In essence, grading is an exercise in professional judgment on the part of teachers. It involves the collection and evaluation of evidence on students' achievement or performance over a specified period of time, such as nine weeks, an academic semester, or entire school year. Through this process, various types of descriptive information and measures of students' performance are converted into grades or marks that summarize students' accomplishments. Although some educators distinguish between grades and marks, most consider these terms synonymous. Both imply a set of symbols, words, or numbers that are used to designate different levels of achievement or performance. They might be letter grades such as A, B, C, D, and F; symbols such as &NA;+, &NA;, and &NA;−; descriptive words such as Exemplary, Satisfactory, and Needs Improvement; or numerals such as 4, 3, 2, and 1. Reporting is the process by which these judgments are communicated to parents, students, or others.
References:
http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2017/Grading-Systems.html
https://www.edubloxtutor.com/5-reasons-grades-important/
https://www.waikato.ac.nz/students/examinations/assessment/grades-scale
http://www.cambridgeinternational.org/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-secondary-2/cambridge-igcse/uk-schools/grading-system-for-9-1-cambridge-igcses/-

Basing a note in a single run is not just for the students. It would be more advisable to give more importance to the observation every day in the classroom. Take into account their development in learning. The notes don’t say nothing of the student. As well they help to enter good universities. That a student doesn’t have good grades it doesn’t mean that it is not a good person. The most important thing to value is the effort of the students. Many times this effort is not reflected in the obtained qualification: there are childrens who without making an effort get an approved and other who, after much effort don’t manage to obtain it. As Albert Einstein said "Everybody is a genius but if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid"

References:
1. http://maestradecorazon.com/la-verdadera-importancia-de-las-calificaciones-escolares
2. https://ined21.com/asi-las-calificaciones-escolares-funcionan/
3. https://studentscantwait.edtrust.org/resource/school-ratings/

Word Count: 148 words

which represent how much practice a student has with respect to one or ore sujects and today i am going to explain why is this system effective. First, is that this system reduces the pressure in students, I mean that the students do not have to score a good grade for good impression, they olny target grade that can be achieved easily, with this method. Also that, with vigesimal systems we can identificate strengths and weaknesses because with this exact puntiation we can easily know what are you good at or where you should improve, like in cambridge exams where are different parts and with different scores in different categories we can knowwhere you are good and where you should improve. So to conclude this system is very good because they do not cause much stress and are very exactly showing our academic level.  

 
References:
1.https://taylorwilson.atavist.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-schools-grading-system

2.https://www.elconfidencial.com/alma-corazon-vida/2011-09-16/las-notas-sirven-para-algo_522449/
3.https://www.edutopia.org/discussion/our-grading-system-fair

Word count: 150 exactly

http://maestradecorazon.com/la-verdadera-importancia-de-las-calificaciones-escolares 
Word count:149

https://www.taringa.net/posts/offtopic/18940663/Tus-calificaciones-no-te-definen.html
2 

3= https://www.xuletas.es/ficha/caracteristicas-y-notas-distintivas-de-la-persona/
 
words count: 160

https://www.quora.com/Is-the-grading-system-in-high-school-effective 
2.

https://content.wisestep.com/advantages-disadvantages-grading-system-education/
3.
https://content.wisestep.com/advantages-disadvantages-grading-system-education/

https://blogs.elconfidencial.com/alma-corazon-vida/divan-digital/2011-10-17/son-los-alumnos-con-mejores-notas-los-mas-inteligentes_587972/
2

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/stereotype 

The grades do not define the future of the students since they may not be good at some things but at other if they only stive for what they think  is convenient for their future, it has also been seen that most students take a long time to understand the topic studied and when a grade is taken of what has been worked is done in a short period of time where the student do not have time to be able to study the subject better, and this can also cause emotional damage because a loose grade is where bulliyng stars since there are students who have better grades than others and fell superior that other
1.https://www.guiainfantil.com/blog/educacion/escuela-colegio/lo-que-esconden-las-malas-notas-de-los-ninos/
2.

The system of qualifications in schools, in my opinion, has a good side and a bad side, for example, people who study in China are known as the smartest in the world but today a comparison was made with a country in which he was not known much that is Finland in which they say that if you study less you learn more but instead in China it is, when you study more you learn more. Ami I like the Finland qualification system more because they have less practice there and they learn a lot maximum they will give 6 maximum practices a year and not like in China that you give a lot of practices a year. This shows that there are different ways to qualify people, but the best of all ways to qualify is by playing and practicing because this webpage says https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-41232085 which it shows us why education in Finland is better than in China and that there can be better qualification systems and in a way that is easier and more fun for everyone, also this website demonstrates that children who study in China many hours give results http: / /www.teinteresa.es/educa/culto-estudio-China-recetas-educacion_0_986302895.html 

But in Finland it is studied as 6 hours and they give good results and the schools are free there’re 

This would be my opinion about the best qualification systems and I am more to study minor because the tests that have been done show that if you study less as in Finland they can give good results, that is why Fray Elias went to Finland for the education cade see what it was like and see if it could be brought to Peru
REFERENCES:
1.https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-41232085
2.http://www.teinteresa.es/educa/culto-estudio-China-recetas-educacion_0_986302895.html
WORDS ACOUNTS: 280

The most important thing in a school is that teachers need know about how is the unfolding of the students so It is not advisable to assess only the rating itself. It is also not advisable to demand a certain grade from children. 

 Many times the effort is not reflected in the obtained qualification So we can conclude School grades should be seen as a measuring instrument . For this grades, exist two types: the letters and numbers 

For example for a B is a medium grade, an A is a perfect grade. With numbers is different because there can be more probabilities of a bad or worst grade, so we can know that the grade with numbers  is better because although is more used, is for see a more precise grade
https://www.mooxye.com/blog/gpa-y-el-sistema-americano-de-calificacion/

https://docs.moodle.org/all/es/Calificaciones_con_Letras#.C2.BFQu.C3.A9_son_las_calificaciones_con_letras.3F
https://elperuano.pe/noticia-calificaciones-seran-letras-y-no-habra-%E2%80%98jalados%E2%80%99-41901.aspx

 

The qualification system of the North American schools is from 0 to 10, however, here in Peru it is different because here it is rated from 0 to 20 and for me it is better, since it is very detailed and precise with respect to the score. . 

 

In Peru, a scale from 0 to 2010 was used in most schools. The minimum grade to pass was 11 or, failing that, 10.5, since it was averaged as such. 

 

In certain colleges and higher education centers, the minimum grade received was 05, reserving a grade of 00 to indicate that the student did not take the exam or committed a serious offense, such as plagiarism, except for some schools which were not considered a grade. . 

 

The note was usually accompanied by a letter, according to the following scale that was modified to become effective in 2017. 

 

Rating Notes 

18 - 20 AD 

14 - 17 A 

11 - 13 B 

00 - 10 C 

 

What each note implies in the new system 

AD: When the student shows a higher level than expected with respect to the competition. That is to say, their learning has a higher level than what had been anticipated. 

 

A: This implies that the student has demonstrated, with success, an optimal management in all the "proposed tasks" and is the level that is expected. 

 

B: It is when the young person is close to reaching the expected level but still requires more time to complete it. 

 

C: The student still has a very short progress with respect to what was expected. At this point the intervention of the teacher is required for its improvement. 

 

 

"The alphabetical descriptions are used to identify how near or far the student is in relation to what is expected to be achieved at the end of each cycle, with respect to a certain competence," says Minedu.
1) https://larepublica.pe/sociedad/776947-new-curriculo-escolar-change-system-of-qualification-and-lead-adios-the-roles
2) https://docs.moodle.org/all/es/Calificaciones_con_Letras
3) https://larepublica.pe/sociedad/947818-minedu-notas-en-libretas-escolares-ya-no-seran-con-numeros-sino-con-letras

Word Reference:147

A example of people that had bad grades were Steve Jobs,he never graduated from a university. Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates, either. Sergei Korolev, who launched the first artificial satellite into space, was pretty bad at school.
For many years the child who best added and subtracted the one that the bad grade brought out of class was the most intelligent. It has changed. Now we know that we must educate to solve the problems that we find in life.
Sources:
https.//blogs.elconfidencial.com/alma-corazon-vida/divan-digital/2011-10-17/son-los-alumnos-com-mejores-notas-los-mas-inteligentes 587972.
http://licenciadajimenez.blogspot.com/2016/06/las-calificaciones-no-son-importantes.html

 

 

1)https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/pisainfocus/PISA-in-Focus-26-esp.pdf
2)http://www.finanzaspersonales.co/trabajo-y-educacion/articulo/malas-calificaciones-influyen-para-encontrar-trabajo/57532
3)https://elpais.com/diario/1993/09/28/sociedad/749170804_850215.html 

https://www.elconfidencial.com/alma-corazon-vida/2011-09-16/las-notas-sirven-para-algo_522449/ 
 

http://maestradecorazon.com/la-verdadera-importancia-de-las-calificaciones-escolares

https://www.oei.es/historico/divulgacioncientifica/?Las-notas-escolares-y-su-incidencia-en-la-vida-cotidiana 

 Faced with the dangerous academic deformations, an evaluation is proposed as an aid to continue learning, incorporated into the normal activity of a school rich in formative experiences. An open and flexible evaluation, based on everyday processes and products in the classroom. Tables and tables can usefully substitute the ratings. The registration forms, the portfolio, the attentive follow-up of the teacher, the mechanisms to be accompanied and the children's learning. Self-evaluation and co-evaluation are an important part of the process. The evaluation must be complemented with support measures, aimed at facilitating the learning of overcoming their inadequacies. 

Cause of this the grading system in school is effective, because with the academic results from a student we can help him with advices and recomendations to get better. And, if this makes a difference between students, can show to him that he can do a better job.
 References:
1. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-25551997000100008
2. https://rieoei.org/historico/documentos/rie23a06.htm
3. https://www.unir.net/educacion/revista/noticias/estilos-de-aprendizaje-clasificacion-sensorial-y-propuesta-de-kolb/549201749973/
Words: 145

“Everything that is of quality supposes a good performance”(3); It is what a family seeks when it comes to the education of their children. Education can be defined as the process of socialization of individuals. When educated, a person assimilates and learns knowledge; but it takes time.” The Ministry of Education of the countries”(2),” takes the controls to ensure that children learn well and thus avoid poor quality learning, have a final control to ensure that young people are learning according to the needs of society”(1). This is a purpose for which the grading system is important, to know at what level each student is and what their reasoning is like. Another purpose, to motivate. When a student sees that a close companion has high and recognizable qualifications, he decides to challenge himself, to improve. It´s important to know this system doesn´t define a person, people judge you, need to know you deeply. 

 

Referneces: 

1.http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001836/183651s.pdf 

unesco 

2.http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/b3w-354.htm 

3.https://conceptodefinicion.de/calidad/ 

Nowadays it’s seen the usage of the grading system to evaluate the academic level that every people has at schools but does it really helps to evaluate any of us? From my point of view, the Grading System isn´t as effective as how it seems at school. 

First of all, obtaining a bad grade such like a cero, they are often creating deception on the person, resulting in many of them just giving up,72 ´´A zero has an undeserved and devastating influence, so much so that no matter what the student does, the grade distorts the final grade as a true indicator of mastery. Mathematically and ethically this is unacceptable”-Rick Wormelli, Portland, 2007. It is worth mentioning that not having been able to obtain the expected result can make the person suffer by not being able to reach the achievement, having disappointment of itself, but was it really the person’s fault? Also if we talk, about the teachers opinion, most of them feel bad at the moment were they use the grading system, because that means reducing the obtained grade, many of the students haven’t not been successful with the content. ´´Some of my colleagues have accused me of malpractice, suggesting I am ruining kids lives by not teaching them a lesson. And I guess of that I am guilty”-says Monte Syrie, 2016. And some of them said that you can´t  do averages with leeter grades because they could actually represent two numbers. 

ANA LUCIA