specific language components and levels.

L1 can help, but it also causes interference

L2 for academic purpose

(Reading, Listening....)

interpersonal

Productive: Speaking and Writing

Receptive: Reading and Listening

• function words: words that don't have meaning but they work as a connector.

• idioms

• collocation

• metaphors

  Morphology (word structure)

• suffix

• prefix

  Phonology

• phonemes

• intonation

  
  

• non-verbal structure (gesture, posture, and eye contact)

• coherence

• cohesion

When you read you will be able to obtain grammatical rules, and vocabulary.

Listening and Reading help build vocab, cultural and writing knowledge

Being fluent in receptive will lead to being fluent in productive.

Top down processing is when the speaker use their cultural understanding to understanding of the vocab.

Writing is disassociated from production.

Steps to proficient writing

Context knowledge who they are writing to

Content knowledge what are they writing

Cultural knowledge what is the cultural background

L2 writing and academic writing

Turn-taking: taking turns (bac-to-back communication)

miming: interfere with language exchange sometimes (misunderstanding)

• SLA: How individuals acquire knowledge

System of knowledge:

Understanding Grammar and Structure

Pragmatic competence: formal and informal language

communicative competence: They can adjust their speech

respond accordingly

application of prior knowledge

Processing of language input

automatization

interaction

exposure

relation of L1 to L2

Motivation

Aptitude

Pronunciation

Grammatical

word choice

Sentence Structure

It is difficult to achieve native-language competence if you've passed the critical period.

allocate the activities that play to their strength

teaching should accommodate the learners' nature.

Grammar translation is not useful to learners who focus on conversational purpose

Before, it is teacher-centered

Now, it is more student-centered

Pedagogy first, technology second.

Willy Renandy

aligned with pedagogy

SLA application to using technology in digital age. Imput output