https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb the origin of life and definitions en-us 2020-09-23 04:40:34 UTC 2020-09-27 06:02:30 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f30f.png ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770883550 2020-09-23 04:53:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770883550 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770888134 single-celled organisms in domains Bacteria and Archaea]]> 2020-09-23 04:55:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770888134 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770899022 diversity of prokaryotes included "extreme" species that could survive in various climates and extreme amounts of radiation]]> 2020-09-23 05:01:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770899022 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770905108 colonize organisms living in normal habitats ⟶ most abundant organisms on Earth]]> 2020-09-23 05:04:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770905108 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770916279 earliest fossils that date back to 3.5 billion years ago]]> 2020-09-23 05:10:05 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770916279 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770920219 2020-09-23 05:12:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770920219 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770922433 abiotic (nonliving) synthesis of small organic molecules, like amino acids and nitrogenous bases]]> 2020-09-23 05:13:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770922433 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770925744 joining of these small molecules into macromolecules, like proteins and nucleic acids]]> 2020-09-23 05:14:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770925744 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770927283 packaging of these molecules into protocells]]> 2020-09-23 05:15:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770927283 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770928307 droplets with membranes that maintained as internal chemistry different from that of their surroundings ]]> 2020-09-23 05:15:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770928307 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770930657 origin of self-replicating molecules that eventually made inheritance possible]]> 2020-09-23 05:17:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770930657 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770941951 first atmosphere ⟶ little oxygen, water vapor, compounds from volcanic eruptions (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, hydrogen)

earth cools ⟶ water vapors condenses into oceans, hydrogen escapes into space]]> 2020-09-23 05:22:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770941951 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770948163   --  early atmosphere was reducing environment (electron-adding) ⟶ organic molecules cannot form from simpler molecules
energy could have come from lighting/UV radiation

  --  early atmosphere was made up primarily of nitrogen and carbon dioxide ⟶ neither reducing nor oxidizing (electron-removing)]]> 2020-09-23 05:25:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770948163 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770978916  --  first organic compounds may have formed near volcanoes or deep-sea vents (hot water & minerals went into the ocean from Earth's interior

  --  4.5 billion-year-old meteorites carried 80+ amino acids and organic molecules like lipids, simple sugars, and nitogenous bases (uracil)]]> 2020-09-23 05:41:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770978916 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770980227 organic molecules/amino acids formed under each of these tested hypotheses]]> 2020-09-23 05:42:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770980227 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770989726 small organic molecules (like amino acids and nitrogenous bases) need something for replication]]> 2020-09-23 05:46:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770989726 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770993066 every cell has many types of macromolecules (including enzymes and other proteins and the nucleic acids needed for self-replication)]]> 2020-09-23 05:48:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770993066 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770996082 abiotic synthesis of RNA monomers can occur spontaneously from simple precursor molecules
  --  dripping solutions of animo acids or RNA nucleotides onto hot sand, clay, or rock, polymers of these molecules have been produced]]> 2020-09-23 05:49:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/770996082 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771001925 polymers formed spontaneously without enzymes or ribosomes
- animo acid polymers are complex (linked and cross-linked amino acids)
- these polymers could have acted as weak catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions ]]> 2020-09-23 05:52:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771001925 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771012224 all cells need to be able to reproduce and carry out energy processing (metabolism)

DNA needs enzymatic machinery and an abundant supply of nucleotide building blocks (from the cell's metabolism)]]> 2020-09-23 05:58:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771012224 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771016782 fluid-filled compartments enclosed by a membrane-like structure]]> 2020-09-23 06:00:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771016782 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771018313 abiotically produced vesicles can exhibit properties of life (simple reproduction, metabolism, maintenance of internal chemical environment different from that of their surroundings)
- vesicles can form when lipids or other organic molecules are added to water]]> 2020-09-23 06:01:23 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771018313 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771023588 abiotically produced vesicles can: 
- "reproduce" by themselves
 - "grow" (increase in size) without dilution of their contents
- absorb montmorillonite particles (including those on which RNA and other organic molecules are attached
- some have selectively permeable bilayer and can perform metabolic reactions using an external source of reagents]]> 2020-09-23 06:04:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771023588 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771028349 soft mineral clay produced by the weathering of volcanic ash]]> 2020-09-23 06:06:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771028349 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771067354 first genetic material was RNA, not DNA
- RNA plays a role in protein synthesis and as an enzyme-like catalyst (ribozymes)
- ribozymes can make complementary copies of short pieces of RNA when supplied with nucleotide building blocks]]> 2020-09-23 06:26:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771067354 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771070436 RNA that functions as an enzyme-like catalyst]]> 2020-09-23 06:27:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771070436 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771072455 - RNA molecules have a variety of 3d shapes (some shapes may help them replicate faster with fewer errors than in other sequences)
- the most replication-capable RNA molecule will leave the most descendant molecules]]> 2020-09-23 06:28:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771072455 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771082912 a vesicle with self-replicating, catalytic RNA would differ from its many neighbors that lacked such molecules
- if the vesicles grows, splits, and passed on RNA molecules to daughters, daughters would be protocells with the same properties as parent]]> 2020-09-23 06:33:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771082912 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771088873 RNA sequences that carried the genetic information appeared in protocells
- RNA may have given template to form DNA
      - DNA replicates more accurately, chemically stable]]> 2020-09-23 06:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771088873 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771099191 2020-09-23 06:41:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771099191 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771106894 2020-09-23 06:45:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771106894 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771108439 2020-09-23 06:46:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771108439 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771109472 polymer composed of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides]]> 2020-09-23 06:46:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771109472 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771112060 bacteria that have relatively simple walls composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan]]> 2020-09-23 06:48:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771112060 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771113713 bacteria that have less peptidoglycan and are structurally more complex,with an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccrharides (carbohydrates bonded to lipids)]]> 2020-09-23 06:48:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771113713 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771118298 in a hypertonic environment, process of prokaryotes losing water and shrinking away from their wall]]> 2020-09-23 06:50:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771118298 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771136134 dense and well defined (capsule) or not as well organized (slime layer) sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein that surrounds the cell wall of many prokaryotes ]]> 2020-09-23 06:59:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771136134 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771144280 resistant cells that bacteria develop when they lack water or essential nutrients]]> 2020-09-23 07:03:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771144280 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771162603 hairlike appendages that are used for prokaryotes to stick to their substrate or to one another ]]> 2020-09-23 07:13:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771162603 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771165909 appendages that pull two cells together prior to DNA transfer from one cell to the other]]> 2020-09-23 07:15:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771165909 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771180140 2020-09-23 07:22:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771180140 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771180784 directed movement toward or away from a stimulus]]> 2020-09-23 07:22:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771180784 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771182475 structures that enable prokaryotes to move, may be scattered over the entire surface of the cell or concentrated at one or both ends, analogous structures]]> 2020-09-23 07:23:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771182475 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771186942 the process in which structures originally adapted for one purpose take on new functions through descent with modification]]> 2020-09-23 07:25:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771186942 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771191927 2020-09-23 07:28:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771191927 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771192842 smaller rings of independently replicating DNA found in typical prokaryotic cells, most only carrying a few genes]]> 2020-09-23 07:28:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771192842 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771196241 a region of cytoplasm that is not enclosed by a membrane in which a prokaryotic chromosome is located (they did not have a nucleus)]]> 2020-09-23 07:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771196241 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771200420 2020-09-23 07:32:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771200420 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771202804 organisms that obtain energy from light]]> 2020-09-23 07:33:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771202804 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771203666 organisms that obtain energy from chemicals ]]> 2020-09-23 07:34:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771203666 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771204503 organisms that need only CO₂ or related compounds as a carbon source ]]> 2020-09-23 07:34:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771204503 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771207149 organisms that require at least one organic nutrient (such as glucose) to make other organic compounds]]> 2020-09-23 07:36:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771207149 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771211289 the extraction of chemical energy  in which substances other than O2 (such as nitrate ions (NO₃-) or sulfate ions (SO₄^2-) accept electrons at the "downhill" end of electron transport chains ]]> 2020-09-23 07:38:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771211289 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771218801 a process in which atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) is converted to ammonia (NH₃)]]> 2020-09-23 07:41:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771218801 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771231034 specialized cells that carry out only nitrogen fixation]]> 2020-09-23 07:47:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771231034 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771233505 surface-coating colonies where metabolic cooperation between different prokaryotic species often occurs, cells secrete signaling molecules that recruit nearby cells, causing the colonies to grow (the cells also produce polysaccharides and proteins that stick to the cells to the substrate and to one another]]> 2020-09-23 07:49:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771233505 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771243659 they are small

they reproduce by binary fission

the often have short generation times]]> 2020-09-23 07:54:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771243659 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771248357 key structural features:
cell walls, endospores, fimbriae, flagella]]> 2020-09-23 07:57:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771248357 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771250806 physiological and metabolic diversification, not structural]]> 2020-09-23 07:58:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/771250806 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/773198723 2020-09-23 17:47:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/773198723 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/773212745 Substance used as energy to build organic molecules. Example would be light and inorganic chemicals.]]> 2020-09-23 17:51:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/773212745 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/773217577 The modes of nutrition are split into two groups, autotrophs and heterotrophs. Autotrophs create nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances like CO2. Heterotrophs can not produce their own foods so they obtain that from eating other sources of organic molecules (from plants of animals.)]]> 2020-09-23 17:52:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/773217577 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781180343 Carbon sources are sources of carbon for organisms. They can be certain carbon-containing molecules from which carbon is extracted for the purpose of constructing organic molecules.]]> 2020-09-26 06:55:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781180343 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781181427 A chemist who performed experiments that may explain what occurred on primitive
Earth billions of years ago. He is known for abiogenesis and the Miller–Urey experiment.]]> 2020-09-26 06:58:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781181427 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781181629 proteins and nucleic acids broken apart for energy or converted to carbohydrates or fats, enzyme removes nitrogen in the form of ammonia; very toxic b/c of ions; some animals excrete ammonia but others convert to less toxic compound like urea or uric acid]]> 2020-09-26 06:58:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781181629 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781181939 Molecular clocks is a method of showing evolutionary change in a certain amount of
time]]> 2020-09-26 06:59:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781181939 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781182349 An organism that feeds on other organic compositions or organisms, for example, almost all life apart form plants are heterotrophs.]]> 2020-09-26 07:00:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781182349 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781182479 An essential nutrient for organisms (needed in order to create DNA, RNA, etc.) w/o it, no
life]]> 2020-09-26 07:00:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781182479 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781182599 Prokaryotes are single celled organisms that lack a nucleus.]]> 2020-09-26 07:00:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781182599 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781182766 the release of electricity from one thing to another]]> 2020-09-26 07:01:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781182766 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183023 "Self-feeders"; organisms that sustain themselves without eating anything produced by other organisms. Use their environment molecules, like CO2, to synthesize their own food. Also called "producers". Examples are plants and algae, which are photoautotrophs, which use the sun's energy to synthesize organic macromolecules.]]> 2020-09-26 07:01:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183023 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183147 Any compound with carbon bonded to hydrogen. There are 4 main types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.]]> 2020-09-26 07:02:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183147 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183347 Methane is gas that is found in small quantities in Earth's atmosphere and is the simplest hydrocarbon which consists of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.]]> 2020-09-26 07:02:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183347 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183469 In an aqueous environment, the hydrophobic tails stick together to avoid water. This forms a bilayer structure with the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails inwards.Two layers of pospholipids]]> 2020-09-26 07:02:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183469 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183666 A type of staining used to differentiate bacteria. There are 2 different groups: gram
positive and gram negative.]]> 2020-09-26 07:03:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183666 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183770 Eukarya is a domain of organisms containing a defined membrane-bound nucleus containing genetic material.]]> 2020-09-26 07:03:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781183770 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184006 UV Radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation that is shorter then visible light but longer the X-rays. I assume that low-levels of it would just be less amounts of radiation
and it would also be safer.]]> 2020-09-26 07:04:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184006 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184145 Anaerobic Bacteria is Bacteria that grows when oxygen is not present]]> 2020-09-26 07:04:34 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184145 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184354 Water is a polar covalent molecule that is made up of one oxygen and two hydrogens. Because oxygen is more electronegative, it pulls the electrons closer to itself. This causes oxygen to be slightly negative and the hydrogens to be slightly positive.]]> 2020-09-26 07:04:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184354 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184615 Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another.]]> 2020-09-26 07:05:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184615 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184872 UV rays from sunlight produced an reducing (electron-giving) atmosphere that helped provide energy the synthesis of macromolecules and other organic compounds]]> 2020-09-26 07:06:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781184872 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781185258 Atmospheric oxygen refers to the abundance of molecular oxygen,O2, in the atmosphere (especially in the troposphere that allows life to flourish). It is the most important need humans have (even more important than food).]]> 2020-09-26 07:07:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781185258 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781185583 nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with nitrogenous bases, a
deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate groups; capable of being replicated and determines
the inherited structure of a cell's proteins]]> 2020-09-26 07:07:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781185583 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781185714 Amino Acids are organic molecules with an amino group and a carboxyl group. They also contain an alpha carbon and a side chain. They build proteins using peptide bonds.]]> 2020-09-26 07:08:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781185714 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781186041 any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of a bacterium]]> 2020-09-26 07:08:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781186041 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781186211 Plants used carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is produced when volcanoes erupt. The early atmosphere was made up of carbon dioxide and nitrogen.]]> 2020-09-26 07:09:23 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781186211 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781186450 Combination of molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions that organize into a cellular/circular shape. In polar solutions such as water, hydrophilic ends face the outside. In nonpolar solutions, the hydrophobic regions face the outside.]]> 2020-09-26 07:09:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781186450 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781186759 Lipid made of 2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol, and 1 phosphate group that can link with other molecules. Hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head allows it to assemble into bilayers.]]> 2020-09-26 07:10:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781186759 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781187062 Simpler inorganic compounds could have acted as the building blocks for the spontaneous formation (abiotic synthesis) of organic molecules on early Earth, also precursor molecules]]> 2020-09-26 07:11:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781187062 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781187826 A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins, and through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.]]> 2020-09-26 07:12:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781187826 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188056 a group of antibiotics]]> 2020-09-26 07:13:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188056 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188146 a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution of DNA and proteins, the beginning]]> 2020-09-26 07:13:35 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188146 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188206 2020-09-26 07:13:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188206 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188291 a protocell is a self-organized, endogenously ordered, spherical collection of lipids proposed as a stepping-stone toward the origin of life. an aggregation of organic molecules, surrounded by a membrane, that abiotically coalesces into resemblances of living matter; thought to be the precursors of prokaryotic cells, organic molecules surrounded by membrane]]> 2020-09-26 07:13:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188291 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188411 Molecular O_3, filters UV Radiation]]> 2020-09-26 07:14:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188411 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188493 electron-adding, a reducing atmosphere is an atmospheric condition in which oxidation is prevented by removal of oxygen and other oxidizing gases or vapours, and which may contain actively reducing gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and gases such as hydrogen sulfide that would be oxidized by any present oxygen]]> 2020-09-26 07:14:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188493 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188570 Devoid of Oxygen]]> 2020-09-26 07:14:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781188570 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781686570 2020-09-26 20:28:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781686570 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781687218 2020-09-26 20:29:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781687218 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781687618 2020-09-26 20:30:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781687618 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781697339 gas, combines with oxygen to form water (H₂O) and is present in all organic compounds]]> 2020-09-26 20:47:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781697339 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781697413 unreactive gas that forms about 78 percent of the earth's atmosphere]]> 2020-09-26 20:47:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781697413 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781697642 2020-09-26 20:47:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781697642 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781700279 4.5 billion years old]]> 2020-09-26 20:52:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781700279 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781725568 2020-09-26 21:32:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781725568 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781727108 2020-09-26 21:35:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781727108 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781740191 fluid-filled compartments enclosed by a membrane-like structure. a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer. Vesicles form naturally during the processes of secretion, uptake and transport of materials within the plasma membrane.]]> 2020-09-26 21:58:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781740191 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781741304 Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, plays a central role in protein synthesis, but it can also function as an enzyme-like catalysts (ribozymes)]]> 2020-09-26 22:00:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781741304 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781750930 2020-09-26 22:19:25 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781750930 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781754790 nitrogenous base, ribose, phosphate group]]> 2020-09-26 22:27:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781754790 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781755153 2020-09-26 22:28:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781755153 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781755801 2020-09-26 22:29:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781755801 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781760511 2020-09-26 22:38:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781760511 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781764436 2020-09-26 22:45:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781764436 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781764605 2020-09-26 22:46:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781764605 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781764913 2020-09-26 22:46:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781764913 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781767071 divide]]> 2020-09-26 22:51:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781767071 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781767371 increase in size without dilution of their contents]]> 2020-09-26 22:52:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781767371 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781791112 2020-09-26 23:42:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781791112 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781806594 2020-09-27 00:16:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781806594 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781827611 2020-09-27 01:02:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781827611 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781828206 2020-09-27 01:04:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781828206 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781828669 2020-09-27 01:05:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781828669 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781871357 2020-09-27 02:40:45 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781871357 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781877598 2020-09-27 02:55:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781877598 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781880050 2020-09-27 03:01:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781880050 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781880968 2020-09-27 03:03:16 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781880968 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781883458 2020-09-27 03:08:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781883458 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781892875 2020-09-27 03:31:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781892875 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781894078 2020-09-27 03:33:45 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781894078 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781964742 2020-09-27 05:11:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781964742 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781966638 2020-09-27 05:14:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781966638 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781971455 2020-09-27 05:20:34 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781971455 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781971876 2020-09-27 05:21:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781971876 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781975460 2020-09-27 05:25:45 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781975460 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781978268 2020-09-27 05:29:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781978268 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781979911 2020-09-27 05:30:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781979911 ep43831 https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781995275 2020-09-27 05:48:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ep43831/2pc97ml8gk83u8kb/wish/781995275