Q1.1:

• Public: Can be accessed by any class.

• Private: Can only be accessed within the same class.

• Protected: Can be accessed within the class, its subclasses, and same package.

• Default: Can only be accessed within the same package.

Q1.2:

Making instance variables private means they can’t be accessed directly from outside the class. This is called encapsulation. Instead, you use special methods (called getters and setters) to access or change the data.

Access and Visibility Constraints in Java

Access and visibility constraints in Java control who can access classes, methods, and variables using access modifiers:

1. public: Accessible everywhere.

2. protected: Accessible within the same package and in subclasses.

3. default (no modifier): Accessible only within the same package.

4. private: Accessible only within the same class.

1. public and private

Public: This is like the front door, open to everyone. Any part of your program can access public members.

Private: This is like a bedroom, accessible only to the owner of the room (the class itself).

Rayan

Public and private

Salama Ali

Private (inaccessible) and public(accessible)

11 CAI

6098638*/

public class Snack {

private String name;

private int numCalories;

}

//default constructor

public Snack() {

this.name = "";

this.numCalories = 0;

}

//parameterized constructor

public Snack(String name, int numCalories) {

this.name = name;

this.numCalories = numCalories;

}

private String name;

private int numCalories;

// Default constructor

public Snack() {

name = "Unknown";

numCalories = 0;

}

// Parameterized constructor

public Snack(String name, int numCalories) {

this.name = name;

this. numCalories = numCalories;

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