3/19 Polio disease study by Abigail Jasmine Martinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59 en-us 2023-03-19 07:16:02 UTC 2025-12-16 04:13:36 UTC hello@padlet.com I am choosing Poliomyelitis (polio) a disease caused by poliovirus. Poliovirus is a member of the Enterovirus genus, family Picornaviridae. abigailjmartinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2522039114 2023-03-19 07:25:09 UTC https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2522039114 Poliomyelitus 3/25 abigailjmartinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2531519431 Polio was first detected in children, by British doctor Michael Underwood.
The infectious agent for polio are small, nonenveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome. The virus is spread by oral-fecal contamination. It is an emerging infectious disease.
Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus.The virus spreads from person to person and can infect a person’s spinal cord, causing paralysis (can’t move parts of the body).

]]> 2023-03-25 23:59:48 UTC https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2531519431 Disease spread abigailjmartinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2540582223 Polio is believed to have first existed during ancient Egyptian times, where images show children walking with canes, with withered limbs characteristic of the disease.  The first known clinical description of polio was by British doctor Michael Underwood in  1789, and it was formally recognized as a condition in 1840 by German physician Jakob Heine.

 
There was a major outbreak of polio in New York City in 1916 that killed over 2000 people, and the worst recorded US outbreak in 1952 killed over 3000. 

By the mid-20th century, the poliovirus could be found all over the world and killed or paralysed over half a million people every year. 
]]> 2023-04-01 11:00:45 UTC https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2540582223 Virulence abigailjmartinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2546511647 Virulence means the degree to which an organism can cause disease, the severity of a disease. 
Polio is a highly infectious disease with the most virulent type being paralytic polio. Person-to-person spread of poliovirus occurs via the fecal-oral or oral-oral routes.  One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs). Among those paralysed, 5–10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized.Poliovirus has cell surface receptors that function as the virulence factor in the pathogen. The mutation rate of polioviruses based on several studies is approximately 3 × 10(-2) mutations/synonymous site/year in the gene encoding viral protein 1. Virulence has changed over time as up to the 19th century, populations experienced only relatively small outbreaks but around the beginning of the 20th century major epidemics occurred. ]]> 2023-04-06 17:52:06 UTC https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2546511647 Medical Advances abigailjmartinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2554232473 In late 1940's when polio outbreaks were at an alltime high, fear of polio was rampant. As a result, public health officials imposed quarantines  on homes and towns where polio cases were diagnosed. Once there was a polio vaccine, the number of polio cases fell rapidly. Vaccines used were: the oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), the only vaccine used in the United States since 2000. Some technologies used to eradicate wild polio in the African regions were GIS mapping,  Auto Visual AFP Detection and Reporting, electronic surveillance for real time monitoring of field activities, Digital Elevation Modelling – improving environmental surveillance, and eLQAS – electronic tracking of vaccination campaign quality. ]]> 2023-04-14 07:01:31 UTC https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2554232473 Leadership Response abigailjmartinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2554242914 The disease was handeled by leadership through programs being started. Most U.S. funding for polio is provided through CDC's global immunization program. There was also the Polio Vaccine Assistance Act of 1955, passed by the last session of the United States Congress in its closing days, and signed by President Eisenhower on August 12, which made possible federal grants to the states for the purchase of poliomyelitis vaccine and for the costs of planning and conducting vaccination. The CDC also Deploys personnel and resources to support country eradication efforts. Some things leadership could have done better was focus more on the impoverished communities from the beginning but they are doing that now. ]]> 2023-04-14 07:13:45 UTC https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2554242914 Society Effect abigailjmartinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2554258565 During the first couple cases of polio, around 1950s when still little was known about the disease, the main public reaction was fear. Polio terrified families leading to reactions such as isolation and social distancing. Other than little being known about the disease, polio also reminded middle-class families that they could not build worlds entirely in their control which was hard-hitting for a post WW2 society.  There was also a lot of misinformation spread and false theories made up such as the fly theory where polio was associated with flies, dirt and poverty. With the vaccine though, this hysteria subsided. The main behavior changes were hysteria and the reactions that came with that such as social distancing and fear of those infected with polio. Once society learned more about the disease and it's physical effects, theories were disproved and compliance with vaccinations helped with it's large elimination in the US. ]]> 2023-04-14 07:30:45 UTC https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2554258565 Padlet Final Reflection abigailjmartinez https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2573194773 The most revealing aspect I learned was about the disease spread and the hysteria polio first caused in society. It was interesting to see the similarities with COVID in how theories were made up about its origin and how there was a lot of fear in society about polio when it first emerged. Something that surprised me was the leadership response and the funding created by the CDC like the polio vaccine assistance act of 1955. Something I came across that should have been part of the padlet assignment was  the risk factors of the disease and preventative measures. ]]> 2023-05-01 00:07:20 UTC https://padlet.com/abigailjmartinez/2fq8f4qaeryems59/wish/2573194773