_Present perfect_ 

 [+] S + have/has + V3/ed + O
 [--] S + have/has + not + V3/ed + O
 [¿] Have/ has + S + V3/ed + O?
 [Wh-Q] Wh-Q + have/has + S + V3?

 - so far, many time, just, already, lately, ever, never, for + time, since + time in the past,...

 - Một sự việc xảy ra ở quá khứ nhưng kết quả liên quan đến hiện tại
 - Một hành động thường xuyên làm ở quá khứ và vẫn tiếp tục đến hiện tại 
 - Một kinh nghiệm đã từng trải qua... 

_Past perfect_ 

[+] S + had + V3/ed + O 
 [--] S + had + not + V3 + O 
 [¿] Had + S + V3/ed + O? 

 [Wh-Q] Wh-Q + had + S + V3/ed?

 - by, until, before + time in the past, as soon as, by the time, be the end of + time in the past...

 - Một hành động (sự việc) đã xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một thời điểm(sự việc) khác ở quá khứ.

 

 

------------

(+): S + had + V3/ed

(-): S + had not + V3/ed

(?): Had + S + V3/ed...?

Nhận biết: when...(past simple),..., by the time, until then, before, after, for, as soon as, by the end of+ time(past)

  KĐ:    S + have/ has +   PII

  PĐ:   S + haven’t/ hasn’t + PII.

  CH:    Have/Has + S + PII?

-Hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới thời điểm hiện tại mà không đề cập tới nó xảy ra khi nào.

-Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại.

-Diễn tả hành động đã từng làm trước đây và bây giờ vẫn còn làm

just , recently, lately , already , before, never, ever , yet

KĐ:  S + had + PII + O.

PĐ:  S + had not (hadn’t) + PII + O.

CH:  Had + S + PII+ O?

Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by,before , after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past 

KĐ:  S + have/ has + PII.

PĐ: S + haven’t/ hasn’t + PII

CH: Have/Has + S + PII? 

 -Hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới thời điểm hiện tại mà không đề cập tới nó xảy ra khi nào

-Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại.

-Diễn tả hành động đã từng làm trước đây và bây giờ vẫn còn làm

just , recently, lately , already , before, never, ever , yet

KĐ:  S + had + PII + O.

PĐ:  S + had not (hadn’t) + PII + O.

CH:  Had + S + PII+ O?

Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by,before , after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past 

-They are Physical attractiveness; Confiding; Partnership of equals; Trust built on love.

2. Who are much more concerned with physical attractiveness when choosing a wife or a husband, the young Americans or the young Asians? 

-The young Americans were much more concerned than the Indians and Chinese with physical attractiveness when choosing a wife or husband.

3. What are the Indian students' attitudes on a partnership of equals? 

-The Indian students agreed that a woman has to sacrifice more in a marriage than a man.

4. Why does the American wife trust her husband to do the right thing? 

-The American wife trusts her husband to do the right thing because he loves her not because he has to.

5. What is the main finding of the survey? 

-The main finding of the survey is young Asians are not as romantic as their American counterparts

1 . Precede = happen of exist before

2 . Determine = find out 

3 . Confide in = tell someone about something very private or secret 

4 . Sacrifice = willingly stop having something 

5 . Obliged = having a duty to do something 

TASK 2

1. They are Physical attractiveness, Confiding,Partnership of equals, Trust built on love.

2.The young Americans were much more concerned than the Indians and Chinese with physical attractiveness when choosing a wife or husband.

3. The Indian students agreed that a woman has to sacrifice more in a marriage than a man.

4. The American wife trusts her husband to do the right thing because he loves her not because he has to.

5. The main finding of the survey is young Asians are not as romantic as their American counterparts.

2. determine = find out 

3. confide in = tell someone about something very private or secret 

4. sacrifice = willingly stop having something you want
5. obliged = having a duty to do something 
TASK 2

1. They are Physical attractiveness; Confiding; Partnership of equals; Trust built on love.

2.The young Americans were much more concerned than the Indians and Chinese with physical attractiveness when choosing a wife or husband.

3. The Indian students agreed that a woman has to sacrifice more in a marriage than a man.

4. The American wife trusts her husband to do the right thing because he loves her not because he has to.

5.  The main finding of the survey is young Asians are not as romantic as their American counterparts.

1. We can use either verbal or non-verbal form of communication

2. Clapping hands is not the most common way of attracting someone’s attention

3. We might raise our hand and wave to them as a signal that we see them

4. You might jump up and down and wave as hard as you can to attract his attention

5. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signal are appropriate

6. I will raise my hand slightly or catch their eyes

7. Because that is considered impolite and even rude

8. I will give my teacher a small friendly wave to attracy his or her attention

9. We shouldn’t point at the person while we talk to him/her. Because point at someone is usally considered rude 

1. We can use either verbal or non-verbal form of communication

2. Clapping hands is not the most common way of attracting someone’s attention

3. We might raise our hand and wave to them as a signal that we see them

4. You might jump up and down and wave as hard as you can to attract his attention

5. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signal are appropriate

6. I will raise my hand slightly or catch their eyes

7. Because that is considered impolite and even rude

8. I will give my teacher a small friendly wave to attracy his or her attention

9. We shouldn’t point at the person while we talk to him/her. Because point at someone is usally considered rude 

1. We can use either verbal or non-verbal form of communication

2. Clapping hands is not the most common way of attracting someone’s attention

3. We might raise our hand and wave to them as a signal that we see them

4. You might jump up and down and wave as hard as you can to attract his attention

5. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signal are appropriate

6. I will raise my hand slightly or catch their eyes

7. Because that is considered impolite and even rude

8. I will give my teacher a small friendly wave to attracy his or her attention

9. We shouldn’t point at the person while we talk to him/her. Because point at someone is usally considered rude 

1. The doctor advised me to lose weight.

2. Mary suggested to go to a movie.

3. Bill denied breaking the windows.

4. She accused Tom of telling a lie.

5. Mary apologized Jack for not coming to his birthday party the next Saturday evening.

6. Jane refused to help me with my homework.

7. Joe invited me to come to his party.

8. Mr. Gray warned the children not to play in the street.

9. They invited me to come on a pinic with them.

10. He asked me not to tell anyboby what happened.

11. She threatened to resign if I don’t give her a pay rise.

12. John promised to finish the work by the end of that week.

13. She advised Andrew to take a break.

14. They reminded me not to forget to go to the supermarket after work.

15. He suggested singing a few songs.

16. She told me she was going to the party with her mother.

17. They said they had plenty of time to do their work.

18. He said that was the book I had been looking for.

19. They wanted to know when they had told me that.

20. They wanted to know if I had seen the new film.

21. She told me not to put my elbow on the table.

22. He asked me to write my name clearly on the top.

23. He ordered me not to put my dirty fingers on his clothes.

24. He asked me to wait there under the tree until the rain stopped.

25. She told me to come and see her whenever I had a few hours to spare.

2. Mary suggested to go to a movie.

 3. Bill denied breaking the windows.

 4. She accused Tom of telling a lie.

 5. Mary apologized Jack for not come to his birthday party the next Saturday evening.

 6. Jane refused to help me with my homework.

 7. Joe invited me to come to his party 

Mr. Gray warned the children not to play in the street.

 8. They invited me to come on a pinic with them.

 9. He asked me not to tell anyboby what happened.

10. She threatened to resign if I don't give her a pay rise.

11. John promised to finish the work by the end of that week.

12. She advised Andrew to take a break.

 13. They reminded me not to forget to go to the supermarket after

 14. He suggested singing a few songs.

15. She told me she was going to the party with her mother.

16. They said they had plenty of time to do their work.

 17. He said that was the book I had been looking for.

 18. They wanted to know when they had told me that.

19. They wanted to know if I had seen the new film.

 20.She told me not to put my elbow

 21. He asked me to write my name clearly on the top.

 22.He ordered me not to put my dirty fingers on his clothes.

 23.He asked me to wait there under the tree until the rain stopped.

 24.She told me to come and see her whenever I had a few hours to spare.