Optometry 324 by Kyaw Zaw Win https://padlet.com/KyawZawWin/2es35do6ny9r Review on Midterm Ocular Diseases en-us 2017-08-21 02:46:40 UTC 2017-08-21 17:54:56 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Terminator.png Discuss one topic from the following by each of you. (one topic by only one person) KyawZawWin https://padlet.com/KyawZawWin/2es35do6ny9r/wish/181801067 Thanks
1. What is basal skull fracture?
-Discuss the signs of it.
-List the systemic features of increased
intracranial pressure.
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2. What are common malignancies of head and neck?
-Which of them is commonest and list the type of it?
-List the management of lid malignancy.
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3. List differential diagnosis of lid lesions.
-Discuss the pathology of chalazion and its management.

]]> 2017-08-21 02:51:33 UTC https://padlet.com/KyawZawWin/2es35do6ny9r/wish/181801067 1 shirleylau19952 https://padlet.com/KyawZawWin/2es35do6ny9r/wish/181829467 Basal skull fracture is the fracture of the base of the skull  typically involving the temporal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, and/or ethmoid bone.

-Signs
  • 1. Battle's sign -- bruising of the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
  • 2. Raccoon eyes -- bruising around the eyes, i.e. "black eyes" (periorbital hemorrage)
3. subconjunctival hemorrhage
4. ptosis
5. Bleeding (sometimes profuse) from the nose and ears

Systemic features
- Increased ICP from any cause decreases cerebral perfusion, stimulates further swelling (edema), and shifts brain tissue through openings in the rigid dura, resulting in brain herniation 
- LOC (loss of consciousness)and later by abnormal respiratory and vasomotor responses

]]> 2017-08-21 07:32:39 UTC https://padlet.com/KyawZawWin/2es35do6ny9r/wish/181829467 2 myglassflower https://padlet.com/KyawZawWin/2es35do6ny9r/wish/181886016 Common malignancies of head and neck can be squamous cell carcinoma and non-squamous cell carcinoma.

- The commonest malignancy of head and neck is "squamous cell carcinoma" and its type include malignancies of
1. oral cavity & oropharynx,
2. larynx and hypophaynx,
3. nasopharynx
4. nasal cavity & paranasal sinus.

- Management of lid malignancy are
1. Biopsy
2. Surgical excision
3. Reconstruction
4. Radio Therapy
5. Cryotherapy]]> 2017-08-21 14:48:04 UTC https://padlet.com/KyawZawWin/2es35do6ny9r/wish/181886016 3 lmingli20 https://padlet.com/KyawZawWin/2es35do6ny9r/wish/181925375 The differential diagnosis of lid lesions are 
1. Benign lesions
2. Malignant tumours
3. Disorder of lashes
4. Allergic disorders
5. Infection
6. Inflammation of lid margin
7. Ectropion
8. Entropion

Pathology of chalazion is an inflammatory reaction induced by leakage of retained sebaceous secretions into stromal tissues.

Management of chalazion are
lid massage, warm compression and steroid eyedrops can also be used.

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