abilities, behaviors, or processes, in order to obtain objective and valid information about their development or functioning.

According to Cohen and Swerdlik (2018), assessment instruments are systematic and structured methods that allow for the reliable collection of data on psychological variables.

Validity → truly measures what it aims to assess.

Reliability → produces consistent and stable results.

Standardization → has uniform rules and procedures for application.

Relevance → useful for the area of development or skill being studied.

Sensitivity → detects small changes in the child's development.

• Cognitive (intelligence, memory, attention).

• Motor (gross and fine coordination).

• Language (comprehension, expression, communication).

• Socio-emotional (interactions, emotional regulation).

• Adaptive (daily living skills).

By type

• Standardized tests (e.g.,
  Bayley Scales).

• Checklists (developmental checklists).

• Observation tools (behavioral records).

• Developmental scales (Denver
  TT DAttAllal

• Name of instrument: Bayley
  Scales of Infant Development
  (Bayley-III)

• Area assessed: Cognitive, motor, language, socioemotional, and adaptive.

• Target age: 1 to 42 months.

• Description: Comprehensively assesses early development in different areas.

• Example in early stimulation:
  Allows identification of language or motor delays to design an intervention plan.

Card 2

• Instrument Name: Battelle
  Developmental Inventory
  (BDI-2)

• Area Assessed:

  Communication, motor skills, cognition, adaptation, and socialization.

  • Target Age: 0 to 7 years.

  • Description: Combines observation, interviews, and structured tests to assess child development.

  • Example in child psychology:

  Detects special educational needs and guides early starventien programs.

E. (2018). Psychological

Testing and Assessment: An Introduction to Tests and Measurement (9th ed.).

McGraw-Hill Education.

• Bayley, N. (2006). Bayley
  Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd ed.). San
  Antonio, TX: Harcourt
  Assessment.

• Newborg, J. (2005). Battelle

• Developmental Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-2).
  Itasca, IL: Riverside
  Publishing.