Greatest University for Learning-Timbuktu-13th - 16th ( Astronomy, medicine, mathematics)

Located near Niger River

Islam was practiced by rulers, others remained loyal to their indigenous religious (Polylithic)

Because of trade relationships with foreign nations and empires, that Songhai was a cultural center of Africa city likes Timbuktu

Political System: Ruled by an absolute monarch who commanded the military and controlled an imperial bureaucracy

Economic System: Based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert and overseas

Located in West Africa

Located near the Niger River

Located inside of Ghana

Located below Songhai Empire

Traded with Portugal with Gold and Silver

Practice indigenous religion and use of indigenous language

Threats from European invasion and created a militaristic society

Political System: Elimination of clan tradition in favor of unified government under a central leader

Economic System: Based on trades of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert and overseas

Located in West of Africa

Traded with Portugal and other European for weapons

Maintained independence from Europeans

Influence of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam through trade

Differences in Religion and European interaction cause conflict

Political System: Ruled by monarch centered on Christianity

Economic System: Based on the trade of gold ivory, and frankincense across the Sahara Desert and overseas

Located in West-Central Africa

Located on left of the Congo River

Created trade with Portugal

Portuguese missionaries were successful in converting rulers to Christianity

The art elaborate using wood, cloth, terra-cotta (red pots and bowls made out of red clay)

Political System: Ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy

Economic System: Based on agriculture, metallurgy and trade of ivory and slaves (Was involved in the triangle trade)

Located in Southern Africa

Led by Warrior Shaka

British Empire took them over

Near the Cape of Good Hope

Practice of indigenous religion, characterized by ancestral spirits and the use of magic

History was pasted through oral tradition in their indigenous language

Political System: Ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy

Economic System: Based entirely on agriculture and livestock (A lot of cattle = very wealthy)

World's Largest Africa Desert

Main river of the Western part of Africa, moves through the countries of Niger and Mali

1st longest river

River in Africa behind the Nile

2nd Longest River

Part of Northeastern Africa includes the countries of Somaila and Southeastern Ethiopia

Located in South Africa

Named Africa after explorer Bartholomew Dias