Week 9 lesson 2 by Usic https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9 en-us 2022-03-14 12:38:40 UTC 2026-01-09 01:03:13 UTC hello@padlet.com Group2 https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097867882 1. At least in anti-drug laws, it is colorblind. Different groups of people vary in their level of involvement in crime, and their different political positions make some of the laws colorblind.
2. Yes. Culture is a way of life formed by human history. Crime is closely related to human social life. Therefore, crime is closely related to culture. Crime is anti-social culture and violates the norms of social culture, and the judgment of crime is firstly a kind of cultural judgment and cultural understanding
3. The justice system in the United States is considered a non-system for two reasons. Firstly, because there is no centralized authority. 50，000 agencies enforce the law on behalf of various federal, state, local and tribal authorities.
Secondly, each agency cooperates with each other using a set of protocols and arrangements, but largely act independently.
]]> 2022-03-16 11:54:54 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097867882 Group 1 asalama11 https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097876134 1. We look at the data behind America's prison justice system and how race may impact different people's experience with it. One of the biggest consequences of the current criminal justice system is the impact it has on minority communities with whole generations condemned to a vicious cycle of incarcerations. It also aggravates social economic and racial inequalities. 
2. Yes, a large body of research has been produced on race effects at all stages of the criminal justice system, but they are complex interactions rather than simplistic processes. Some studies find direct race discrimination in the criminal justice system, while other studies find race effects and cultural norms in specific situations, contexts, or jurisdictions. Without a doubt, great racial disparities and overrepresentation of minorities exist at all decision points in criminal justice processing, and have significant social consequences, but they may not all reflect race biases.
3. The US criminal justice system is very superficial, they use juries to judge, and it is very difficult for people of color to achieve real equality in the United States. Because they can easily be biased in the judicial structure. One of the US greatest consequences of the current criminal justice system is its impact on minority communities ,a vicious cycle of sentences to incarceration for entire generations. It also exacerbates socioeconomic and racial inequalities.]]> 2022-03-16 12:00:02 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097876134 group 3 jwang326 https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097877851 1.Yes, the United States is so good at pushing its citizens to the margins that they dwarf all other racial disparities in an already racially unbalanced criminal justice system. The disparities are so great that any notion that justice in America is colour blind is in jeopardy.
2.Culture influences crime as different social groups compete with each other in the definition of crime.45 This competition represents a contest of different cultural forces. The competition over the definition of crime thus provides a 'feedback mechanism', so that crime influences culture and culture in turn influences crime.
3.Unjust laws are laws that do not follow the code of higher morality. Most unjust laws degrade human personalities and qualities. Since the 1980s, the American culture has dealt with a huge deal of unjust laws within the Criminal Justice System. Each agency works with each other using a set of agreements and arrangements but acts largely independently. ]]> 2022-03-16 12:01:19 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097877851 Group 2-A2 jwang347 https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097956422 1.definition: （1）Fraud is an intentionally deceptive action designed to provide the perpetrator with an unlawful gain or to deny a right to a victim（2）Money laundering is the process of converting large amounts of money obtained from criminal activities, such as drug trafficking, into legal sources.
Fraud is considered a predicate crime for money laundering because it involves the use of deception or dishonesty to generate illicit proceeds, which must then be laundered to hide their criminal origin and embed them in the legitimate financial system

2.（1）In fiscal year 2020, 755 money laundering offenders were sentenced in the federal system. Since fy16, there has been a 30.4% reduction in money laundering crimes.
（2）In 2020, the state with the highest cost of fraud complaints was California, which paid out about $400.91 million to fraudsters. The second-highest loss was Texas, which paid out about $200.5 million to fraudsters.

3.（1）Money laundering undermines financial sector institutions that are critical to economic growth, fosters crime and corruption that slow economic growth, and reduces the efficiency of the real sector of the economy.（2） A scam can destroy a company, ruin their life savings, ruin a family, or cost investors billions of dollars (or even all three).

4. （1）solution to corporate fraud
The risk and compliance program should ensure employees fully understand what constitutes fraud and have the tools to report it when it occurs. Employees are the first line of defense, and are often aware of unethical business practices and corporate corruption. A fully integrated, risk-based system that includes policies, training, open lines of communication and third party risk management can help the organization mitigate the risk of fraud.
（2）Solutions to money laundering
There are three major steps in money laundering (placement, layering, and integration), and various controls are put in place to monitor suspicious activity that could be involved in money laundering. For example, record management, software filtering and new technology.
]]> 2022-03-16 12:50:12 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097956422 Group 1 - A2 asalama11 https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097962189 1. White-collar crime refers to fraud committed by business and government agents. The purpose of these crimes is to obtain money or avoid losses for one's own sake, crimes for personal or commercial gain. Also, White-collar crime; coined in 1939 to refer to fraud without resorting to violent crime such as force.
2. A single scam can destroy a company, destroy a family, deplete their life savings, or cost investors billions of dollars (or even all three).
3. According to the FBI, white-collar crime is known to cause damage to the United States, amounting to $ 300 billion a year. Although the government typically blames individuals for white-collar crimes, the government has the power to punish companies for these crimes.
4. Screen employees properly and timeously. Maintain a strict segregation of duties. Ensure you have a good, anonymous tip-off line. Priorities an internal audit function and make sure it is effective. Use powerful software to perform exception monitoring in real time.

]]> 2022-03-16 12:53:20 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097962189 Group 3 A2 https://padlet.com/usictech/2uoazzxnbfxg2gf9/wish/2097977112 1. Corporate fraud: refers to illegal activities undertaken by an individual or company that are done in a dishonest or unethical manner. Often, this kind of business fraud is designed to give an advantage to the perpetrating individual or company.    Money laundering : is the illegal process of making large amounts of money generated by a criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source.
2. Current statistics in the UK/US/ any other chosen country 
About $227.8 million money laundering in USA in 2020 according to our calculation that based 2020 Money Laundering Offense Report (Total estimate amount to be $300 Billion each year).22.0% money laundering amounts greater than $1.5 million. 20.3% money laundering amounts of $40,000 or less. 
3. Damages  
Money laundering allows criminals to hide and accumulate wealth, avoid prosecution, evade taxes, increase profits through reinvestment, and fund further criminal activity.
4. Solutions ： United States 
To combat this criminal activity, Congress passed the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, which requires banks to report any financial transactions of $10,000.01 or more. Congress followed up this Act sixteen years later with the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986, which rendered money laundering a federal crime. In 2001, Congress passed the USA Patriot Act, which expanded the scope of reporting responsibilities and included more types of financial institutions in an effort to combat the financing of terrorist activities.  
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