-Long wavelength radio waves.

-Ground wave is a type of radio propagation which is also known as a surface   wave. 

-Used for transmissions with a low frequency spectrum, typically less than 2 MHz. This method of propagation makes use of large antennas, the order of which is equal to the wavelength of the waves, and propagates through the ground or troposphere. This approach is not used to send signals over long distances. It induces extreme attenuation, which worsens as the frequency of the waves rises.

          · AM
            FM 

           Television broadcasting 

 

-Medium wavelength.

-This type of radio waves include radiated energy that travels in the lower few miles of the earth’s atmosphere.

-A highly gain and horizontally polarized antenna is thus highly recommended.

-Used to propagate electromagnetic waves with a frequency range of 2–30 MHz. Making use of the ionosphere, which is named for the presence of charged ions between 60 and 300 kilometers above the earth's surface. Within a narrow frequency range, these ions serve as a reflecting medium for radio or communication waves. We use the ionosphere's property for long-distance transmission of wave data. 

          Amateur Radio

         CB Radio
         International Broadcasts               

-Short wavelength.

-Above 30 MHz neither ground nor sky wave propagation operates                                 
  -Used for contact over a direct line of sight, also known as LoS. This method of propagation is used in space satellite communication and very high-frequency waves. It entails transmitting a signal from the transmitter to the receiver in a straight line. We must ensure that the height of the transmission tower is sufficient to prevent waves from colliding with the earth's curvature over long distances.

     TV/RADAR communication
    Satellite communications

                                                              

-These waves required a medium for propagation or to travel.

 -Their speed depends on the medium in which it travels.                                   
 -They are produced when the part of medium oscillates and enforce the  adjacent regions to oscillate also, in this way energy is propagated.

 Sound waves                                                                                                                     
 Water waves                                                                                                                    Vibration of string

-Waves in which particles of the medium move vertically in the direction of the wave.

- Waves in which particles move horizontally in the direction of the wave.

· SURFACE WAVES
-Waves in which particles move along the boundary between two medium.
MATTER WAVES
Matter waves are also called De Broglie waves.
-A moving particle carries energy from one place to another in the form of kinetic energy. 

  Waves associated with electron                                                                        
   Waves associated with ball

· -The waves which require no material medium for their propagation are called electromagnetic waves.                                                                                                
   -These waves propagate out in space due to the oscillation of electric and magnetic fields.                                                                                                                            
 -These types of waves are generated through the coupling of an electric field and magnetic field.                                                                                                                        
  -To both the electric and magnetic field, these waves are perpendicular in direction and are also perpendicular to each other.

Light waves                                                                                                                  
   Heat waves                                                                                                                 
   Radio waves
  X-ray waves

  

Rarefaction - is the lowest density point on a medium through which a longitudinal wave is moving.

Wavelength - the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

Amplitude -  the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.

Trough - the lowest point below the rest position.

Wavelength - the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

Examples of Transverse Wave: 

2. X-rays 

3. Ultra Violet (UV)

3.Visible

We often use visible light images to see clouds and to help predict the weather. Because we are blind to many wavelengths of light, it is important to use instruments that can detect different wavelengths of light to help us to study the Earth and the Universe.

4.Infrared

5.Microwaves

6. Radio waves 

            

-Laser is a device that stimulates molecules to emit light at particular wavelengths. The emission generally covers an extremely limited range visible, infrared, or ultraviolet wavelength.

-Laser light has various unique properties such as coherence, monochromacity, directionality, and high intensity. Lasers are used in various applications.

 

FREQUENCY:
-Number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
-Low-frequency sounds produce sound waves less often that high-frequency sounds.

AMPLITUDE:
-The amplitude of a wave defines the maximum displacement of the particles disturbed by the sound wave as it passes through a medium.
-A large amplitude indicates a large sound wave.

TIME PERIOD:
-Each complete wave cycle begins with a trough and ends at the start of the next trough. 
-The time period of a sound wave is the amount of time required to create a complete wave cycle. 
-Each vibration from the sound source produces a wave’s worth of sound.

VELOCITY:
-it tells us how fast the wave is moving and is expressed as meters per second.

-Sounds can boil water- Peter Davey a saxophonist and tinker from New Zealand, claims to have invented the Sonic Boiler, a small system that uses sound waves to boil water almost instantly. Simply put the Sonic Boiler into contained water, and it will boil it in seconds. Since no steam is created, the amount of cold water you start with is the amount you’ll drink until it’s boiled.

-Echolocation- Echolocation is a physiological process that locates distant or invisible objects by using sound waves transmitted back to the emitter (such as a bat) (such as prey). Echolocation is used for orientation, obstacle avoidance, food procurement, and social interactions. High-frequency sounds are used by bats and dolphins to see their surroundings by listening to the reverberation of the atmosphere and forming a mental image of where they are.

 

 

 

-It is the science that deals with the study of sound and its production, transmission, and effects.

Acoustical Engineering - someone working in the field of acoustics technology.

Acoustic Energy 

Transduction Process - The process in which some other form of energy is converted into sonic energy producing a sound wave. Wave propagation is the key process in any acoustic event. Sound propagates in liquids as a pressure wave and in solids as longitudinal or transverse waves.

Environmental Noise - Environmental Acoustics is concerned with vibration and noise caused by roadways.

Musical Acoustics - Musical acoustics is concerned with the study of physics of music i.e., how sounds are used to make music.

Ultrasounds - Ultrasounds are the sounds with a frequency greater than the human audible limit.
Infrasounds - Infrasounds are the sounds with a frequency of less than 20 Hz.

Vibration and Dynamics - It is the study of how mechanical systems vibrate and interact with their environment.

Ibn al-Haitham - is called as the father of optics and describer of vision theory.

In physics, the term light also refers to electromagnetic radiation of different kinds of wavelengths, whether it is visible to the naked eye or not. Hence, by this, the gamma rays, microwaves,  X-rays, and radio waves are also types of light.

Optics is the study of the wave properties of light, which can be grouped into 3 categories:

Acoustic waves are more closely related to sound waves and are mostly involved in what you refer to as mechanical waves. Optics, on the other hand, is concerned with electromagnetic phenomena such as light. They both rely on the amount of wave a medium releases, which decreases as it encounters resistance, and their waves bounce, but the difference is that sound can pass through anything if it is strong enough, while optics can only pass through gas, liquid, and small solids, as well as thin mediums or clear, translucent things (glass). In addition, optics can be seen when sounds can be heard, and optics travels faster in the air while slower in water.

In conclusion, The fields of acoustics and optics are completely different. Certain phenomena, such as distortion, diffraction, and standing wave formation, can appear to be identical, but acoustics deals with sound waves, or more broadly, mechanical waves, while optics deals with electromagnetic waves, or light.