Revolutions in Thought Assesment- World History Period 7, Nitya Pandit by Nitya Pandit

Thesis

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-06 19:08:59 UTC

A successful revolution in thought is caused by a thirst for knowledge, sustained by scholars and evidenced by innovations in inventions.

Causes for Revolution in Thought

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-06 19:10:08 UTC

Evidence of Revolutions in Thought

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-06 19:10:48 UTC

Sustaining Revolutions in Thought - "Is there a way to prevent revolutions in thought from ending"

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-06 19:12:15 UTC

House of Wisdom

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-06 19:16:14 UTC

The kinds of innovations that represent revolutions in thought were in Islam through the House of Wisdom during the late 700 and 800 where they studied algebra, the invention of an astrolabe, the study of diseases and optics led to an educated society. “In ninth-century Baghdad the Caliph Abu al-Abbas al-Mamun set up an institute, the House of Wisdom, to translate manuscripts. Among the first works rendered into Arabic was the Alexandrian astronomer Ptolemy's ''Great Work,'' which described a universe in which the Sun, Moon, planets and stars revolved around Earth; Al-Magest, as the work was known to Arabic scholars, became the basis for cosmology for the next 500 years.” (Overbye) The House of Wisdom included a community of scientists and scholars who were invited to solve problems; it was also known as a library for preserving knowledge. The problem solvers united and developed various concepts such as the foundation of cosmology throughout the course of 500 years.

Science and Mathametics- a way Islam could have prevented the end to their revolution in thought.

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-11 15:12:11 UTC

In Islam because of the advancements in science and mathematics. From the House of Wisdom, scholars were brought in to mainly solve problems but also exchange thoughts. Scholars made remarkable contributions to astronomy, mathematics and physics. Al-tusi was an astronomer and philosopher who “thrived” on “publishing works on astronomy, ethics, mathematics and philosophy”( Overybye) Islamic are of great importance for numerous academic contributions, their role in guarding and passing down cultural heritage, and their impact on the philosophical and scientific advancements that have molded the islamic world as well as other areas. But despite the intellect's strong structure, Islam was unable to avoid their demise. Islam’s House of Wisdom was primarily used for scholarly activities, but also used for translating. The intellects translated languages like Persian, and greek. This translation allowed the islam civilization to transfer knowledge from other various areas to the islamic world. Although with a thirst for knowledge things can slip. In the 1000’s the Muslims shared Greek medical words with Europeans which allowed them to pull islam’s knowledge to Europe and use it for their own benefit. (Source: Timeline) In the 800’s the “Astrolabe was highly developed and used in Islamic World by this point; used to help them figure out their location in relation to Mecca” (Timeline) Islam’s creation permitted them to figure out the whereabouts in relations to Mecca, but even if it benefited them with the knowledge they accessed to the Europeans it granted them the information and design of the astrolabe and many more inventions. Which is why in the 1100's the Europeans introduced the astrolabe to europe and so forth. In result to the sharing of knowledge it led to the fall of Islam and the revolution in thought. In summary, the ways to prevent a revolution in thought from ending is to keep the knowledge you have gained and the inventions you have created to oneself and to be careful on who you share the knowledge with.

The Spread of Islam

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-11 22:19:17 UTC

To start a successful revolution in thought a culture must have an eagerness for learning. The spread of Islam is an excellent example of this, “Jews, Christians and Muslims all participated in this flowering of science, art, medicine and philosophy, which endured for at least 500 years and spread from Spain to Persia.”(OveryBye) Islam was the “Zenith'' of the world.

Compass + Standardized Testing

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-20 21:50:37 UTC

Moreover, "Chinese scholars organically developed a demanding invention in knowledge transmitton and state control. The standardized test." (Crash Course) The state test was administered by the government which allowed China to promote education. In addition, it also allowed citizens to move up the social hierarchy. This endorsed education because at this time people wanted to produce larger amounts of money. As a result of a higher knowledge, China's innovations began to expand, constructing a significant amount of innovations like the magnetic compass. The magnetic compass which was created in the 1100's is known to be one of the most important creations known till today. With the help of the compass it allows users to navigate which way they need to go. Either east, west, north, or south. Furthermore, the design led to exploration, and the widespread of intelligence across a variety of cultures.

Song Dynasty

27panditn1_1 — 2023-12-26 18:28:03 UTC

At the same time China faced a shift in leadership in the 960’s. “…chinese military general Zhao Kuangyin, who had been the dominant military power during the late Zhou dynasty, usurped the throne and began the Song dynasty. After taking over the throne, Zhao Kuangyin became known as Emperor Taizu, and his rule was called the Northern Song dynasty.” (ABC-CLIO) New strategies evolved as a result of this shift including providing a boost of higher-level military buildup and a newly created professional military that supported his dynasty. Additionally technological advancements like the use of gunpowder, stronger steel arrow tips, and the ability to launch explosives and fire were used to strengthen the armies. A great deal of what China is today was constructed during the Song Dynasty, whose innovations are still in use today.

The Scientific Revolution

27panditn1_1 — 2024-01-10 21:21:37 UTC

By the same token throughout Europe, the printing press which was developed in 1440 began to gain recognition. The printing press made it feasible to manufacture books along with other printed data in huge quantities. This important role allowed scientists to publicize their ideas, presenting their ideas to a larger group of people such as academics, citizens, and students. In 1687 Isaac Newton, known for his greatest discoveries of the laws of motion and gravitation published a book by the name “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica”. In which he explains his laws of motion and gravitation. “The Principia deals primarily with massive bodies in motion, initially under a variety of conditions and hypothetical laws of force in both non-resisting and resisting media, thus offering criteria to decide, by observations, which laws of force are operating in phenomena that may be observed.” (Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica) Such concepts not just from Newton but from other scientists essentially changed how people saw the topic of physics, astronomy, mathematics, biology, etc. The Scientific Revolution caused the creation of new mastery, social structures, and the establishment of numerous modern scientists.

The Printing Press

27panditn1_1 — 2024-01-10 22:03:56 UTC

In addition Europe’s printing press revolutionized the making, sharing, and consumption of information. The printing press allowed people to do a variety of things that now have an intense impact on knowledge, culture, and our society. The printing press created by Johannes Gutenburg in the 1440's was very popular. The printing press permitted the mass production of books of a new access to knowledge. Books were pretty expensive but with the use of the printing press it allowed for the production of books at a cheaper cost. Also allowing for scholars to use their ideas and knowledge to set a stage for modern day science. An example could be through Gaileo’s (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems.) A book created by Gaileo, comparing the Copernican system, a revolutionary astronomical system and the traditional Ptolemaic system. All in All, with the access of the printing press, it hastened the spread of knowledge, discoveries, and literacy in Europe.

Scientific Revolution and the Printing Press- a way europe could have prevented an end to their revolution in thought

27panditn1_1 — 2024-01-11 02:57:56 UTC

and finally in Europe a revolution in thought endured over time because of the scientific revolution and the printing press. The scientific revolution allowed scientists, scholars, astronomers and philosophers to spread their ideas leading to new knowledge, to new advancements and greater theories and innovations. Itellects such as copernicus, galileo, newton and kepler introduced various ways of comprehending the natural world. Theories such as the heliocentric theory, the laws of motion and gravitation revolutionized the understanding of the solar system. “Galileo discovered many new things: that the Moon was not smooth, but had many craters and mountains; that Jupiter had four moons, thus disproving the theory that only Earth was orbited by a natural satellite; and that the phases of Venus could not be explained correctly within the traditional Earth-centered model of the universe. Galileo published these findings in 1610 in his work Sidereus Nuncius (The Sidereal Messenger), wherein he explicated his support of the Copernican heliocentric model.” (ABC-CLIO) With these findings it allowed for a spread of power in mind. The reason in which the printing press allowed a revolution in thought to endure over time is because of how it allowed these scientists to spread their ideas on to a piece of paper in which the civilians could affordably purchase and read to expand their intelligence. But without scholars these specific innovations would be nonexistent and the revolution would have ended early. Throughout three revolutions in thought, China, Islam, and Europe. Europe did end up lasting the longest based on one term. A thirst for knowledge, but also a greediness. In the 1000's when Muslim shared their knowledge with Europe, the Europeans took advantage of it and started using their knowledge for their own benefits in order to keep their structure strong. Which is when they started using Islam’s invention, the astrolabe in the 800’s. The Europeans adopted many cultures' intelligence to keep their revolution in thought continuous which is why they took it all the way to the end of 1700. Europeans could have shifted themselves to new priorities and new challenges. Even though their revolution in thought ended it could have ended for good reasons. So in result to this, the way to prevent a revolution in thought from ending is to emerge new ideas with your own even in response to a change of circumstance. And to even adapt new ideas for others, using their knowledge to evolve your own.

Inventions- a way china can prevent a revolution in thought from ending.

27panditn1_1 — 2024-01-11 13:08:07 UTC

.At the same time in China a revolution in thought endured over time because of the inventions that they created over time, it played a crucial role in shaping China’s figure as well. China’s extensive history of inventions, which includes gunpowder, compass, and papermaking, reflects the country’s superiority in both art and science. “Though invented much earlier by the Chinese, wood blocking for printing became popular during the Song dynasty. As a result, book printing became much easier and more widespread. The availability of inexpensive texts increased literacy, thus creating a new middle class in China.” (ABC-CLIO) China’s innovative thinking with its creations allowed it to become more stable and develop faster; therefore, allowing China's revolution in thought to be continuous. The Song Dynasty maintained their revolution in thought by relying on keeping their economy strong, promoting social exchange, encouraging the social exchange, and inventing the same atmosphere where none are restricted from promoting new thoughts and inventions.