https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w This timeline focuses on Latinx history in the US from 1981-2021 Please place your items on the timeline and drag them to the proper place so that they are in chronological order from left to right. en-us 2021-02-02 03:31:27 UTC 2025-05-19 19:58:45 UTC hello@padlet.com zrobertsclarke https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1160488760 Any person stopped without a driver's license or proof of residency can be handed over to ICE]]> 2021-02-03 18:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1160488760 klally7 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1160526777 Elián González was a young boy from Cuban who was brought to America by his mother, who perished during the journey. American Coast Guard officers found Elián in a tube about 3 miles off the coast of Florida. When the officers took him onshore, he was released to his Great-Uncle and other extended family in Miami. However, Elián's father did not want him in America and garnered the attention of Fidel Castro, who told the US to release him to Cuba within 72 hours. He ended up being returned to his father's custody 7 months after he arrived, due to court trials. Elián's story is important because it set a precedent for many future international custody disputes.]]> 2021-02-03 19:00:20 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1160526777 nsalter3 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1160537535 The United States Supreme court shuts down Arizona Immigration law, however the ruling does allow officers to verify immigration status when stopping a suspect. The Arizona immigration law was intended to increase the local law enforcement powers to enforce federal immigration laws. The issue is whether this overlaps and disrupts the federal ability to regulate immigration laws and enforcement.]]> 2021-02-03 19:02:25 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1160537535 phuang21 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1160544858 On April 19, 1999, Navy planes dropped a bomb during a military exercise on Vieques Island, which resulted in the accidental killing of David Sanes, who was a Puertan Rican security guard. His death prompted the strong opposition to Naval presence in Vieques and gave birth to protest camps fighting against the presence of the U.S. Navy. The efforts of the protestors would include a sit-in at the office of Puerto Rico's Secretary of Health. In response to this public outcry, President Bush changed Clinton's attempts of negotiation and halted the military exercises of the Navy In February 2003. The island of Vieques celebrated the closure of the military bases all over. ]]> 2021-02-03 19:03:52 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1160544858 ehuang51 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169330696 California public schools passed proposition 227 which banned bilingual education and English as a second language program. In order to save money by limiting special classes in schools, students with limited english are taught in classes with all english to try to "improve" their skills. By rushing and trying to get them to regular classes, they want to limit the students in these "special classes." Instead of considering that students will not be able to understand in an all English classroom, they are forcing the students to learn without assistance. ]]> 2021-02-05 17:24:04 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169330696 nquiles4 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169336059 The dream act was submitted from congressional approval in 2010, and stood for the Development, Relief, and Education of Alien Minors Act. This act would stop deporations of undocumented minors if they fit a certain set of criteria which included: arrival prior to 16th birthday, under 30, going to school (either HS or college) and was in good moral standing. Considering the bill never cleared the senate floor, it could not be implemented but some of the bill's provisions were included in the later DACA program and by some state bills. ]]> 2021-02-05 17:25:08 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169336059 mnguyen821 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169343604 The Freedom Tower in Miami, Florida is considered the "Ellis Island of the South" for its role between 1962 and 1974. As the Cuban Assistance Center, it offered nationally sanctioned relief to the Cuban refugees who sought political asylum from the Communist regime of Fidel Castro. The Freedom Tower stands as the single most identifiable building with the Cuban exile experience. After receiving help at the Freedom Tower, Cubans seeking political asylum received a warm welcome into the United States. Many Cubans fled to Miami, Florida because of its close proximity to Cuba. This landmark marks the  single most significant building
related to the Cuban exodus to America and remains a national symbol of the liberty sought and found by Cuban refugees.

]]> 2021-02-05 17:26:29 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169343604 shodin https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169345327 In 1994, the California Proposition 187, also called the "Save our State" (SOS) initiative, was proposed. In 1995, the law was passed with 59% of representatives in California voting in favor of the act. This initiative, among other things, allowed the state to screen any citizen and ban immigrants from certain services in the state of California. This included public social services, non-emergency healthcare services, and public schooling. Any person could be denied one or all of these services until they were confirmed to be a US citizen or a "lawfully admitted alien".]]> 2021-02-05 17:26:50 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169345327 otemple https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169357399 This past summer the Supreme Court voted to reject the Trump administrations call to end the DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) program. The program created in 2012 by the Obama administration protects undocumented immigrants who were brought to the US as a child from deportation. The program places a renewable two year period of deferred deportation action and allows for immigrants to get a working permit. By rejected the Trump administrations call for removal of the DACA program around 700,000 immigrants were protected from deportation. ]]> 2021-02-05 17:29:10 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169357399 ddiep2 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169359245 After the Spanish-American War in 1898, English was made an official language in Puerto Rico. In 1902, under the Official Languages Act, English and Spanish were used in all activities and became co-official languages within Puerto Rico’s government; this was deemed as part of the Americanization of the island. The Official Languages Act was revoked later in 1991, and Spanish then became the sole official language within Puerto Rico.]]> 2021-02-05 17:29:32 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169359245 mdooley22 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169370744 A Constitutional referendum was held in order to encourage Puerto Rico becoming a state with the population favoring such. Regardless, they refused to make Puerto Rico a legal state, but allowed other things as a compromise. ]]> 2021-02-05 17:31:51 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169370744 molson416 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169382688 In the spring of 2010 Arizona passed an immigration law, SB 1070. This law meant that the police could determine the immigration status of someone arrested or detained based on suspicion, which essentially was based on racial biases against immigrants. The law was immediately met with a lawsuit from the U.S. Justice Department, claiming that this law was unconstitutional. In 2012 the court declared that 3 out of the four provisions in the law were null, but they left one of the provisions as it was. This section of the law stated that the police could detain anyone who they thought might be an immigrant without their papers, which led to racial profiling. In 2016 that provision was dropped as well. This law left a legacy of racial profiling, strict enforcement, and fear. ]]> 2021-02-05 17:34:08 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169382688 mcuddy4 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169400845 The Mariel Boatlift of 1980 was when a mass amount of Cubans emigrated when Fidel Castro permitted Cubans to immigrate to Florida from the port of Mariel. About 125,000 Cubans and 25,000 Haitians immigrated to Florida, but it was soon discovered that many of these immigrants came from mental hospitals and jails. This did not sit well with President Carter, as he sent guards to arrest these  “Marielitos.” Of the mass Cuban emigration, more than 1,700 were jailed and another 587 were detained and waited for their deportation hearings.]]> 2021-02-05 17:37:18 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169400845 vobyrne https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169404312 Sonia Sotomayor was nominated as Associate Justice on May 26, 2009 by President Barack Obama. She was born in New York and earned a degree from Princeton (graduating summa 🤬 laude). She was very active in Puerto Rican groups on campus. She has been a judge since 1992 and is the first Latina Supreme Court Justice. She was part of the majority who made same sex marriage legal. She has been a part of many large rulings and is very respected.]]> 2021-02-05 17:37:56 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169404312 abeard51 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169413024 Espinoza, a Mexican woman was discriminated against by the Farah Manufacturing Company as they would not hire her because of her race and citizenship status. She brought her case to the Supreme Court stating that the Farah Manufacturing Company violated the Civil Rights Act. This case helped create more protections for people of color in the workplace. EEOC guidelines were built in place so immigrants would not be discriminated against in the workplace. ]]> 2021-02-05 17:39:27 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169413024 cnguyen671 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169415910 Thousands of immigrants' rights activists protest across different cities in response to Congress intending to increase deportation of undocumented immigrants. People of all kinds protested against the anti-immigration laws and wanted to end discrimination to immigrants or to speed up the process to citizenship. This shows the power of immigrants in our nation because the bill passed through the house, but failed to pass through the senate. ]]> 2021-02-05 17:40:01 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169415910 thashem https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169421515 The North American Free Trade Agreement established a free-trade zone in North America and it was signed in 1992 by Canada, Mexico, and the United States and took effect on January of 1994.  The goal was to eliminate all tariff and non-tariff barriers of trade and investment between the signatory nations.  The purpose was to reduce trading costs, increase business investment, and help North America be more competitive in the global marketplace. 
Mexico's workers suffered exploitation in its maquiladora programs which is a low-cost and U.S.-owned manufacturing factory operating near the Mexico-U.S. border.

]]> 2021-02-05 17:41:05 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169421515 tson https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169457086 A gunman walked into the store in the morning, carrying a rifle, and opened fire. This resulted in 23 deaths and 23 injuries. Three died within eight months of the shooting. The suspect was a 21-year-old white male, Patrick Wood Crusius, and told the detectives he had targeted Mexicans. Shortly before the act of terrorism/ hate crime, he had posted a manifesto called The Inconvenient Truth where he praised the shooter of the Christchurch mosques in New Zealand and talked about a "Hispanic invasion" among other white supremacist and anti-immigrant things.]]> 2021-02-05 17:48:02 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169457086 jlee4117 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169471672 In 2003, the U.S. Census Bureau released data that showed Hispanics to be the largest minority group in the US, with a population of 37.1 million (2001), while the population of Black Americans (the next largest minority group) is just below at 36.2 million. This increase is a result of higher birth rates and an increase in immigration. These numbers have significance because according to Robert Puro (Pew Hispanic Center), race in America has largely been seen as a solely black-white issue, and the new numbers show we cannot look at race in just this way anymore. 

]]> 2021-02-05 17:50:53 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169471672 smei1 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169483487 The Minutemen Project was founded by Jim Gildchrist in Arizona to bring attention to the situation at the border. It is a citizen-border control group. In the spring of 2005, hundreds of volunteers from the project observed the movement of immigrants on the Arizona-Mexican border and report the movements to the U.S. Border Patrol. The project later split into two different sections: a border defense corps and an internal vigilance operation that looked into businesses and government. ]]> 2021-02-05 17:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169483487 lhofmann9 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169492962 On November 5, 1996, Proposition 209, the Affirmative Action Initiative, was approved as a constitutional amendment with 55% of the vote. It added section 31 to California’s Declaration of Rights, which stated that the state could not show preferential treatment based on race or gender, thus eliminating affirmative action in any part of the state. Proposition 209 has been the subject of many lawsuits in state courts since its passage but has withstood legal scrutiny over the years. On August 2, 2010, the Supreme Court of California found for the second time that Proposition 209 was constitutional, and two years later another challenge was rejected by the Circuit Court of Appeals. Based on research from the University of California, the enrollment rates of African Americans and Native Americans has decreased since 1996. There has also been evidence that suggests a negative impact on graduation rates, graduate school attendance, and income for black and hispanic students.]]> 2021-02-05 17:55:10 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169492962 jsargent22 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169538688 Deferred Action for Parents of Americans or DAPA was an Executive Order issued by President Barack Obama, granting deferred action to undocumented]]> 2021-02-05 18:04:10 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169538688 tdang121 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169562833 The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, when passed by congress and signed into law by the president, was considered one of the first major revisions of immigration laws within the U.S. The law seeks to secure jobs for American citizens and aliens authorized to work in the U.S. IRCA prevents employers from intentionally hiring,  recruiting, or referring aliens that are unauthorized to work. It reflects the concerns regarding the issue of illegal immigration and stricter control over employment policies.
https://immigrationhistory.org/item/1986-immigration-reform-and-control-act/]]> 2021-02-05 18:08:08 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/2cdr0kv0gn2j8g5w/wish/1169562833