Pharmacology - Unit #2 by M P https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu Drugs are cool en-us 2021-03-08 22:21:31 UTC 2026-01-20 09:54:47 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f34d.png 1. Divisions of the ANS meganparsons1992 https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284744997 1. Parasympathetic Divison:
Also known as:
  • Craniosacral Division 
  • Cholinergic
  • "Rest and Digest"

2. Sympathetic Division:
Also known as:
  • Thoracolumbar Division
  • Adrenergic
  • "Fight or Flight"
]]> 2021-03-08 22:27:12 UTC https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284744997 2. Division Neurotransmitters meganparsons1992 https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284767037 1. Parasympathetic Division:
  • Acetylcholine (ACH)

2. Sympathetic Division:
  • Acetylcholine (ACH)
  • Norepinephrine (NE) 
  • Epinephrine (EPI)
]]> 2021-03-08 22:36:36 UTC https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284767037 3. Location where neurotransmitters are released meganparsons1992 https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284811133 1. Parasympathetic Division:
  • Ganglia
  • Postganglionic nerve ending

2. Sympathetic Division:
  • Ganglia
  • Postganglionic nerve ending
]]> 2021-03-08 22:57:12 UTC https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284811133 4. Receptors & location in divisions meganparsons1992 https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284812214 1. Parasympathetic Division:
Cholinergic Receptors - Muscarinic & Nicotinic 
  • Muscarinic:
    • Located in the cell membrane of the visceral organs & glands

  • Nicotinic:
    • Nicotinic-nerve (Nn) - Located in parasympathetic ganglia
    • Nicotinic-muscle (Nm) - Located in the cell membranes of skeletal muscles


2. Sympathetic Division:
Cholinergic Receptors - Nicotinic
  • Nicotinic:
    • Nicotinic-nerve (Nn) - Located in sympathetic ganglia

Adrenergic Receptors - Alpha & Beta
  • Alpha-1 - Located in smooth muscle membranes of arteries, veins & sphincters of the urinary and gastrointestinal tract
  • Alpha-2 - Located in adrenergic nerve endings 

  • Beta-1 - Located in cardiac muscles
  • Beta-2 - Located in smooth muscle of coronary, skeletal muscle blood vessels and bronchiolar smooth muscles

]]> 2021-03-08 22:57:43 UTC https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284812214 5. End Organ Responses meganparsons1992 https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284891601 1. Parasympathetic Division:
  • Nicotinic-nerve (Nn) - 
    • Organ - Synapse
    • Effect - 

  • Nicotinic-muscle (Nm) -
    • Organ - Skeletal muscles
    • Effect - Muscle contractions

2. Sympathetic Division:
  • Alpha-1 - Contraction of smooth muscle
    • Organ - Most arteries & veins, iris muscle (eye)
    • Effect - Vasoconstriction, contraction-pupillary dilation

  • Alpha-2 - 
    • Organ - Adrenergic nerve ending
    • Effect - Decrease release of NE

  • Beta-1 - Stimulation of cardiac muscle
    • Organ - Heart
    • Effect - Increase in heart rate, force of contraction and atrioventricular conduction

  • Beta-2 - Relaxation of smooth muscle
    • Organ - Bronchiolar smooth muscle, uterus and coronary & skeletal muscle blood vessels 
    • EPI effect - Bronchodilation, relaxation and vasodilation
    • NE effect - NE does NOT stimulate beta-2 receptors 

]]> 2021-03-08 23:38:58 UTC https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284891601 6. Division Drug Classifications meganparsons1992 https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284892169 Parasympathetic Division:
  • Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs:
    • Receptors - Muscarinic
    • Action - Increase GI motility, urinary tract & pupillary constriction. Decrease heart rate & bronchoconstriction

  • Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Drugs:
    • Receptors - ACH at cholinergic receptor sites
    • Action - Used to treat & diagnose Alzheimer's Disease

Sympathetic Division
  • Alpha-Adrenic Drugs:
    • Receptors - Alpha-1
    • Action - smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction) & increased blood pressure

  • Beta-Adrenic Drugs:
    • Receptors - Beta-1
    • Action - Vasodilation, increased cardiac contractions & raise in blood pressure 

  • Alpha-Adrenic Drugs:
    • Receptors - Alpha-1
    • Action - Contraction of smooth muscles, vasoconstriction & increase blood pressure 

  • Beta-Adrenic Blockers:
    • Receptors - Beta-1 & Beta-2
    • Beta-1 action - 
    • Beta-2 action - relax uterus smooth muscle & inhibit uterine contractions 

  • Adrenergic Neuronal Blockers:
    • Receptors - Beta-1 & Beta-2
    • Beta-1 action -  Decreased cardiac function, heart rate & contraction force
    • Beta-2 action - Mediated smooth muscle contraction (nontheraputic)

]]> 2021-03-08 23:39:16 UTC https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284892169 7. Specific Drug Examples meganparsons1992 https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284892720 Sympathetic Division:
Alpha-Adrenergic Drugs:
  • metaraminol (Aramine®)
  • pseudophedrine (Sudafed®)

Beta-Adrenergic Drugs:
  • isoproterenol (Isuprel®)
  • levelbuterol (Xopenex®)

Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs:
  • prazosin (Minipress®)
  • terazosin (Hytrin®)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs:
  • carvedilol (Coreg®)
  • pindolol (Visken®)

Parasympathetic Division:
Direct-Acting Drugs:
  • bethanechol (Miochol-E®)
  • pilocarpine (Isopto carpine®)

Indirect-Acting Drugs:
  •  demecarium (Humorsol®)
  • donepezil (Aricept®)
]]> 2021-03-08 23:39:35 UTC https://padlet.com/meganparsons1992/2bb8sxj2panv1ftu/wish/1284892720