a major outbreak of cholera that swept across Europe and North America, particularly impacting cities like London, Paris, and New York City, where the disease was brought by immigrant ships, causing widespread panic and a significant number of deaths

Significance:

prompted the passage of the landmark Public Health Act 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c. 63) and the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Acts, 1848 and 1849, in England.

CHOLERA EPIDEMIC OF 1832

Case Western Reserve University

https://case.edu › ech › articles › cholera-epidemic-1832

An American dental surgeon who in 1846 gave the first successful public demonstration of ether anesthesia during surgery.

Significant

That it was the first case of anesthesia used during surgery which would make sure the patients wouldn't be awake during their time with surgery and feel the pain and maybe even mess up the doctor and it could risk their life.

William Thomas Green Morton | Dentistry, Anesthesia & Surgery

Britannica

https://www.britannica.com › ... › Medicine

she was the first woman to get a medical degree certificate

Significance:

That she was a pioneer in the movement for woman rights and she was considered one of the most influential woman in Bristol.

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell (U.S. National Park Service)

National Park Service (.gov)

https://www.nps.gov › people › dr-elizabeth-blackwell

prominent British surgeon and medical scientist who established the study of antisepsis.

Significant:

He was the first to apply the science of Germ Theory to surgery which means when he did surgery he would keep his items clean to not infect the patients.

Joseph Lister's antisepsis system | Science Museum

Science Museum

https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk › medicine › listers-...

he was one of the founders of bacteriology or which was the study of bacteria.

Significant:

he was one of the pioneers of microbiology which proved that people had to be clean in order not to get sick or to help prevent them from becoming sick.

Robert Koch: One of the founders of microbiology - RKI

RKI

https://www.rki.de › Institute › History › rk_node_en

French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology.

Significance

found pasteurization which was a method that kills all the microscopic organisms in many foods to extend their shelf life.

Louis Pasteur | Biography, Inventions, Achievements, Germ ...

Britannica

https://www.britannica.com › ... › Biology › Biologists

Pasteurization - IDFA - International Dairy Foods Association

idfa.org

https://www.idfa.org › pasteurization

She helped start the United States Children's Bureau, the National Child Labor Committee, and the National Women's Trade Union League. She supported and worked for a women's right to birth control and was a part of the women's suffrage movement. She also lobbied for workplace health and safety.

Significant:

fought for public health care, women's rights, and children's rights while running the Henry Street Settlement and helped to bring health care to the residents of New York's Lower East Side at the turn of the twentieth century

Biography: Lillian Wald - National Women's History Museum

National Women's History Museum

https://www.womenshistory.org › biographies › lillian-...

The idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are naturally better

Significance

That it gave people the opportunity to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality for their own benefits.

Social Darwinism ‑ Definition, Examples, Imperialism | HISTORY

History.com

https://www.history.com › ... › Early 20th Century U.S.

Transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system

Significance:

It produced a new class of wealthy industrialists and a prosperous middle class. It also produced a vastly expanded blue collar working class

Overview | Rise of Industrial America, 1876-1900 | U.S. History ...

Library of Congress (.gov)

https://www.loc.gov › classroom-materials › overview

Industrial Revolution | Definition, History, Dates ... - Britannica

Britannica

https://www.britannica.com › ... › Banking & Business

When work was being offered in cities many people moved there to improve their lives and to find opportunities for work.

Significance:

This allowed the workers to find jobs and to keep the industrial revolution alive with the workers as the base layer of the whole thing.

Urbanization - National Geographic Education

National Geographic Education - National Geographic Society

https://education.nationalgeographic.org › resource › urb...

He was an French physician and musician

significance:

Invented the stethoscope which we still use today to hear the lungs and even the heart.

Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781–1826)

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC1570491

Florence Nightingale was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing.

Significance:

She talked and wrote about housing access, clean air and water, and improved sanitation methods and she put forth the notion that health care is a human right.

What Florence Nightingale Can Teach Us About Nursing Today

The University of Texas at Austin

https://nursing.utexas.edu › news › what-florence-nighti...

How Florence Nightingale Blazed the Trail into Modern Nursing

Rockhurst University

https://onlinedegrees.rockhurst.edu › blog › florence-nig...

she was an author, teacher and reformer. and her efforts on the mentally ill and prisoners helped create dozens of new institutions across the United States and in Europe

Significance:

Played an instrumental role in the founding or expansion of more than 30 hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill.

Dorothea Dix (1802–1887) - PMC

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC1470530

Dorothea Dix - National Women's Hall of Fame

National Women's Hall of Fame

https://www.womenofthehall.org › inductee › dorothea-dix

He was a Hungarian physician who was an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures

Significance:

discovered the cause of puerperal fever and introduced antisepsis into medical practice.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ignaz-Semmelweis

Medicine in stamps-Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC3881728

German physicists, and an only child of a merchant in, and manufacturer of, cloth.

Significance:

Produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1901/rontgen/biographical/

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen | Biography, Discovery, X-Rays ...

Britannica

https://www.britannica.com › ... › Matter & Energy