Vocab Padlet by Siddharth Mariwalla _ Student - GreenLevelHS

Civilization

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 18:09:05 UTC

The society, culture, and developments in these areas over a geographic region. The image above shows hallmarks of some civilizations.

Mercantilism

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 18:11:10 UTC

The economic system used to maximize profit by increasing domestic wealth through more exports than sending it out through imports.

Columbian Exchange

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 18:12:35 UTC

The transfer that occurred between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas as a result of Columbus's "discovery".

Indentured Servant

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 18:15:21 UTC

Workers who promised to work for a certain number of years in exchange for money or travel to the New World.

Chattel Slavery

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 18:16:53 UTC

A system where humans were treated as property and treated as a commodity.

Puritans

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 19:12:04 UTC

English Protestants who tried to reform the Church of England. Many fled persecution in England and settled in the colonies.

Triangular Trade

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 19:13:53 UTC

Trade between Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Each leg of the route had desirable goods to obtain for their sale at the next leg.

Encomienda System

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 19:15:53 UTC

The Spanish labor system in the Americas. It gave the conquistadors control over the indigenous people and the land. Though it was supposed to be a system of mutual benefit, it was actually abused and led to the exploitation of indigenous peoples.

Southern Colonies

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 19:19:26 UTC

The five Southern colonies - Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, and Virginia - had an agricultural economy.

Middle Colonies

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 19:21:42 UTC

The middle colonies were New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New York.

New England Colonies

smariwalla — 2025-08-26 19:22:56 UTC

The northernmost colonies, the new england colonies were New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut

Proclamation Line of 1763

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:24:03 UTC

This proclamation established a boundary along the Appalachian Mountains that prevented British colonists from settling west of the line. This was intended to prevent conflict with Native American tribes, but was presented by colonists who desired westward expansion.

Patriot

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:25:41 UTC

A patriot was a colonist who rebelled against British rule.

Tory

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:27:17 UTC

Colonists who supported the British rule of the colonies and opposed the American rebellion.

Articles of Confederation

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:30:25 UTC

The United State's first constitution, established a weak central government and loose connections between the states. The weakness of the central government eventually caused problems and led to the replacement of the Articles of Confederation by the Constitution

Federalists

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:34:48 UTC

The federalists were supporters of a stronger central government and supported the Constitution as a replacement for the Articles of Confederation.

Anti-federalists

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:36:54 UTC

The anti-federalists opposed the ratification of the Constitution and desired a weaker central government.

Enlightenment

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:40:57 UTC

This was a European intellectual and philosophical movement that profoundly impacted European society, science and politics. Values of this movement included empiricism and rationalism.

Albany Plan of Union

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:42:53 UTC

This was a 1754 proposal that created a unified government to manage colonial defense and relations with Native American tribes, but it failed because the British Crown and colonial assemblies didn't support it for fear of losing power.

Northwest Ordinance

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:45:58 UTC

This established a framework for the governance of the Northwest Territory and a method for its division into new states. It was a significant act by the Confederation Congress.

Newburgh Conspiracy

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:48:49 UTC

This was a near-mutiny when Continental Army officers threatened force against the Continental Congress or desertion because of unpaid wages and promised pension that was averted by George Washington who delivered a powerful speech.

Great Compromise

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:51:39 UTC

This was an agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established a bicameral Congress with a proportionally representative House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate. This was a major step in the ratification of the Constitution.

Three-Fifths Compromise

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:54:10 UTC

Allowed for three fifths of a state's enslaved population to be counted when a state's representation in the House of Representatives was being decided. This satisfied Northern states who were worried that Southern state's larger slave population would give them an advantage in seats in the House of Representatives, and Southern states who got an advantage based on their slave population.

Salutary Neglect

smariwalla — 2025-09-08 17:56:29 UTC

This was a British policy of loosely enforcing trade laws and regulations in its American colonies, which allowed the colonies to develop independent policies and economic independence.

Political Party

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:42:08 UTC

A group of people that have organized to acquire and utilize political power. Share a common political ideology or opinion.

Marbury v. Madison

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:44:33 UTC

A Supreme Court Case that affirmed the right of the judicial branch to exercise judicial review and strike down unconstitutional laws.

Temperance Movement

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:45:15 UTC

Social reform movement that aimed to eliminate alcohol.

Abolition Movement

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:46:27 UTC

Political campaign to end the slave trade and slavery.

Women's Rights Movement

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:48:27 UTC

Social and political movement for equality of women and obtaining rights such as expansion of suffrage for women.

Cotton gin

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:50:08 UTC

Machines that separated cotton fibers from their seeds efficiently. Increased cotton production and made it more profitable.

Steam Engine

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:51:37 UTC

Harnessed mechanical energy of pressurized steam in order to do work. Greatly increased productivity and economic growth. Changed society through its applications, such as in trains.

Factory System

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:52:50 UTC

Method of production involving assembly and transformation of raw materials into finished goods. Enabled mass production and changed society and the American economy with its widespread adoption.

canals

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:54:15 UTC

A man made waterway that can be utilized for several purposes, such as navigation, irrigation, or other activities that require water.

Monroe Doctrine

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:58:17 UTC

The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy statement (named for James Monroe, the president who issued and adopted it), warning against European interference in the Western Hemisphere.

Democratic Party

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 17:59:21 UTC

The Democratic party is one of the two major political parties in the US.

Whigs

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 18:01:06 UTC

A historical political party that formed in opposition to President Andrew Jackson. Held beliefs such as a larger federal government and a national bank.

Telegraph

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 18:02:13 UTC

A system for transmitting messages along a wire. Can be used to communicate over long distances.

Interchangeable Parts

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 18:03:53 UTC

Components manufactured to standardized specifications, allowing them to be substituted for another with ease.

Impressment

smariwalla — 2025-09-24 18:04:47 UTC

Act of forcing people to serve. The French and British impressed captured American sailors into their armed forces.

Manifest Destiny

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:27:41 UTC

Belief that the United States was divinely destined to expand across the North American continent

Compromise of 1850

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:29:53 UTC

Five laws settling disputes over slavery and territorial expansion. Followed the Mexican-American War.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:31:39 UTC

U.S. law that organized territories of Kansas and Nebraska. It also basically cancelled the Missouri Compromise

Popular Sovereignty

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:32:25 UTC

The belief that the rule of the government is based on the power of the people and that the people hold all the power.

Fugitive Slave Act

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:34:44 UTC

Required the return of escaped enslaved people. Also imposed penalties on people who aided them.

Sectionalism

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:36:25 UTC

Loyalty to one's own region or section

Secession

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:40:29 UTC

The act of withdrawing from a group or organization.

Union

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:42:23 UTC

US government and loyal states, mostly Northern States

Confederacy

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:44:14 UTC

States that seceded from the US and formed the Confederate States of America

Thirteenth Amendment

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:44:43 UTC

Abolished slavery

Fourteenth Amendment

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:45:34 UTC

Citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. Also included equal protection clause that guaranteed all citizens equal protection under the law

15th amendment

smariwalla — 2025-10-17 16:46:24 UTC

Can't prevent people from voting based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

Capitalism

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:29:06 UTC

An economic and political system in which a country's trade is controlled for profit

Cornelius Vanderbilt

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:29:44 UTC

Influential businessman who made his fortune by participating in the railroad boom.

Andrew Carnegie

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:30:48 UTC

Influential businessman who was important to the industrial revolution and involved in the steel industry.

John D. Rockefeller

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:31:58 UTC

American industrialist and philanthropist who revolutionized the petroleum industry.

JP Morgan

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:33:17 UTC

Major figure in the Industrial Revolution, financing and consolidating major companies

Titans of Industry

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:33:54 UTC

Powerful and influential business leaders who built large corporations, particularly during the Gilded Age

Robber Barons

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:34:38 UTC

Influential, ruthless industrialists in 19th-century America who amassed huge fortunes through monopolistic and exploitative practices

Unions

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:35:27 UTC

A club, society, or association formed by people with a common interest or purpose.

Migration

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:37:18 UTC

Movement of people to a new area to find work or better living conditions

Gilded Age

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:38:12 UTC

Period in U.S. history from the 1870s to the 1890s, that described an era of surface-level prosperity masking corruption and socioeconomic inequality.

Social Darwinism

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:38:41 UTC

Discredited theories that applied Charles Darwin's biological concept of "survival of the fittest" to human society

Gospel of Wealth

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:39:31 UTC

Essay written by Andrew Carnegie describing the responsibility of philanthropy by the rich.

Muckraking

smariwalla — 2025-10-31 17:40:35 UTC

searching out and publicizing scandalous information about famous people

Women’s Suffrage

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:28:54 UTC

The movement to gain the right to vote for women

Prohibition

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:00 UTC

Outlawing alcohol

Isolationism

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:06 UTC

A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

Imperialism

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:13 UTC

a policy of extending a country's power and influence

Alfred Thayer Mahan

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:19 UTC

Naval historian and strategist known for his influential book. His ideas had a significant impact on country's military development around the world.

Open Door Policy

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:25 UTC

Advocated for equal trading rights with China for all nations. Aimed to preserve Chinese administrative integrity and territory while allowing access to Chinese markets.

Militarism

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:31 UTC

The belief in maintaining a strong military capability to defend national interests.

Nationalism

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:37 UTC

Emphasizes loyalty to a nation and prioritization of its interests.

League of Nations

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:45 UTC

International organization created post-WWI to prevent future wars, maintain peace and security

Treaty of Versailles

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:51 UTC

1919 peace treaty formally ending WWI, imposing harsh terms on Germany.

Great Migration

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:29:57 UTC

Movement of millions of African Americans out of the South

Zimmerman Telegram

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:30:04 UTC

Intercepted communication between Germany and Mexico that proposed a military alliance between the two country's against the US

Stocks on margin

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:30:09 UTC

Borrowing money to purchase more securities than you can with available cash

Tariffs

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:30:20 UTC

Tax imposed on imported goods and services. Intended to protect domestic industries by making foreign products more expensive

3 Rs

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:30:26 UTC

Roosevelt's Relief, Recovery, and Reform programs to combat the Great Depression

Island Hopping

smariwalla — 2025-11-19 18:30:35 UTC

Military strategy of the US against Japan to advance closer to the mainland

Holocaust

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:49:51 UTC

Genocide of European Jews during WWII

International Organizations

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:50:02 UTC

International organizations during the cold war were primarily divided between US-led (like NATO) and Soviet-led blocs (Warsaw Pact, Comecon). Other bodies included the United Nations (a forum for superpower clashes), the Non-Aligned Movement (staying neutral), and regional pacts (SEATO, CENTO), all shaping global politics and security.

United Nations

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:50:14 UTC

This acted as a stage for US-USSR rivalry as a body for the prevention for conflict on an international stage.

Bretton Woods System

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:50:24 UTC

A post-World War II international monetary agreement that established a system of fixed, but adjustable, exchange rates and created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank

NATO

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:50:34 UTC

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a Alliance between countries to for mutual benefit and security led by the US to rival Russian power.

Iron Curtain

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:50:45 UTC

The symbolic and physical division of Europe after World War II, separating the Soviet-controlled communist East from the democratic West

Warsaw Pact

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:50:54 UTC

Military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite states to rival NATO and Western power.

Containment

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:51:08 UTC

The idea of preventing the spread of communism.

Domino Theory

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:51:23 UTC

The idea that if one country fell to communism other countries would fall too.

Mutually Assured Destruction

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:51:41 UTC

If one country fired nuclear weapons, the others would too and it would lead to destruction for both sides.

Atomic Bomb

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:51:50 UTC

A weapon of mass destruction used against Japan to end WWII.

Nuclear Weapons

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:52:00 UTC

A class of weapons that is extremely dangerous and of mass destruction.

Great Society Program

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:52:11 UTC

Ambitious legislative agenda launched in 1964 with aims such as eliminated poverty and racial injustice through the establishment of federal programs.

Brown vs. Board of Education

smariwalla — 2025-12-15 18:52:23 UTC

Landmark civil rights case that led to integration of public schools.

Reaganomics

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:12:10 UTC

1980s policies under President Reagan focusing on tax cuts and reduced government spending

Liberal

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:12:56 UTC

supports government social programs, regulation, and civil rights.

Conservative

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:13:25 UTC

Typically supports limited government, lower taxes, and traditional values.

Moral Majority

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:14:21 UTC

A political group formed in the 1970s to mobilize conservative Christians as voters.

Trickle Down economics

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:14:50 UTC

The theory that benefits for the wealthy (like tax cuts) eventually "trickle down" to help everyone else.

Monetary Policy

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:15:19 UTC

Central bank (Federal Reserve) management of the money supply and interest rates.

Fiscal Policy

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:15:46 UTC

Government use of taxing and spending to influence the economy

Laissez-Faire

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:16:22 UTC

"Let it be"; the belief that government should not interfere in the economy.

Inflation

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:16:44 UTC

A general rise in prices meaning your money buys less.

Deregulation

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:17:21 UTC

The removal of government rules on businesses to encourage competition.

Terrorism

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:18:02 UTC

Violence used against civilians to achieve political or religious goals.

Globalization

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:18:27 UTC

The increasing connection of world economies, cultures, and populations

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

smariwalla — 2026-01-07 18:18:47 UTC

The total value of all goods and services produced in a country.