https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5 Madison Voss, Brooklyn Bohman, and Loryn Jakobi en-us 2021-04-12 16:02:40 UTC 2025-05-14 13:50:26 UTC hello@padlet.com jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1421898565 “ De jure segregation is the legally allowed or enforced separation of groups of people” (Longley).
https://www.thoughtco.com/de-jure-segregation-definition-4692595]]> 2021-04-15 16:21:20 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1421898565 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1422851038 Jim Crow laws were the laws that white Southerners had created to deprive African Americans of basic rights (Levy 11).]]> 2021-04-15 19:34:58 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1422851038 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1422871974 https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/black-codes-and-jim-crow-laws/
This image shows a colored person drinking from the water fountain designated for colored people.

]]> 2021-04-15 19:39:50 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1422871974 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1422903308 African Americans faced segregation in transportation.  Jim Crow Cars were created which referred to the idea that colored people would not be able to ride in the same cars, trains, or buses as whites.  Diane Nash, who was a civil rights activist said that traveling for blacks in the south was humiliating due to the segregation.

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedom-riders-jim-crow-laws/]]> 2021-04-15 19:48:03 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1422903308 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1425357220 “racial, ethnic, or other segregation resulting from societal differences between groups, as socioeconomic or political disparity, without institutionalized legislation intended to segregate” (dictionary.com)]]> 2021-04-16 13:37:18 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1425357220 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1430718054 “I looked for a seat away from them, but although the bus was almost empty, only the rear was reserved for us and there was nothing to do but move back with them” (Ellison 151).  This quote shows how IM was forced to sit in the back of the bus because that was the area that was reserved for colored people.]]> 2021-04-18 22:36:56 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1430718054 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1430943154 Segregation occurred in the workplace as well. Most African-Americans weren’t hired by white-owned businesses. If they were hired, they weren’t allowed to use the same equipment, doorways, stairs, or elevators. In some places they completely separated them into their own space, so there was no interaction between the African American workers and the white workers (Sharp 27).]]> 2021-04-19 00:56:44 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1430943154 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1430957413 Jim Crow started as a character, by Thomas Dartmouth Rice, and ended up creating a stereotype for blacks (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”).
https://www.britannica.com/summary/Jim-Crow-Laws-Timeline]]> 2021-04-19 01:02:45 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1430957413 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1431001344 This is the period between when slavery is abolished and when the Jim Crow laws come into play. The south came up with their own laws known as the black code laws, which limit where blacks could work and what they would receive for pay (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”). #blackcodelaws]]> 2021-04-19 01:21:44 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1431001344 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1431023084 African Americans faced segregation in the military. White officers would insult African Americans. They also had to live in their own quarters and were given weapons that were old and didn’t work as well (Sharp 35).]]> 2021-04-19 01:30:25 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1431023084 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433682917 Many white refer to the Blacks as Negro “problems” (Packard 83).]]> 2021-04-19 15:35:27 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433682917 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433724304 “ ‘I was trying to tell you that I know many things about you-not you personally, but fellows like you’ “ (Ellison 187).  This quote displays how a white man interacted with Invisible Man.  He was being stereotypical about black men by saying that he knows things about him and his race.]]> 2021-04-19 15:42:54 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433724304 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433734555 Roosevelt asked Booker T. Washington for dinner at the White House.  South Carolina’s senator, Benjamin’s “Pitchfork” Tillman was furious with the actions of Roosevelt and respond with “the action of President Roosevelt in entertaining that n***** will necessitate our killing a thousand n***** in the South before they will learn their place again” (Packard 80). #senatorsmad ]]> 2021-04-19 15:44:52 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433734555 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433863765 https://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/african-american-workers-20thc.htm
This image shows how all of the African Americans were working together as postal workers.  They were unable to be clerks due to their skin color.]]> 2021-04-19 16:08:52 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433863765 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433884025 “White people had moved out of the neighborhood in the early 1900s, when African Americans from the South started heading north to Chicago” (Levy 39).]]> 2021-04-19 16:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433884025 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433885023 In the North, it was hard for African Americans to find a home in most of the neighborhoods. There were many neighborhoods in the North that were just for African Americans.]]> 2021-04-19 16:12:36 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433885023 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433957769 https://www.thoughtco.com/de-jure-segregation-definition-4692595
This image shows how people could be fined if they did not sit in the correct areas on buses.]]> 2021-04-19 16:25:30 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433957769 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433960868 The official start of the Jim Crow Laws, Hall v. DeCuir, which states “that states cannot prohibit segregation on common carriers such as railroads, streetcars, and riverboats.” This resulted in sitting separately in any of these carriers (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”).]]> 2021-04-19 16:26:04 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1433960868 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1434645400 While there are not laws that promote segregation in schools, kids tend to go to schools located near their homes.  When white people moved out of the neighborhoods as colored people moved in, it led to mainly black communities.  This led to schools in which are primarily of color (Longley).  #defacto#notfair 
https://www.thoughtco.com/de-facto-segregation-definition-4692596]]> 2021-04-19 18:32:59 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1434645400 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1434664745 https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/the-return-of-school-segregation-in-eight-charts/
This is an image showing a school for African Americans.

]]> 2021-04-19 18:36:49 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1434664745 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438100515 “Separate but equal”, Supreme Court rules that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”). #seperatebutequal]]> 2021-04-20 14:23:56 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438100515 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438116336 Louisiana Separate Car Act of 1890, states that blacks and white must be in separate railroad cars, “equal but separate accommodation” (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”).]]> 2021-04-20 14:26:42 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438116336 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438150618 This day in history was the main reason the Jim Crow Law era lasted so long.  Plessy v. Ferguson ruled against the black citizens, maintaining the Separate Car Act (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”). ]]> 2021-04-20 14:32:47 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438150618 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438244178 The Jim Crow Laws continued to spread over these 50 years. Many areas of life have be segregated including churches, schools, sports, businesses, hospitals, and parks. Miscegenation laws are created making it illegal for whites and blacks to marry cohabitate. (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”). ]]> 2021-04-20 14:49:58 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438244178 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438255911 Ku Klux Klan and Lynch mobs attacked blacks during their protests making it hard for them to protest of resist the Jim Crow laws (Jim Crow Laws Timeline”). #kukluxklan
https://www.britannica.com/summary/Jim-Crow-Laws-Timeline]]> 2021-04-20 14:52:06 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438255911 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438277584 https://upfront.scholastic.com/issues/2019-20/030920/the-jim-crow-north.html
The lynch mobs would use anything they can to fight the Blacks, many of the blacks were outnumbers during these time as well.  ]]> 2021-04-20 14:56:13 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438277584 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438394696 This is the start of the down fall of the Jim Crow Laws. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that “separate but equal” is unconstitutional, it states that it creates inequalities in education and  black children end up with psychological harm as well (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”). #seperatebutequal#not]]> 2021-04-20 15:17:49 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438394696 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438474710 The end of the Jim Crow law era congress passed multiple laws to lessen discrimination and segregation (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”).

• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Civil Rights Act of 1965
• Fair Housing Act of 1968

]]> 2021-04-20 15:32:44 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438474710 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438511314 Another court case was ruled unconstitutional, Loving v. Virginia 1967, which ruled that the miscegenation laws were unconstitutional which, along with the the laws passed, help end the Jim Crow laws . (“Jim Crow Laws Timeline”). ]]> 2021-04-20 15:39:23 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438511314 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438693177 He was born a slave.  He had hopes to be educated, so he traveled from a small farm in Virginia to Hampton Institute in order to get an education. Later, he started working with white southerners and and Northern philanthropists to turn a broken down building into a school.  When Washington was to give a speech in 1895, after he became a national hero, he publicly accepted social segregation, but also states why it was important for a black man to get an education.  He also founded the Tuskegee Institute (“The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow. Jim Crow Stories . Booker T. Washington: PBS.”). #blackeducation

https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_booker.html

]]> 2021-04-20 16:12:38 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438693177 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438778158 White’s schools got more funding compared to black’s, on average for every one dollar that goes to white’s schools, fifty cents goes to black’s schools (“Living with Segregation”). 
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/partners-living-segregation/]]> 2021-04-20 16:28:16 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438778158 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438906335 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/26/racial-segregation-on-us-inter-state-transport-to-end-archive-1955
White had separate waiting rooms to use public transportation, each waiting room led to the different sections they needed to sit. 

]]> 2021-04-20 16:52:27 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438906335 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438935203 https://www.vox.com/2018/3/15/17124620/green-book-black-americans-travel-segregation
Many businesses only sold to white people. ]]> 2021-04-20 16:57:56 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1438935203 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1439042648 Many African Americans were forced off their farm lands because they feared violence. African Americans would be threatened to leave their land. Once African Americans would flee their property, it was easy for white people to take ownership of the land. Not only was their violence over farm land, African Americans would face property damage. Their equipment would either be broken or stolen, their mules were poisoned, and their crops were destroyed (Sharp 57).]]> 2021-04-20 17:17:48 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1439042648 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1439737672 “ ‘Let me get at that big n*****!’... ‘Let me at those black sonabitches!’... ‘I want to get at that gingered-colored n*****.  Tear him limb from limb’ “(Ellison 21).  This quote shows the disrespectful words that were yelled at the colored people who were forced to fight in front of a crowd.  The fight itself embarrassed the people of color and these harsh words being shouted out to them made it worse.]]> 2021-04-20 19:42:09 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1439737672 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1439816527 Ida bought a first class train ticket, but because she was black she was ordered to go to the Jim Crow car (black’s car). When she refused because she bought the ticket, the conductor ejected her from the train, she then sued and won at first, but then it got reversed in an appeals court. Later in life, she was editor of a newspaper, “THE FREE SPEECH AND HEADLIGHT”.  She wrote about the violence against black, poor schools, and failure of blacks to fight for their rights. Because of this she was fired and started her own newspaper. When her friends were lynched, she wrote about it in her paper, and told people to leave Memphis. She wrote many articles about white violence and lynching, exposing herself to danger.  #refuse#violence#writer
https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_wells.html]]> 2021-04-20 20:03:12 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1439816527 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1440002715 “This really was Harlem, and now all the stories which I had heard of the city-within-a-city leaped alive in my mind. The vet had been right: For me this was not a city of realities, but of dreams; perhaps because I had always thought of my life as being confined to the South” (Ellison 159). This quote shows that the North had more opportunities for African Americans than the South did, due to the strict laws prohibiting African Americans from doing a variety of things.]]> 2021-04-20 21:03:06 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1440002715 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1440666298 “Live with your mouth in the lion’s mouth.  I want you to overcome ‘me with yeses, undermine’ em with grins, agree ‘me to death...” (Ellison 16). This quote displays how African Americans were expected to conform to the white’s stereotypes and rules against them. ]]> 2021-04-21 01:56:21 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1440666298 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1442451438 “ ‘College for Negroes... took a hundred years to build?’ “(Ellison 140).  This quote shows how the college that the Invisible Man attended was for colored people only.  Also, the university took a long time to put in place due to segregation and strict laws prohibiting colored people from receiving an education.]]> 2021-04-21 13:25:54 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1442451438 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1442485319 “I spoke even louder in spite of the pain. But still they talked and still they laughed, as though deaf with cotton in dirty ears” (Ellison 30). This quote shows how the white people would talk around and say rude things to the African Americans, as if they were not able to hear the insults.]]> 2021-04-21 13:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1442485319 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1442552417 Segregation took place in many different public areas. Many laundromats around the South would decline African Americans clothes (Sharp 28). In some courthouses, African Americans would be given different bibles than white people to swear on. https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/jim-crow-laws]]> 2021-04-21 13:46:00 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1442552417 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1442562801 https://yogiberramuseum.org/when-baseball-led-america/images/
This image shows a sign that most laundromats would have in the South. ]]> 2021-04-21 13:48:02 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1442562801 bohmab0069 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443134358 “And between the flashing of cars I could see the cop propping himself on his elbows like a drunk trying to get his head up, shaking it and thrusting forward—And somewhere between the dull roar of traffic and the subway vibrating underground I heard rapid explosions... and Clifton still facing the cop and suddenly crumpling (Ellison 436).  In this quote, the harsh treatments that African Americans receive was displayed.  The cop shot the colored man, instead of warning him or just arresting him.]]> 2021-04-21 15:35:56 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443134358 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443175308 https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/booker-t-washington]]> 2021-04-21 15:43:32 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443175308 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443190623 https://www.biography.com/activist/ida-b-wells]]> 2021-04-21 15:46:26 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443190623 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443228373 2021-04-21 15:53:38 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443228373 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443255810 2021-04-21 15:58:54 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443255810 vossm0066 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443313355 “The white folk tell everybody what to think...” (Ellison 143).  This quote shows how white people try to force thoughts on the African Americans.  This leads to the African Americans having to conform to the white’s stereotypes and segregation put in place.]]> 2021-04-21 16:09:54 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443313355 jakobl0172 https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443336846 https://64parishes.org/entry-image/white-and-jim-crow-railcars
This cartoon demonstrates how the blacks got the short end of the stick when it came to transportation because they were forced to sit in the back of the buses, in not great conditions.]]> 2021-04-21 16:14:28 UTC https://padlet.com/vossm0066/2twpcaw24xsttfk5/wish/1443336846