Kirstyn Boykin by Kirstyn Boykin https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w Clostridium tetani en-us 2020-11-29 06:50:01 UTC 2020-11-29 22:14:33 UTC hello@padlet.com Clostridium tetani klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969097232
  • bacteria
  • anaerobic
  • gram-positive
  • spore-forming
  • found in soil, animal feces
  • rod-shaped, drumstick like appearance
  • produces 2 exotoxins: (1)tetanolysin, (2)tetanospasmin (neurotoxin, which causes tetanus)
    • ]]>     2020-11-29 18:16:50 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969097232     Tetanus klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969125785
  • caused by exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani
  • "often fatal
  • characterized by generalized rigidity and convulsive spasms of skeletal muscles
  • etiology discovered in 1884 by Carle and Rattone"
    • ]]>     2020-11-29 18:36:26 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969125785     Pathogenesis klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969143621
  • Anyone can get it.
  • "usually enters the body through a wound
  • anaerobic conditions allow germination of spores and production of toxins
  • toxin binds in central nervous system
  • interferes with neurotransmitter release to block inhibitor impulses
  • leads to unopposed muscle contraction and spasm"
    • ]]>     2020-11-29 18:47:11 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969143621     Epidemiology klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969165159
  • "Reservoir
    • soil and intestine of animals and humans
  • Transmission
    • contaminated wounds
    • tissue injury
  • Temporal pattern
    • peak in summer or wet season
  • Communicability
    • not contagious"
    • ]]>     2020-11-29 19:02:12 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969165159     Prevention klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969341464 VACCINATION is the primary form of prevention against tetanus.

    Tetanus toxoid immunizations were initially produced in 1924 ("first widely used during World War II").

    • "Formalin-inactivated tetanus toxin
    • Schedule
      • three or four doses plus booster
      • booster every 10 years
    • Efficacy
      • approximately 100%
    • Duration
      • approximately 10 years
    • Should be administered with diphtheria toxoid as DTaP, DT, Td, or Tdap"
    ]]>     2020-11-29 21:12:05 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969341464     Symptoms klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969358181
  • "Generalized tetanus: descending pattern of trismus (lockjaw), stiffness of the neck, difficulty swallowing, rigidity of abdominal muscles
  • spasms continue for 3-4 weeks"
    • ]]>     2020-11-29 21:25:25 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969358181     Incubation Period klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969363240
  • "8 days (range, 3-21 days)"
    • ]]>     2020-11-29 21:29:23 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969363240     3 Clinical Forms: klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969365338
  • "local (uncommon),
  • cephalic (rare), 
  • generalized (most common)"
    • ]]>     2020-11-29 21:30:59 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969365338     Complications klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969368182
  • "Laryngospasm
  • Fractures
  • Hypertension and/or abnormal heart rhythm
  • Nosocomial infections
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Aspiration pneumonia
  • Death"
    • ]]>     2020-11-29 21:33:20 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969368182     Treatment klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969375874
  • wound cleaning
  • removal of foreign material
  • debridement of necrotic tissue
  • supportive therapy/management of airway clearance during spasms
  • administration of Tetanus immune globulin (TIG) (or Intravenous immune globulin [IVI] when TIG is unavailable) 
  • "complete recovery may take months"

    • ]]>     2020-11-29 21:39:27 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969375874     klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969392323 2020-11-29 21:54:15 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969392323 klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969393832 2020-11-29 21:55:37 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969393832 klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969395522 2020-11-29 21:56:49 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969395522 klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969396355 2020-11-29 21:57:37 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969396355 klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969397056 2020-11-29 21:58:18 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969397056 Source: klingle9517 https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969397803 https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/tetanus.html]]> 2020-11-29 21:59:00 UTC https://padlet.com/klingle9517/2pzaj5o5a6d7mp8w/wish/969397803