What are single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes? How they are differ from each other?
What should be the flash point of lubrication is involved in delicate machine like watches, clocks, etc.?
What is meant by pyrometric cone equivalent? How will you find it?
Define the terms ‘Lubricant’ and Lubrication’.
What is garnet? Give its uses.
Define (i) cloud point and (ii) pour point with their significance….
List any four properties of refractory.
How is carborundum prepared? Mention some important properties of carborundum. [OR] How will you prepare silicon carbide? What are the uses of silicon carbide?
What are nanometrials? Mention their characteristic properties?
How lubricants classified? Give examples for each type..
Give two examples for neutral and acidic refractory.
Under what conditions extreme pressure lubricant is used?
Define porosity of refractory.
An oil sample under test has a Saybolt universal viscosity same as that of Standard Gulf Oil (low viscosity standard) and Pennsylvanian oil (high viscosity standard) at 210 ^oF. Their Saybolt universal viscosity at 100^oF. Their Saybolt universal viscosities at 100 ^oF are 600 s, 800s and 500s respectively. Calculate the viscosity index.

PART–B (Big Questions)

How will you measure refractoriness of refractory? Explain with neat diagram.
Draw and explain the structure and lubrication action of (i) Graphite and (ii) Molybdenum disulphide. [OR] Give the structure of graphite and molybdenum disulphide. How do they function as solid lubrication? Explain with neat diagrams.
Explain the preparation, properties and uses of the following: (a) Zironia bricks (Neutral Refractory), (b) High Alumina bricks (Acidic Refractory) and (c) Magnesite bricks (basic Refractory).
What is meant by lubrication? Mention, draw and discuss the three types of mechanism of lubrication with examples. [OR] What are lubricants? Discuss the different types of lubrication.
Discuss the different types, their synthesis methods,properties and applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT).
Explain any five properties of refractory. [OR] Explain the following with respect to refractory: (a) Refractoriness under load, (b) Thermal spalling,(c) Dimensional stability and (d) porosity.
Draw a neat structure of graphite and molybdenum disulphide. Explain how they act as good solid lubricants

Unit -IV Engineering Materials

thangagiri — 2015-10-15 15:11:31 UTC

Module Syllabus: Refractories – classification – acidic, basic and neutral refractories – properties (refractoriness, refractoriness under load, dimensional stability, porosity, thermal spalling) – manufacture of alumina, magnesite and zirconia bricks. Lubricants – mechanism of lubrication, liquid lubricants – properties (viscosity index, flash and fire points, cloud and pour points, oiliness) – solid lubricants – graphite and molybdenum disulphide – semi solid lubricants and emulsions. Nanomaterials – introduction to nano chemistry – carbon nanotubes and their applications.
Module overview: This module explains the basic concepts of various engineering materials and their industrial applications. Also the synthesis, properties and applications of carbon nanotubes are discussed in detail. After the completion of this module, the students are able to identify the appropriate engineering material.

Murali kannan.

2015-11-10 12:02:59 UTC

Happy "Diwali" sir

1.what is the purpose of airbath in pensky mortenes apparatus?

2.difference between hydrocarbon lubricants and vegetable oil lubricant's?

3.which is more corrosive to metal,hardwater or softwater?

B.Thangagiri

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 03:53:05 UTC

My Dear Mech-B and Civil students Wish you all a very happy and Safe Dewali!

Refractories Introduction

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:02:26 UTC

Manufacture of Refractories

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:10:29 UTC

Refractories Manufacturing and its Properties

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:21:51 UTC

Refractories Manufacturing and its Properties

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:28:38 UTC

Lubricant

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:35:15 UTC

Lubricant

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:50:16 UTC

Lubricant and Lubricantion

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:51:36 UTC

Mechanism of Lubrications

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:54:06 UTC

How Lubricants Works?

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:54:54 UTC

Properties of Lubricant

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 06:56:44 UTC

Vicosity Index (VI)

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:06:20 UTC

Structur of Graphite

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:16:12 UTC

Chain Lubrication with Graphite

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:18:05 UTC

Structure of Mo

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:22:35 UTC

Structure of Molybdenumdisulphide with Graphite

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:25:24 UTC

Nanomaterials Nanotechnology, The Technology of Future

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:26:23 UTC

What is Nanomaterial?, Classification of Nanomaterials

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:32:06 UTC

Nanotechnology for Targeted Cancer Therapy

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:32:34 UTC

Nanotechnology - Revolutionizing medicine and healthcare

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:34:52 UTC

Nanotechnology Applications - Samsung Smartphones

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:36:16 UTC

Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs)

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:37:10 UTC

What is a carbon nanotube?

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:41:48 UTC

Carbon Nanotubes

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:45:02 UTC

Synthesis of CNTs:

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:47:27 UTC

NanoMaterials: From Synthesis to Applications

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:48:28 UTC

Question Bank for Unit -V Fuels and Combustion

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:54:41 UTC

PART–A (2 Mark Question including Problems)

Calculate the net calorific value of a coal sample containing 7% elemental hydrogen,given that its GCV is 8828 kcal/kg.
Calculate the gross and net calorific value of coal having following composition: C =84%, S = 1.5%, N = 0.6%, H = 5.5% and O = 8.4%.
Calculate the net calorific value, if the gross calorific value is 2550 cal/g and contains 6.5% H.
What is flue gas?
Define calorific value with its types.
Write the characteristics of a good fuel.
Distinguish between coal and coke.
Why is coke used in metallurgical process than coal? (OR) what are the requisites of good coke for metallurgy?
Mention the two advantages of using alcohol-gasoline blends in I.C. engine.
Why a good fuel must have low ash content?
Name the reagent used for absorbing CO₂, CO and O₂ during flue gas analysis by Orsat apparatus.
Define cetane number. How can it be improved in diesel?
What are the advantages of catalytic cracking over thermal cracking of gasoline?
Define GCV and LCV of a fuel. How they are related?
Define octane number. How can it be improved in petrol?. (OR) What is meant by octane number of gasoline? How can it be improved? (OR) Define octane number. What structural features of hydrocarbons in unleaded petrol make its octane rating on par with leaded petrol?
Select the compound which possesses highest octane number and highest cetane number out of n-hepatane, n-hexadecane, n-octane and iso-octane. Explain why?
Why KOH is preferred to NaOH in the flue gas analysis using Orsat’s apparatus for CO₂?
What is the drawback of presence of sulphur in the coal?
Define the terms: (a) Cracking. and (b) Knocking with chemical structure..
What is the cause of knocking in internal combustion engine? Name a commonly used antiknocking compound.
Distinguish between proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of coal.
In the catalytic process, catalyst requires regeneration. Give reason.
What are the advantages of compressed natural gas?
Give the composition and uses of water gas (or) blue gas.
Define calorific value. Mention its units.
What are the uses of LPG?

PART–B (8 Mark Question)

What is flue gas analysis? How is it carried out by Orsat’s process? (OR) With a neat diagram explain the analysis of flue gas by Orsat apparatus and mention the precautions to be followed during the analysis.
Describe the manufacture of gasoline by Fischer-Tropsch method?
Describe the manufacturing of metallurgical coke by Otto Hoffman’s method. List out by-product.
What is synthetic petrol? How is it manufactured by Bergius process?
What are LPG and CNG? Discuss the advantages of LPG over gaseous fuel and CNG over LPG.

PART–B (8 Mark Question including Problems)

By using Dulong’s formula, calculate the approximate calorific value of a sample of coal in cal g^-1. Express the value in joules also. The ultimate analysis of this sample is C = 80%, H = 3.5%, S = 2.8%, N = 1.0%, O = 5.0% and ash = 7.7%.
Calculate the gross and net calorific value of coal having the following compositions: C = 85%, H = 8%, S = 1%, N = 2%, ash = 4%.
A coal sample has the following composition C = 81%, H₂ = 5%, S = 1%, O₂ = 8.5%, N₂ = 1.5% and ash = 3%. Find the gross and net calorific value of the sample. Given that the caloric values of C, H and S are 8060 Kcal/Kg, 34000 Kcal/Kg and 2200 Kcal/Kg respectively.
A coal sample has the following composition by weight: C = 90%, O = 3.0%, S = 0.5%, N = 0.5 and ash = 2.5%. Net calorific value of the coal was found to be 8490.5 kCal / kg. Calculate the percentage of hydrogen and higher calorific value of coal.
A sample of coal contains 87% carbon, 2% hydrogen, 1% oxygen, 1% sulphur and 9% ash. Calculate the theoretical weight and volume at NTP, of air required for complete combustion of 1 kg of the sample of coal.
Calculate the total air required for the complete combustion of a gaseous fuel, which gives the following composition: H₂ = 48%, CH₄ = 35%, CO = 15% and N₂ = 2%.
A sample of coal was found to have the following percentage composition: C = 75%,H₂ = 5.2%, S = 1.2%, O₂ = 12.8%, N₂ = 3.7% and ash = 2.1%. Find the minimum amount of air required for complete combustion.
Calculate the volume of the air required for the complete combustion of 1 dm³ of the gaseous fuel having the following composition by volume: H₂ = 50%, CH₄ = 36%, N₂= 1.5%, CO = 6%, C₂H₄ = 4% & H₂O vapour =2.5 %.
A sample of coal was found to contain the following C = 81%, H = 4%, O = 2%, S = 2% and remaining being ash. Estimate the quantity of minimum air required for the complete composition of 3 kg of the sample.
Calculate the amount of minimum air required for complete combustion of 2 kg of coal sample with 80% carbon, 5% hydrogen, 1% oxygen, 2% nitrogen and 12% ash.
A gas used in an internal combustion engine had the following composition by volume: H₂ = 50%, CH₄ = 30%, CO = 15%, N₂ = 5%. Find the volume of air required for the combustion of 1 dm³ of the gas.
A coal sample on analysis gives C = 80%, S = 1%, H = 4.5%, O = 2% and rest ash. Find the theoretical amount of air required per 2 kg of the coal burnt.
A gaseous fuel containing H₂ = 10%, CH₄ = 30%, C₂H₂ = 15%, C₄H₁₀ = 25% and C₂H₆ = 20% by volume was burnt in 10% excess of theoretical air by mass required for complete combustion. Find out the analysis of dry products of combustion.
A boiler fired with a coal with composition C = 75%, H = 9%, O = 4%, N = 3% and ash = 7%. Calculate (a) Gross and net calorific value of 1 kg of coal (latent heat of steam = 587 kcal/kg); (b) minimum theoretical air required for composition of 1 kg of coal by weight and by volume and (c) percentage composition of dry flue gas, if 25% excess air is used?
A hydrocarbon fuel on buring give a flue gas of the following volume percentage composition. CO₂ = 9.39, N₂ = 83.23 and O₂ = 7.38. Determine the composition of fuel by weight and also the percentage of air used in excess?

Unit

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:54:45 UTC

Unit -V Fuels and Combustion

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 07:55:17 UTC

MODULE-V FUELS AND COMBUSTION: Fuels – Classification – Calorific value (Problems using Dulong’s formula) – Coal – proximate and ultimate analysis – Hydrogenation of coal – Petroleum – processing and fractions – cracking – catalytic cracking and methods – knocking – octane number and cetane number – synthetic petrol – Fischer-Tropsch and Bergius processes – Gaseous fuels – Natural gas, CNG and LPG – Flue gas analysis – Orsat apparatus – Combustion – theoretical calculation of air (Problems on calculation of weight of air only).
Module Overview: This module deals with most common solid fuels, liquid fuels and gaseous fuels. The combustion part explains flue gas analysis.

Fuel and Combustion

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 09:04:45 UTC

Chemistry of Nanoscale Materials

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 09:59:28 UTC

Comparision of Solid, Liquid and Gaseous fuel

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:05:53 UTC

Solid Fuel: Coal - The Classification of Coal

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:06:38 UTC

Analysis of Coal: Proximate and Ultimate analysis

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:21:29 UTC

Hydrogenation of Coal (or) Synthesis of gasoline from coal

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:26:30 UTC

Fischer-Tropsh Reaction

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:42:47 UTC

Fischer Tropsch synthesis - an introduction

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:46:53 UTC

Bergius Process

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:48:52 UTC

The Role of Synthetic Fuel in Nazi Germany During World War II

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:50:32 UTC

The Role of Synthetic Fuel in Nazi Germany During World War II

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:57:40 UTC

Petroleum fractination process

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 10:58:03 UTC

Distillation of Crude petroleum oil

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 11:08:27 UTC

Liquid fuel - Petrol by Oil Drilling

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 11:09:06 UTC

The Crude Oil Fractions and their uses

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 11:11:02 UTC

Petroleum and its refining - Chemistry

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 11:11:25 UTC

d

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 11:20:11 UTC

Cracking and Reforming in petroleum refining

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:22:18 UTC

Moving Bed (or) Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:28:51 UTC

Comparision between catalytic cracking, thermal cracking and steam cracking

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:33:13 UTC

Fixed Bed Reactor

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:34:12 UTC

Crude Oil Cracking Reforming and Isomerisation

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:37:51 UTC

Octane Ratings Explained

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:42:19 UTC

Cetane Number

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:42:35 UTC

Gaseous fuel – Natural ga

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:43:29 UTC

Octane Number

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:44:23 UTC

What is Natural Gas?

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:44:31 UTC

A History of Natural Gas

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:47:08 UTC

The Technology of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:48:23 UTC

Gaseous fuel – Compressed Natural gas (CNG)

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:50:15 UTC

Gaseous fuel – Liquified Petrolum Gas (LPG)

thangagiri — 2015-11-11 13:58:03 UTC