I don't mind getting up early.

• We use the gerund (verb + -ing)

1 after prepositions and phrasal verbs.

2 as the subject of a sentence.

3 after some verbs, e.g. hate, don't mind.

the infinitive with to

1 My flat is very easy to find.

2 Liam is saving money to buy a new car.

3 My sister has never learned to drive.

Try not to make a noise.

• We use the infinitive + to:

1 after adjectives.

2 to express a reason or purpose.

3 after some verbs, e.g. want, need, leam.

the infinitive without to

1 I can't drive.

We must hurry.

2 She always makes me laugh.

My parents didn't let me go out last night.

" like shopping.

"I'm leaving tomorrow.'

'I'll always love you.'

"I passed the exam!'

'I've forgotten my keys.'

*I can't come.'

'I may be late.'

"I must go.

She said (that) she liked shopping.

He told her (that) he was leaving the next day.

He said (that) he would always love me.

She told me (that) she had passed the exam.

He said (that) he had forgotten his keys.

She said (that) she couldn't come.

He said (that) he might be late.

She said (that) she had to go.

• We use reported speech to report (i.e. to tell another person) what someone said.

• When the reporting verb (said, told, etc.) is in the past tense, the tenses in the sentence which is being reported usually change like this:

present - past will -* would

past simple / present perfect - past perfect

reported questions

'Are you married?'

She asked him if he was married,

'Did Lucy phone?'

He asked me whether Lucy had phoned.

"What's your name?* I asked him what his name

was.

'Where do you live?' She asked me where I lived.

• When we report a question, the tenses change as in reported statements.