SP22 689 Weekly Wall 6 by Sara Police

A journey into a Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analyses.

emaleehaynes — 2022-02-16 21:04:57 UTC

A journey into a Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analyses - PubMed (nih.gov)

Emalee Haynes

This study looked at glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors as a result of a patient’s diet choice for those with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The main object was to decide specifically if the Mediterranean diet was effective for these components as compared to other fad diets. The study did find that the Mediterranean diet was found to be associated with a better glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factor control versus other fad diets (NIH). The clinical implications for this finding are more solid supports for recommending this diet choice for patients with diabetes, heart conditions, etc. Additionally, this study found an improvement in cholesterol levels and reduction in body weight for patients following the Mediterranean diet. Having more evidence from actual patients will make patients being counseling on it by healthcare providers feel likely more confident because they know other people like them have tried it. Knowing that this is more of a tested diet that worked would likely improving willingness to try and confidence in being successful.

Esposito K, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Chiodini P, Panagiotakos D, Giugliano D. A journey into a Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analyses. BMJ Open. 2015 Aug 10;5(8):e008222. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008222. PMID: 26260349; PMCID: PMC4538272.

Dietary Fiber and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Related Mechanisms

Ellen_Reusch — 2022-02-18 02:15:21 UTC

Ellen Reusch

For this week's topic, we learned about metabolic syndrome and some of the nutritional approaches that patients might enlist in order to treat some of the aspects of MetS. One of those approaches included increasing their fiber intake in order to manage hyperlipidemia. In relation to that concept, I found this article documenting a meta-analysis that was conducted in 2017 on several observational studies in order to evaluate whether dietary fiber intake was actually beneficial at reducing MetS risk. Prior to this review, the data was inconsistent. However, after compiling all the data together in a larger view, these researchers determined that increased dietary fiber intake was indeed inversely associated with MetS risk. In addition to decreasing lipid content, some of the mechanisms by which fiber could affect MetS risk include: promoting weight loss, improving glucose homeostasis, and decreasing blood pressure. This could be an important finding for physicians as they may be able to recommend patients increase their daily fiber intake if they feel that the patient is at risk of developing MetS.

Chen, Jia-Ping, et. al. Dietary Fiber and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Related Mechanisms. nutrients. 26 December 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793252/pdf/nutrients-10-00024.pdf

Effects of probiotic yogurt on glycemic indexes and endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with metabolic syndrome - post by COLE ZETTER

colezetter — 2022-02-19 10:12:26 UTC

For this week's weekly wall, I read an article related to MetS titled Effects of pobiotic yogurt on glycemic indexes and endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. I found this study to be important first and foremost because it broke down what MetS is by explaining that MetS is a syndrome which can be characterized by patients being diagnosed with interrelated cardiovascular risk factors. These risk factors greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The components of MetS are found to include abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Within this study, the actual aim was to assess the effects of probiotic yogurt on glycemic indexes and endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. One key finding that I found in this study was that consumption of probiotic yogurt resulted in a significant reduction in the level of blood glucose. This is a positive outcome for patients with metabolic syndrome. I found that to be very remarkable for on a nutrition/metabolism level. I would say that the clinical implications of this study would be that if I were a clinician and I were dealing with a patient diagnosed with MetS that has high blood glucose, I would recommend that they include probiotic yogurt in their daily diet while at the same time excluding excess unnecessary sugars like sodas, candy, etc.

T2DM put in remission by personalized diet.

rwpr222 — 2022-02-19 15:56:32 UTC

Posted by Richard Proudfoot

The research paper selected for this week is titled: “Effects of personalized diets by prediction of glycemic responses on glycemic control and metabolic health in newly diagnosed T2DM: a randomized dietary intervention pilot trial

This research paper is a pilot randomized crossover trial of 23 newly diagnosed T2DM patients of 2-week-long dietary intervention, followed by an additional 6-month studied diet intervention. The studied personalized postprandial targeting (PPT) diet was based on a machine learning algorithm that integrates clinical and microbiome features to predict personal postprandial glucose responses (PPGR). (This was determined by a previous dietary study by the same group: “Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses.,” DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001) The control diet was the commonly proscribed Mediterranean diet. Participants were connected to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) throughout the study and self-recorded dietary intake using a smartphone application. The study comes from Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel,

This study is important because out of 16 participants in the long-term intervention, 13 had HbA1c levels > 6.5% (threshold for diabetes diagnosis) at baseline, and 8 of them (61%) reached HbA1c levels < 6.5% at 6 months, indicating diabetes remission.

The key findings from this study in this short-term crossover dietary intervention in adults with newly diagnosed T2DM and naive to glucose-lowering medications, an algorithm-based personalized postprandial targeting (PPT) diet, successfully improved CGM-based measures of average PPGR, glucose fluctuations, and daily time with glucose levels > 140 mg/dl, as compared to a commonly recommended Mediterranean-style (MED) diet. Additional 6-month PPT intervention resulted in significant improvements in multiple metabolic parameters, including HbA1c, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, daily time with glucose levels > 140 mg/dl, and blood triglycerides.

Clinical implication from of this study is that non-calorie-restricted interventions directly targeting reductions in PPGRs may be more effective than standard medical and nutritional care for improving glycemic control in newly diagnosed T2DM. 1 My personal observations is that patients have CGMs but no instructions in how to use the data to determine a personalized health promoting diet. This study shows we need to target postprandial glucose control.

Rein, M., Ben-Yacov, O., Godneva, A. et al. Effects of personalized diets by prediction of glycemic responses on glycemic control and metabolic health in newly diagnosed T2DM: a randomized dietary intervention pilot trial. BMC Med 20, 56 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02254-y

Posted by Richard Proudfoot

Green Tea and Metabolic Syndrome: A 10-year Research Update Review. -Ashley Wahlman

anwa238 — 2022-02-19 20:23:30 UTC

This study is important because it points out that it can be quite taxing on the healthcare system to treat MetS. Therefore, they decided to look into the therapeutic properties associated with green tea, which could be a possible novel mechanism in aiding to combat the symptoms associated with MetS. I thought this was interesting because green tea is something that is accessible to so many people and easily found, which would make it a great solution for this condition. In a study using green tea to look at blood pressure and blood glucose levels they found that green tea diminished blood glucose and insulin levels. This occurred restoring AKT activity and GLUT4 transporter activity. This resulted in very interesting data. It relates to nutritional science because it comes back to a diet modification of adding in green tea. This has great clinical implications because it allows physicians to recommend something that isn't completely overpriced or another pill that a patient must take. Instead, it is a simple and affordable solution for patients that it is pretty simple to add into someone's lifestyle. However, I would be cautious still moving forward with this remedy. There were a couple of studies that negated the results achieved as well. So, I believe this may be a potential solution for metabolic syndrome, but more research would need to be done on the efficacy of this potential treatment.

Reference
Esmaeelpanah, E., Razavi, B. M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2021). Green tea and metabolic syndrome: A 10-year research update review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 24(9), 1159–1172. https://doi-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/10.22038/IJBMS.2021.52980.11943

Ivana Djuricic--time-restricted feeding

2022-02-20 19:48:05 UTC

Hatori, Megumi et al. “Time-Restricted Feeding Without Reducing Caloric Intake Prevents Metabolic Diseases in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.” Cell metabolism 15.6 (2012): 848–860. Web.

One of the reasons this study is important is that almost all of the time when we think of nutrition, we think of what we eat and not when we eat it. As a former night shift worker, I was intrigued by this article because it tries to elucidate the effects that eating rhythms, or the disruption of, have on metabolic health. Could regulating eating/fasting times modulate the onset of metabolic disease? This study fed standard or high-fat diets to mice and divided them into 2 groups for each category: ad lib (could eat any time, day or night) and time-restricted feeding (tRF) (restricted the amount of time the mice had to eat).

While there are a couple of interesting findings, I think a key one is that tRF prevented enlarged liver and liver damage (measured via ALT) for mice on a high-fat diet. For results in the murine model for liver weight (measure for enlarged liver), mice that were fed a time-restricted high fat diet had a significantly lower weight and it was actually comparable to the mice that were fed a normal chow diet—ad lib (Figure 4). It relates to nutritional sciences because it is another tool when planning dietary recommendations for a patient at high risk of metabolic syndrome. Not only asking what the patient is eating, but establishing a regimen of when they can eat so that eating patterns synergize with the complex relationship between circadian oscillators and metabolic regulators.

Clinically, tRF could be used to prevent obesity and the metabolic diseases associated with it. Incorporating it in a clinical plan gives providers more avenues to help patients understand the importance nutrition plays in their health. Given the potential of overlapping conditions and drug-drug interactions for the complex treatment of metabolic diseases, it could potentially be a viable nonpharmaceutical alternative.

Dietary Fiber and Diseases Associated with Metabolic Syndrome- Cole Cincinelli

ccci222 — 2022-02-20 23:55:58 UTC

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by 3 out of 5 of the following factors: waist circumference, triglycerides, blood sugar, blood pressure and HDL level. Low levels of HDL can be associated with high levels of bad cholesterol or LDL. High levels of bad cholesterol can then lead to disease of the heart and circulatory system leading to other risk factors. One study documented a protective effect of dietary fiber on the reduction of heart disease by lowering LDL levels[1]. This study found significant results with at least 7g fiber/ day to lower LDL cholesterol and Mayo Clinic says “5 to 10 grams or more of soluble fiber a day decreases your LDL cholesterol.” Three major biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cholesterol-reducing effects of soluble fiber diet: prevention of bile salt reabsorption from the small intestine leading to an excess fecal bile salt excretion; reduced glycemic response leading to lower insulin stimulation of hepatic cholesterol synthesis; and physiological effects of soluble fiber diet[2]. Soluble fiber can also slow the absorption of sugar and help improve blood sugar levels which is helpful to metabolic syndrome patients[3]. The abundance of dietary fiber in whole grain, fruits, and vegetables, makes diet an attractive target for disease prevention and reduction of risk of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

[1] Soliman GA. Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients. 2019; 11(5):1155. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051155

[2] Gunness, P., & Gidley, M. J. (2010). Mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-lowering properties of soluble dietary fibre polysaccharides. Food & function, 1(2), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0fo00080a

[3]“How to Add More Fiber to Your Diet.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 6 Jan. 2021, https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983#:~:text=Soluble%20fiber%20found%20in%20beans,reducing%20blood%20pressure%20and%20inflammation.

Andrea Ballinger: Nut Consumption and Decreased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

2022-02-21 00:02:06 UTC

The paper I chose for this week shows a correlation between lower risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome with increased nut consumption. It is a longitudinal study conducted over a 5 year period between nut/tree nut consumers and non consumers. Nuts are low in saturated fatty acids, high in dietary fiber, vitamin E, and other bioactive compounds that work as antioxidants and are anti-inflammatory. There is also some data to show that nut consumption can help improve insulin resistance, but this particular paper was inconclusive. The nutritional benefits of nut consumption is particularly important with MetS and potential risk prevention because increasing soluble fiber helps with hyperlipidemia, as well as limiting saturated fats and increasing monounsaturated fats (like nuts). Limiting saturated fats, and increasing monounsaturated fats also helps with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and low HDL. The results of the study showed that nut consumption was correlated with high levels of HDL, lower BMI and weight circumference versus non-nut consumers. These results are important because it provides additional information on the role nutrition plays in the development of MetS. Although pistachios and walnuts are not entire meals, they do offer an alternative to other quick on the go food sources that may be more harmful to someone with a MetS comorbidity.

Carol E O'Neil, Debra R Keast, Theresa A Nicklas & Victor L Fulgoni III (2011) Nut Consumption Is Associated with Decreased Health Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome in U.S. Adults: NHANES 1999–2004, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 30:6, 502-510, DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719996

Katelyn Spain: A High-Protein Diet With Resistance Exercise Training Improves Weight Loss and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2022-02-21 02:52:39 UTC

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different low-fat hypocaloric diets, both differing in carbohydrate to protein ratios, with the addition of resistance exercise training or without, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in overweight patients diagnosed with type II diabetes. It was found that there was a significant reduction in body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference in patients that were given the treatment of a high protein diet and resistance exercise training. A significant finding of this study was that there was no significant difference in the total energy intake of the different groups, but those patients consuming high protein diets with exercise, exhibited increasing training loads in exercise, opposed to those not on the high protein diet. This shows that an increase in protein can increase muscle strength and reduce body fat. The clinical implications of this study are they primary care physicians that have patients with type II diabetes, can recommend a high protein diet with resistance exercise training to help reduce body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference in these patients.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study- Esraa Zamzami

ezamzamiez — 2022-02-22 04:32:59 UTC

The study I chose for this week’s wall is an observational study that included 5739 participants with metabolic syndrome features who were either obese or overweight. The study examined different lifestyle factors that may increase or decrease the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome. The main key finding of this study is that participants who had higher levels of depression risk and a sedentary lifestyle had a higher metabolic syndrome severity score. These participants tended to consume a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern that was high in saturated fats, trans fat, protein, and processed meats. On the other hand, participants with lower levels of depression risk and a more active lifestyle had a lower metabolic syndrome severity score. These low-risk patients consumed an antioxidant dietary pattern and were more adherent to a Mediterranean diet. This study is strongly related to nutritional sciences because it directly examines different dietary patterns and their impact on the severity of the disease. It is a critical study because it sheds light on the harmful effect of a sedentary lifestyle and bad eating habits that many people have developed as their everyday lifestyle. The clinical implication of this study is that people should be more encouraged to develop a healthy lifestyle by being more physically active and developing antioxidant dietary patterns.

Gallardo-Alfaro, L., Bibiloni, M., Mascaró, C. M., Montemayor, S., Ruiz-Canela, M., Salas-Salvadó, J., Corella, D., Fitó, M., Romaguera, D., Vioque, J., Alonso-Gómez, Á. M., Wärnberg, J., Martínez, J. A., Serra-Majem, L., Estruch, R., Fernández-García, J. C., Lapetra, J., Pintó, X., García Ríos, A., Bueno-Cavanillas, A., … Tur, J. A. (2020). Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study. Nutrients, 12(4), 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041013

Seonwook Kim: Hypolipidemic Effect of Tomato Juice in Hamsters in High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia

2022-02-22 18:23:18 UTC

My selected article is how tomato juice ameliorates hyperlipidemia in high cholesterol diet hamster model. This study is important because the key point of diet management is how easy to access foods. Tomato is a globally famous food and easy to access. And their phytonutrients including lycopene and beta-carotene are well known for antioxidants. In this study, this research group investigated the beneficial effects of processed tomato juice. The experimental hamster group had high-cholesterol diet for inducing hyperlipidemia condition and were consumed tomato juice for six weeks. Then they investigated the lipid profile of serum, liver, and feces. High cholesterol diet significantly increased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL/HDL ratio, hepatic and fetal TC and TG levels. The key finding of this study is that the tomato juice supplement group decreased serum TC, TG, LDL/HDL ratio, hepatic and fetal TC and TG levels. As a clinical implication, tomato may be useful in treating or preventing the onset of hyperlipidemia. As we learned in this week's module diet plan, tomato can be easily added to any type of diet plan in TLC III, DASH, Mediterranean.

Lee LC, Wei L, Huang WC, Hsu YJ, Chen YM, Huang CC. Hypolipidemic Effect of Tomato Juice in Hamsters in High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia. Nutrients. 2015 Dec 17;7(12):10525-37. doi: 10.3390/nu7125552. PMID: 26694461; PMCID: PMC4690101.

Effect of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiometabolic risk, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome

MitchellWatts — 2022-02-22 20:14:37 UTC

Posted by Mitchell Watts

This review discussed findings on the comparison between a low-carbohydrate, specifically a ketogenic diet, versus a standard low-fat diet in the treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and systemic inflammation seen in metabolic syndrome. A very low carb diet (VCLD) or ‘ketogenic’ diet requires carb intake to ideally be less than 20 grams per day or at most 50 grams per day. Nutritional ketosis results from a severe restriction of carbs, and this metabolic effect has been found to stabilize serum glucose and minimize insulin release seen in hyperinsulinemia.

The author mentions one clinical trial that involved 262 patients with T2DM, and separated them into a control group diet based on typical ADA diet guidelines and a VLCD group. The researchers confirmed diet adherence and nutritional ketosis over 1 year. The VLCD group compared to control had greater reductions in weight loss and improvement in triglycerides, HDL, LDL, HbA1c, and 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk. In another meta-analysis that compared standard low-carb (not a VLCD) with a low-fat diet for patients with overweight/obesity. The low-carb diet participants had statistically significant greater improvement in weight loss and reduced CVD risk. Lastly, a VLCD compared to a low-fat diet showed greater reduction in inflammatory markers.

Clinically, these findings warrant continued research and randomized control trials of a ketogenic diet to improve outcomes with markers of metabolic syndrome, particularly with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In my opinion though, this diet is not feasible for everyone and could lead to nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, I would only recommend it if standard diet recommendations, such as a Mediterranean or ADA diet guidelines, were not effective and the patient would have good compliance with a ketogenic diet. Though I imagine this could also be useful for short term treatment. This could be helpful for a patient to become more metabolically healthy, but then focus on a standard healthy diet long term.

O'Neill B. J. (2020). Effect of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiometabolic risk, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 27(5), 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000569

Joe Devine: Exercise and type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms regulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle

2022-02-22 21:22:53 UTC

The purpose of this study is to highlight the molecular mechanistic changes the body undergoes during exercise and how that translates to treatment for type 2 diabetes. The study shows that people can prevent insulin resistance and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by 58% through diet and regular exercise (~150 min/week). The article also highlights a study that showed ~11% of patents that had a remission of type 2 diabetes diagnosis through an interventional diet and exercise regiment. The clinical implication that this article highlights is that there is improvement at the molecular level that can be utilized through simple means in order to aid in the treatment of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. These “means” not only lead to healthy lifestyle choices but to a higher quality of life and in many cases have a longitudinal benefit in terms of mortality outcome.

Stanford, K. I., & Goodyear, L. J. (2014). Exercise and type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms regulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Advances in physiology education, 38(4), 308–314. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00080.2014

Tamunoerenomie Inimgba: Cardiac Health in Women With Metabolic Syndrome.

tonyeinimgba99 — 2022-02-22 22:42:30 UTC

The article focuses on identifying the gender disparity that may be present in patients with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is known to affect both men and women of all races and increases heart diseases in both genders, however there seems to be an increased prevalence in women, especially women aged 45-64 years. Previous studies have e shown that without metabolic syndrome, women experience a significantly lower risk of heart disease before menopause when compared to age-matched males, and the incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease increases post menopause. It has been suggested that the interaction between female sex hormones such as estrogen and specific risk factors for metabolic syndrome may be responsible for this gender bias that is seen in the disease. A key finding in the article was that the gender difference in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome may be highlighted by numerous factors including intrinsic electromechanical properties myocardial structure , adipokine and inflammatory status, which female sex hormones such as estrogen definitely play a role in regulation of some of these factors during the progression of metabolic syndrome. The clinical implications of the study would be to provide a better understanding of the gender difference , which would help to offer new ideas that could reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the different co-morbidities that come alongside it.
Ren, & Kelley, R. O. (2009). Cardiac Health in Women With Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Aspects and Pathophysiology. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 17(6), 1114–1123. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.8

Rhoda Inimgba: Supplementation Effect of a Combination of Olive(Olea europea L.) Leaf and Fruit Extracts in theClinical Management of Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome.

inimgbamiebi2000 — 2022-02-22 22:48:25 UTC

The purpose of this study was to analyze how effective supplementation could be in clinically managing hypertension and metabolic syndrome. This is important because most times after taking the drugs prescribed by physicians, that might not be enough for better health. This is because our diet plays a huge role when it comes to our health. Knowing different kinds of food we can put in place to manage a disease or just live healthy generally is important. This study focuses on a combination of olive leaf and fruit extracts as a supplement to be able to manage hypertension and metabolic syndrome. One key finding of the study was that they found out that a combination of olive leaf extract and fruit extract could most likely be a non-pharmacological solution to people who have hypertension and metabolic syndrome. This is great because most of the side effects associated with this extracts were just headache, nausea, diarrhea which can easily be managed. This related to nutritional sciences as this study shows that making supplements to our diet can be important in helping with giving individuals a better health without having to take drugs which could be more expensive. The clinical implications of this study is that it gives patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome more options to be able to deal with their illness. They could either go the pharmacological route or herbal route or maybe even both.

Hermans, M. P., Lempereur, P., Salembier, J.-P., Maes, N., Albert, A., Jansen, O., & Pincemail, J. (2020). Supplementation effect of a combination of olive (olea Europea L.) leaf and fruit extracts in the clinical management of hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Antioxidants, 9(9), 872.https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090872

Sidney Harm: Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil supplementation on metabolic syndrome components: A randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

sidneyharm — 2022-02-23 00:04:09 UTC

Metabolic Syndrome is a diagnosis that an individual will have when meeting three out of five of the criteria. The criteria includes; waist circumference, triglycerides > or = 150 mg/dL, HDL-C <40 mg/dL (men) or <50 mg/dL (women), blood pressure > or = 130/> or = 85, and a fasting glucose > or = 100 mg/dL. This diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome increases an individuals chance for Type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease¹. This study looks at the impact of a cumin essential oil supplement on the metabolic syndrome parameters. One reason this study interested me out of the others while researching was the look at some kind of supplement or treatment that isn’t necessarily a “drug” and more of a natural alternative. Overall the study didn’t have very positive outcomes for the cumin essential oil supplement none of the parameters showed significant improvements expect for individuals diastolic blood pressure, which I found out and wonder why it would’ve caused a different in diastolic blood pressure but no other parameter measured.

References:

1. Morovati, Pourghassem Gargari, B., & Sarbakhsh, P. (2019). Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil supplementation on metabolic syndrome components: A randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research, 33(12), 3261–3269. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6500

Julie Rees: Clinical study finds eating within 10-hour window may help stave off diabetes, heart disease

tccjrr — 2022-02-23 01:13:09 UTC

In this section we looked a couple diets for metabolic syndrome including the Mediterranean and DASH diets. Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been studied in animals for years and has recently caught on as a weight loss option for humans. A group in California did a small study (n=19) on patients with metabolic syndrome who were taking medications for cholesterol and/or hypertension. The goal was to determine if TRE could enhance the effects of the medications. After 12 weeks of only eating inside a 10 hour window each day, patients had improved numbers and reduced belly fat. TRE is a simple diet for patients to follow since calories are not counted and the only restriction is when you can eat. Patient compliance is an issue that should be considered when making recommendation so TRE may be a good option along with medications if other lifestyles changes do not appear to be working or being followed. It would be interesting to see the results of a similar study with a large group of participants. I could not find the full study paper outside of libraries.uky.edu so I have attached an article discussing the findings.

A perspective on vegetarian dietary patterns and risk of metabolic syndrome- Lydia Duncan

lrdu229 — 2022-02-23 01:47:44 UTC

For this week’s topic, I picked an article review of the vegetarian diet and its connections to Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this article was to present the known research on vegetarian dietary patterns and the risk of developing MetS from said diet. This review is important because it helps us compile and evaluate the already existing research, which then allows us to see what areas might need more research. This article was also interesting because it included some research on the Mediterranean diet in association to MetS, which we know is closer to a vegetarian diet that the typical Western diet is (less of a focus on meat and more of a focus on fruits, veggies, etc.).

There were a few key points from this article that I would like to highlight. Three large studies (the Isle of Ely, Malmo Diet and Cancer Project and the CARDIA study) were combined, and found that dietary patterns with a high meat intake were associated with the criteria of MetS. On the other hand, they found that dietary patterns that were high in vegetables, fruit, and dairy were associated with a lower prevalence of MetS. Another study cross-sectionally evaluated 773 individuals, and found that the individuals with a vegetarian dietary pattern had a 56% lower risk of developing MetS than their non-vegetarian counterparts.

This review relates to nutritional sciences because the studying of different dietary patterns has become very common. While it focused heavily on a vegetarian dietary pattern, it also included an article that assessed the consumption of fruits and vegetables among children and their associated risks for MetS later on in life (27 year study). They found that children with a high vegetable consumption had a 14% lower risk of developing MetS, and children with a lower vegetable consumption were found to have a higher risk of high blood pressure.

A clinical implication from this study is that getting less of your food intake from meats and more from fruits and vegetables can potentially lower a patients risk of developing MetS (along with a few other conditions). While this review did help show the benefits of a vegetarian diet, we must remember that no dietary pattern is perfect for every individual in preventing conditions like MetS.
Sabaté, J., & Wien, M. (2015). A perspective on vegetarian dietary patterns and risk of metabolic syndrome. British Journal of Nutrition, 113(S2), S136-S143. doi:10.1017/S0007114514004139

Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of type 2 diabetes, and its clinical interpretations and usefulness: posted by Jaida Garrett

jaidag99 — 2022-02-23 02:06:19 UTC

This study brings forth important information useful for countries who may be increasing in numbers for metabolic syndrome. Developing Western countries and Asian countries have been rising in metabolic syndrome so researchers are trying to find a way to detect metabolic disorders with individuals who have metabolic syndrome. Specifically the study looks at how metabolic syndrome can be used as a predictor for type 2diabetes. If this is ossicle, it will be good for the health of the patient and overall public health of the effected population. They found that IFG was the strongest predictor for type 2 development, other factors are such as RR is a better implication for CVD. Clinically the hope is for patients to become motivated to make a lifestyle change when diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. It’s important because the earlier one can detect symptoms with metabolic syndrome, they can catch the developing disease before it develops. This results in lowered cardiovascular complications and prevention of diabetes. Overall the study came to the conclusion that using metabolic syndrome is a great way to diagnose or predict diabetes and CVD.

Shin, J.-A., Lee, J.-H., Lim, S.-Y., Ha, H.-S., Kwon, H.-S., Park, Y.-M., Lee, W.-C., Kang, M.-I., Yim, H.-W., Yoon, K.-H., & Son, H.-Y. (2013, May 28). Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of type 2 diabetes, and its clinical interpretations and usefulness. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jdi.12075

Cassie Craig: The major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease in high-fat-fed mice

Cassie_Craig — 2022-02-23 02:41:46 UTC

This study is important because it shows potential impacts of a major green tea polyphenol (EGCG) in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mice used in this experiment were fed a diet with a high fat content with the intention of mimicking MetS symptoms. It was found that the EGCG treatment lowered obesity levels as well as symptoms of MetS. The treatment was long term which is a consideration that scientists should take moving forward, as patients would have to include green tea in their diet long term to see possible results. This applies to nutritional sciences because in humans, EGCG treatment is a nutrient supplement that can impact this disease. Although this study was done in mice, it has the potential to be applied to the clinical setting. Scientists can take this information and start doing studies in humans with MetS and see if the same effects occur. More specifically, patients could possibly combat symptoms of MetS by consuming green tea in their diet as a supplement.

Bose M, Lambert JD, Ju J, Reuhl KR, Shapses SA, Yang CS. The major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr. 2008 Sep;138(9):1677-83. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.9.1677. PMID: 18716169; PMCID: PMC2586893.

Metabolic syndrome and clinical outcomes in patients infected with COVID‐19 - Dierra Doaks

2022-02-23 04:43:39 UTC

The paper that I am discussing is about the association between metabolic syndrome and mortality, need for ventilation, and need for the intensive care unit among patients with covid-19. The study done was important because data for the on metabolic syndrome and covid-19 is scarce right now. A cohort study was done on close to two thousand subjects with covid-19. All of the subjects were over 18 years old. Data was collected on the subjects demographics including BMI, smoking, what happened during their hospital stays with covid-19, and their comorbidities. The results of the study were interesting. Patients with metabolic syndrome had increased mortality rates, increased need for mechanical ventilation, and higher admission into the intensive care unit in the hospital. These rates were regardless of their age, sex, and or race. This paper was important because it showed that metabolic syndrome is a good prognostic indicator for the outcomes in patients with covid-19.

Lohia, Prateek et al. “Metabolic Syndrome and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Infected with COVID‐19: Does Age, Sex, and Race of the Patient with Metabolic Syndrome Matter?” Journal of diabetes 13.5 (2021): 420–429. Web.

Potassium Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2010 (Richard Adefioye)

2022-02-23 04:44:51 UTC

Positive dietary choices are one of the lifestyle changes that can be made in an attempt to manage metabolic syndrome, and one of those changes is to reduce sodium and/or increase potassium intake.

I found this paper that looked at the correlation between potassium intake and metabolic syndrome. The study was based on a survey by the Korean National Health Council that ran from 2008 to 2010. Over 16,000 participants including men and women were involved in this study.

The key finding that stood out for me in this study was that potassium intake was inversely associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, as there was an 11% increase in metabolic syndrome risk for every 1 g reduction in daily potassium intake in women that consumed less than adequate potassium levels.

Another interesting result of this study is that this effect was more pronounced in post-menopausal women, but not observed in men.

Reference:

Lee H, Lee J, Hwang SS, et al. Potassium intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55106. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055106

Research Article Avocado Oil Supplementation Modifies Cardiovascular Risk Profile Markers in a Rat Model of Sucrose-Induced Metabolic Changes

clwi230 — 2022-02-23 04:59:57 UTC

-Clarisa Williams

The researchers aimed to evaluate the use of avocado oil and its effects in rats with metabolic changes. This study utilized rats to evaluate the effects of avocado oil and olive oil for the animals on increased sucrose consumption. The researchers had found that the use of avocado oil resulted in a lower levels of triglycerides. TG levels were higher in the rat groups that received higher sucrose in the diet compared to the group that did not. Avocado is commonly recommended as a nutritional adaptation to help reduce the risk of diabetes, normalize blood cholesterol, and is a good source of antioxidants. Since the use of avocado oil has been associated with the reduction of triglycerides, nutritionists and those involved in creating a management plan can consider utilizing avocado oil as a supplement. The use of avocado oil can be a supplement for those at elevated risk for metabolic syndrome and who potential have elevated blood sugar levels.

Carvajal-Zarrabal, O., Nolasco-Hipolito, C., Aguilar-Uscanga, M. G., Melo-Santiesteban, G., Hayward-Jones, P. M., & Barradas-Dermitz, D. M. (2014). Avocado oil supplementation modifies cardiovascular risk profile markers in a rat model of sucrose-induced metabolic changes. Disease markers, 2014.

Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity

smayer2247 — 2022-02-23 05:00:13 UTC

As we know, obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and increased rates of metabolic syndrome diagnosis. High levels of stored adipose tissue results in increased systemic low-grade bodily inflammation and can trigger over activation of the immune system. This paper presents the impact of the Mediterranean diet and how it can help elongate the lives of those living with metabolic syndrome and help reduce the risk of developing cancer. Those people who live in countries that border the Mediterranean sea, who follow this diet, have much lower incidence rates of cancer.

Areas of chronic low-grade inflammation produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on surrounding tissue. Reactive oxygen species are constantly being produced and can play a hand in increased oxidative stress. This diet, antioxidants in particular, help play a role in reducing these reactive oxygen species and helps reduce the risk of cancer. Polyphenols are organic compounds that are reducing agents found in pants. This study show that polyphenols down regulates angiogenesis, prostaglandins, cellular proliferation, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress. They are known to up-regulate autophagy and help balance pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This is important clinically because early population diet intervention is important in reducing the incidence of metabolic syndrome, cancer, and increasing patient longevity.

Di Daniele, N., Noce, A., Vidiri, M. F., Moriconi, E., Marrone, G., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, M., D'Urso, G., Tesauro, M., Rovella, V., & De Lorenzo, A. (2017). Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity. Oncotarget, 8(5), 8947–8979. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13553

Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

katecmashburn — 2022-02-24 01:20:01 UTC

Metabolic diseases have been studied extensively in animals. It has been proven that restrictive diets reverse the symptoms in various species. However, this study was conducted using human subjects, and observed the effects of a restrictive diet on patients suffering from metabolic syndrome. This study was done over the course of twelve weeks and proved to be a success. It has warranted the need for more extensive research of the diets of metabolic syndrome patients and how what they eat affect their symptoms. Not only did these patients experience extensive weight loss, but they also improved their cardiovascular health and their overall quality of life. The study calls for a restrictive diet to be implemented into the basic treatment of all metabolic syndrome patients. However, more studies should be done to further solidify these findings. This study was a positive, strong first step into changing the treatment plan for metabolic syndrome and its symptoms.

Wilkinson MJ, Manoogian ENC, Zadourian A, Lo H, Fakhouri S, Shoghi A, Wang X, Fleischer JG, Navlakha S, Panda S, Taub PR. Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Cell Metab. 2020 Jan 7;31(1):92-104.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.004. Epub 2019 Dec 5. PMID: 31813824; PMCID: PMC6953486.