https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er Made with fortitude en-us 2020-10-27 14:03:25 UTC 2026-03-15 07:38:17 UTC hello@padlet.com 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865796008 This was the period of time from before the Civil War until after the War of 1812. The plantations in the South had a huge cotton boom that made the South the center of economy for the United States. However, the North was making great strides towards economic growth with the beginnings of manufacturing and the Industrial Revolution. Slavery was popular in the South and many of the slaves from the North were sold to Southern Plantations. ]]> 2020-10-27 14:12:37 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865796008 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865798177 The Republican ideal took hold in the early United States with the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. Republicanism is a complex, changing body of ideas and values that often influences political parties of that time. ]]> 2020-10-27 14:13:04 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865798177 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865800151 James Madison and President Jefferson refused to deliver William Marbury's commission as a justice of the peace for the District of Columbia, so he sued. The Supreme Court led by John Marshall, had trouble with this case because Jefferson should have paid Marbury, but the Judiciary Act of 1789 because the clause that gave federal courts the right to issue writs requiring governmental action was deemed unconstitutional. This case created judicial review: a power implied in the Constitution that gives federal courts the right to review and determine the constitutionality of acts passed by Congress and state legislatures. In the end, Marbury did not get his job because Jefferson was not forced to appoint Marbury. ]]> 2020-10-27 14:13:25 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865800151 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865801280 In June 1812, Madison ordered Congress to declare war against Britian. This war was thought to be short, painless, and most importantly not expensive. However, the U.S. had a weak army which failed on their attack on Canada. There was lots of fighting along the frontiers since the majority of the Native Americans sided with the British. The Royal Navy enforced a tight blockade on the Atlantic which ultimately destroyed the U.S. economy. British ships attacked coastal towns and the U.S. had minimal victories, including the win on Lake Erie led by Oliver Hazard Perry. The war took a turn for the worse in 1814 when Britain ended their war with France and was able to turn full attention towards the U.S. Unlike the British front, the U.S. started to make progress along the Indian front who faced heavy losses, both in people and land. ]]> 2020-10-27 14:13:39 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865801280 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865802108 Post War of 1812- EZ

The program of government subsidies to improve roads and canals and to foster economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. This system was also put in place in order to reduce poverty and increase domestic jobs and manufacturing. ]]> 2020-10-27 14:13:49 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865802108 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865803980 After the Non-Importation Act failed, Jefferson urged the Embargo Act which prohibited American ships from leaving for any foreign port. Jefferson wanted to harm Britain but the English had an ample harvest and their warehouses full, so the US, New England specifically, were the ones getting hurt. This act resulted in the emergence of smugglers through Canada and the sea. Massachusetts and Connecticut legislatures considered the Embargo Act to be illegal. ]]> 2020-10-27 14:14:12 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865803980 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865806567 The American peace delegation of Henry Clay, Albert Gallatin, and John Quincy Adams negotiated with Britain to form the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812. Britain initially wanted a protected zone for Native Americans, but in the end, they agreed to have things go back to the way they were before the war. ]]> 2020-10-27 14:14:43 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/865806567 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866591574 1828- EZ

A way of selecting people for government jobs based on the idea “to the victor belongs the spoils.” Jackson fired many government officials based on the belief that many officials were hired due to their support and aid of the previous president and high ranking government officials. ]]> 2020-10-27 16:50:33 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866591574 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866610753 1830- EZ

Legislation passed by Congress in 1830 that provided funding for the removing and resettling of eastern Indians in the West. It granted the president to use force if necessary and resulted in the involuntary transfer of Native Americans to new homes in Oklahoma. This resulted in a death of a third of the tribe and action taken by other Indians whether it be moving off their land or to a different part of their land. ]]> 2020-10-27 16:54:15 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866610753 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866623125 1838- EZ

The forced march in 1838 of the Cherokee Indians from their homelands in Georgia to the Indian Territory in the West; thousands of Cherokees died along the way]]> 2020-10-27 16:56:42 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866623125 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866639631 1816- EZ

A national bank chartered by Congress in 1816 with extensive regulatory powers over currency and credit. In order to help with the national debt crisis due to the War of 1812 the Second National Bank was created in order to give loans. ]]> 2020-10-27 17:00:05 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866639631 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866787481 Historical figures: United States (Jefferson) and France 
Definition: The 1803 U.S purchase of the vast land holdings that France claimed along the west side of the Mississippi River beginning in New Orleans and extending through the heart of North America to the Canadian border
Significance: This purchase doubled the size of the United States and strengthen the country materially and strategically, provided a powerful impetus to westward expansion and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal Constitution. 

]]> 2020-10-27 17:29:54 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/866787481 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867043452 Historical figures: Henry Clay, Congress 
Definition: a compromise in Congress in 1820 that admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state as well as prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory above 36 degree30’ north latitude 
Significance: it admitted Missouri to the Union as a salve state and Maine as a free state it was a measure workout out between the North and South which marked the beginning of the prolonged sectional conflict over slavery. ]]> 2020-10-27 18:22:45 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867043452 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867080950 This treaty was also known as the Florida Treaty and the Transcontinental Treaty, and it was signed in Washington in 1819 and ratified in 1821. This treaty recognized the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase along with Spanish ceding its land in the Pacific Northwest. In return, the U.S. recognized Spain's sovereignty in Texas. The U.S. gained Florida and the Oregon Territory for $5 million. ]]> 2020-10-27 18:31:11 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867080950 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867086611 This is the name given to the expedition led by Lewis and Clark in 1804-1806 that explored the Louisiana Purchase and the Oregon lands extending to the West Coast. Jefferson appoint Lewis, his private secretary, and Clark, an army officer, in order to show American Dominance over their newly acquired land. ]]> 2020-10-27 18:32:29 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867086611 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867089932 The usual process in which a party caucus in Congress would select a presidential nominee had broken down and three members of Monroe's cabinet and the Speaker of the House had all run for president. A member from the Democratic-Republican party, Andrew Jackson, also ran. The others who ran were William H. Crawford of Georgia, John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, John C. Calhoun, and Henry Clay. Jackson was a war hero and a fierce opponent to banks, which pleased many people since the Panic of 1819. Jackson won the popular vote and the real battle became Adams vs. Jackson. Adams eventually won even though he lost both the popular and electoral votes. There was thought to be a "corrupt bargain" between him and Clay. ]]> 2020-10-27 18:33:15 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867089932 220120ab https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867091516 These are members of Congress, mostly from the South and West, who aggressively pushed for a war against Britain. The War Hawks were led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and Felix Grundy of Tennessee, and they argued that a war with Britain would lead to more land expansion. They wanted to attack Spanish colonies in Florida in order to claim the land. ]]> 2020-10-27 18:33:38 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867091516 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867566025 1832- EZ

Nullification Crisis- the idea brought up that any state could claim that a federal law was considered null and void and other states could weigh in upon it as well
Tariff of abominations- raised tariffs on all products except cotton but especially raised tariffs on Mid-Atlantic products]]> 2020-10-27 20:48:52 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867566025 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867580912 1830s- EZ

The movement people followed in order to connect with the divinity of God in the world because that is where thy thought they could connect to Him the most rather than through prayer. Those who lived in this movement lived. In nature and with gender equality. ]]> 2020-10-27 20:54:43 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867580912 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867599366 1800-1850 -EZ

The Romanticism movement was an art movement applying to visual art and writing. The Romanticism movement moved writers and artists to depict and describe in more detail as well as make their pieces more sweet and dreamy (romanticized).]]> 2020-10-27 21:01:55 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867599366 220538ez https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867611133 1848 -EZ

A convention held by women for the movement of women’s rights held in upstate New York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott gathered together women in order fight for the women’s rights movement and joining together the women’s rights activists and abolitionists]]> 2020-10-27 21:06:49 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867611133 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867695552 Historical Figures: James Monroe and John Quincy Adams
Definition: A declaration by President James Monroe in 1823 that the Western Hemisphere was to be closed off to further European colonization and that the United States would not allow European interference in the internal affairs of independent nations anywhere in the Americas
Significance: Was to separate the influence in which the US and European powers would have.

]]> 2020-10-27 21:46:56 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867695552 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867697382 Historical Figures: Jacksonians
Definition: Political party that before the Civil War followed the ideas of Jefferson and Jackson and favored states' rights and a limited role for the federal government, especially in economic affairs (very different from the modern Democratic Party)
Significance: They opposed the abolition of slavery and argued for the "common man" to be left alone by centralized government and economic interests. ]]> 2020-10-27 21:47:53 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867697382 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867698193 Historical Figures: Henry Clay and Adams
Definition: Political Party that began to take shape in support of the Adams- Clay American System and was first known as the National Republicans, but became the Whig Party in the 1830's in opposition to the Jacksonian Democrats.
Significance: The Whig Party counted the expansion of railroads, creation of the state public school system, and established the first state school for death and the blind. ]]> 2020-10-27 21:48:20 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867698193 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867700719 Historical Figures: Andrew Jackson
Definition: known as the "people's presidency" model of the "common man" fought in the Revolutionary War at 13 and became a hero
Significance: Destroyed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the Democratic Party, supported individual liberty and instituted policies that resulted in the forced migration of Native Americans. Expanded suffrage to white men over the age of 21 and restructured a number of federal institutions tutions ]]> 2020-10-27 21:49:41 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867700719 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867702817 Historical Figures: Americans who were Christians
Definition: A series of religious revivals in the first half of the 1800s characterized by great emotionalism in large public meetings
Significance: made a soul-winning the primary function of ministry and stimulated several moral and philanthropic reforms, including temperance and the emancipation of women. ]]> 2020-10-27 21:50:50 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867702817 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867704113 Historical Figures: Prompted by churches, WCTU
Definition: Limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States. Embodied the connection between social reform and religious revival
Significance: It was a concern for general social ills with religious sentiment and practical health considerations in a way that was appealing to many middle-class reformers ]]> 2020-10-27 21:51:36 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867704113 220230kf https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867704981 Historical Figures: Abolitionist, Frederick Douglass
Definition: the principle or policy abolition, especially ending slavery as an institution in the United States and emancipating African Americans, movement in opposition of slavery, often demanding immediate uncompensated emancipation of all slaves.
Significance: considered radical and there were only a few abolitionists prior to the Civil war. all were abolitionists advocated legal, but not social equality for blacks. ]]> 2020-10-27 21:52:04 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/867704981 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871253396 In order to calm down New England merchants after the Embargo Act, this Non-Intercourse Act reduced restrictions on trade to merely Britain and France.]]> 2020-10-28 20:05:22 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871253396 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871254449 A machine to clean cotton, the cotton gin was designed to separate cotton seeds from fibers. This improved the amount of cotton exported, combining with new factory innovations, in order to greatly increase wealth and manufactured goods' production.]]> 2020-10-28 20:05:45 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871254449 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871261808 The "Black Belt" was named after the rich black soil from Georgia to Louisiana. It was characterized by the huge cotton production that arose due to higher demand and higher productivity in manufacturing. This region had many slaves and was mainly developed by the federal government after tons of people flowed to it in the "Alabama Fever" of 1816.]]> 2020-10-28 20:08:25 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871261808 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871262607 Francis Cabot Lowell, Patrick T. Jackson, and Nathan Appleton incorporated the Boston Manufacturing Company. This mill ran on hydropower from the Merrimack River, producing cotton cloth. Their huge looms required many people, and Lowell created the town of Lowell, marking the beginning of the American Industrial Revolution.]]> 2020-10-28 20:08:36 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871262607 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871263380 After overproduction of raw materials and crops and little demand, prices dropped extremely low. The US Bank limited credit, and people and farmers could no longer get loans. This led to massive amounts of repossession and a large economic depression.]]> 2020-10-28 20:08:48 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871263380 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871263791 Started in 1817 and ending in 1825, the Erie Canal was built from the Hudson River Valley to Lake Erie. This was to connect the heartland of New York to the powerhouse of New York City. This was a huge engineering marvel for the time, and it lowered costs immensely and increased inland interconnectedness, especially the Mississippi River later on.]]> 2020-10-28 20:08:54 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871263791 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871264116 By the 1820s, America had largely moved away from the barter economy of earlier days and rather to the market economy, focused on global economic ties and the use of cash. This global economy and wealth was significant, increasing productivity and prosperity.]]> 2020-10-28 20:09:02 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871264116 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871265073 During this timeframe, nearly unanimous elections due to the fall of the Federalist Party placed James Monroe in power. This was merely one aspect of peace; huge debates were being held on the issues of slavery, cotton production, and expansion into farther lands.]]> 2020-10-28 20:09:21 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871265073 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871265755 John Marshall, famous for a "loose construction" of the Constitution, led a Supreme Court ruling after Maryland attempted to tax the National Bank, in which the power of the federal government was asserted. It proved that states cannot interfere with or tax federal activities, specifically citing the "necessary and proper" clause. Maryland had overstepped its state government's bounds by trying to tax the National Bank to drive it out of Maryland.]]> 2020-10-28 20:09:36 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871265755 220418cr https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871266960 Another Marshall Supreme Court ruling, this case ruled that Georgia could not extend their state governmental powers over people conducting business and deals in Native territories. This was due to the fact that the Cherokees had sovereign rights. This furthered federal power and authority over the states.]]> 2020-10-28 20:09:55 UTC https://padlet.com/220120ab/2n6xi8qr24l367er/wish/871266960