training before bein deployed into different units like army , navy and air force. [E] L2 - no O

Family members such as older cousins and uncles can share the importance of serving NS and the consequences of not serving. [I + D] They can share through their experience how beneficial NS is and what are the main advantages such as a drastic improvement in their fitness. [E] Because these people sharing are family members so singaporean men are more willing to trust them and head their advice. [O of E] They will also see more advantages than disadvantages of NS 

after family members explaining and when they understand the importance of NS and the consequences of not serving it, Singaporeans are more willing and less reluctant to serve NS. [O] Therefore, motivating and encouraging Singaporeans to serve NS.

B) One way that the government has tried to integrate immigrants into Singapore is by establishing the bilingual policy (Describe - Identify). Bilingualism is the cornerstone of Singapore’s educational system introduced in 1966. Students are expected to learn English and one of the official Mother tongue language. Learning English is a common language which helps people of different ethnic to communicate with one another. This helps to foster a sense of belonging and promote better integration across different ethnic groups. This allows immigrant students to prevent misunderstandings (how so?), increasing harmony, making it easier for immigrant students to communicate with other Singapore or immigrant students, respecting people of different cultural background integrating to a socio-cultural society which builds understanding and creating a common environment to interact between immigrants and Singaporean,(valid outcome of example)--> how does this lead to --> helping immigrants to integrate in Singapore.

Another way Singapore has tried to integrate immigrants is common experiences to foster. a strong Singapore national identity is National Service (NS). NS build ties between immigrants and the larger Singapore society to encourage immigrants to develop better understanding and to interact outside of their own communities. All male Singapore citizens and Permanent Residents (not all immigrants are Permanent Residents) are required to serve NS for a period of 2 years, to ensure Singapore’s security and sovereignty. NS brings people from diverse racial, religious, language and educational backgrounds to train, live and serve together. During NS, they develop the sense of collective interest above self. Such common life-shaping experiences have help to foster better relationships between immigrants and Singaporeans creating a strong national identity. NS obligation is a critical indicator of identity and integration as it shows new immigrants embracing this rite of passage distinctively for Singaporean men and their families.Immigrants will have a sense of belonging in Singapore helping immigrants to integrate well with Singapore citizens (how so?)
L2

b) Integration is where immigrants retain their unique identities while forging common ground with existing groups in the country. One way that Singapore has done to integrate immigrants in Singapore is through the Bilingual Policy. In the Bilingual Policy, students are expected to learn English and Mother Tongue Languages. Learning English helps to give the different ethnic groups a common language to communicate with one another, which helps to build a better a understanding of people with diverse backgrounds and foster a sense of belonging among people with different backgrounds and origins. Learning our Mother Tongue also allow us to preserve our cultural identity and heritage. Thus it helps us to communicate with people of different races while retaining our cultural backgrounds. (NAQ no mention of immigrants)

Another possible impact could be positive, where a country's identity is more defined and strong (Good!) as it is not linked to other factors such as origin, religion, race and ethnicity. This thus allows everyone to become equal and encourages unity and cohesiveness between citizens where all have the common identity of being the citizen of a particular country. For example, in France where assimilation in the form of secularism is practiced, some feel that it is important as it is the reason which defines the French people as a society and thus brings the people together and ensures equality and erasing prejudice and biased behaviour within public domain such as court of law or when it comes to employment of people. Regardless of their religion, they would be judged based on their qualifications. As a result many are satisfied and happy with assimilation. (no example)

Qn 2. Integration is the allowance of immigrants retaining their unique identities while forging common ground with the group's already living in the host country. Singapore can integrate immigrants through methods such as the Billingual Policy where students are expected to learn English and another official mother tongue languages. The policy ensures that the different ethnic groups will have a common language to communicate with 1 another (no acknowledgment of immigrants) and helps to foster a sense of belonging and promote a better sense of integration while still being able to preserve cultural identity and heritage through the use of their mother tongue. 

Another method is Ethnic Integration Policy which is a balanced ethnic mix in HDB estates and to prevent the formation of ethnic enclaves. (what does this mean. describe in greater detail)This allows residents of different races opportunities to interact with one another to foster racial harmony among various ethnic groups and strengthen social cohesion  L1. NAQ - not talking about immigrants at all.

On the other hand,Immigrants may also feel more integrated into the society as everyone in France is treated equally by having a clear separation of religious affairs from governance and no religion is favoured over another. (Good identificatin of impact) For example, France adopts the policy of assimilations and believes in the principle of secularism. In the French classroom, there is no discussion about religions except in history and philosophy classes. Furthermore, adaptation classes are also conducted for the children of immigrants to help them improve their French and eventually join regular French schools. This would allow immigrants to adapt to the French beliefs and practices which would Ensure the assimilation of minority groups into a secular French society. immigrants would also not feel left out regardless of their religion as everyone is treated equally by the French which will eventually strengthen the French national identity. --> No example

Singapore has tried to integrate immigrants in Singapore by adopting some policies such as the bilingual policy and the ethnic integration policy. The bilingual policy was introduced to schools in Singapore in 1966. Students are expected to learn English and one of the official Mother tongue languages. Learning English has given different ethnic groups a common language to communicate with one another. This helps foster a sense of belonging and promote better integration across different ethnic groups. Another policy that was implemented was the ethnic integration policy. The ethnic integration policy was introduced in 1988 to achieve a balanced ethnic mix in HDB estates and to prevent the formation of ethnic enclaves. By providing HDB residents of different races with opportunities to interact as neighbours, the ethnic integration policy helps to foster racial harmony among the various ethnic groups, and strengthens social cohesion in Singapore. (No mention of immigrants. NAQ) --> L1

Another possible impact is its countries people may be closer and may be more fluent in their language and be able to mix with each other easily. An example of this is in France where they have naturalisation processes that help assimilate immigrants by helping them develop basic knowledge about life in France. All the policies implemented in France will allow the immigrants to be more fluent in the French language and be able to mix around with the French people in the country. Hence this leads to a country with people that are close to each other and know each other well. (no example of people becoming closer)

(b)

A way that Singapore has tried integration is through ethnic integration policy. Its policies goal is to prevent formation of ethnic enclaves by providing interaction opportunities as neighbours in HDBs with people of different races. Hence this result in racial harmony between races and among various ethnic groups while still retaining their own religious practices. ( so what? no acknowledgement of Immigrants) - L1 NAQ

Another way that Singapore has tried integration is through the bilingual policy. Students were expected to learn both the norm language, English, as well as one of their official Mother Tongue Languages like Chinese or Malay language. This in turn helps to foster a sense of belonging and thus promote a better integration across the different races and ethnic groups. Mother Tongue as well helps preserve our cultural identity and heritage.  (NAQ no acknowledgement of immigrants)

An example would be the ban of wearing religious symbols in public in 2004 such as Muslim students cannot wear Muslim headscarf. 

However too much assimilation may cause people to be unhappy as the government removes the rights of individuals to practice their religion as the French government believes that it’s national identity is threatened when immigrants continue to display their religious prominently. Hence citizens are upset as they feel like they stripped of their original roots and own sense of identity and being unable to express themselves resulting in tension rising. (no example of the tensions)

B) One way that the government has tried to integrate immigrants into Singapore is by establishing the bilingual policy. Bilingualism is the cornerstone of Singapore’s educational system introduced in 1966. 

Students are expected to learn English and one of the official Mother tongue language such as chinese and malay. Learning English helps people of different ethnic to communicate with one another while learning mother tongue allows us to preserve our cultural identity and heritage. (e.g)

By being able to communicate with each other, they can understand each other, reducing miscommunication and increasing harmony within society (how will that increase harmony in the society?) This helps to foster a sense of belonging (how so?) and promotes better integration across different ethnic groups. This will result in people of different groups being able to study together enjoy leisure time with each other. Students will influence their parents to be able to communiacte and live together with families of other races and religion. (your explanation is not specific to immigrants) Immigrants are more welcomed into singapore, integrating into a socio-cultural society without lesser tensions. 

Another possible impact is its countries people may be closer and may be more fluent in their language and be able to mix with each other easily leading to a positive social impact. An example of this is in France where they have naturalisation processes that help assimilate immigrants by helping them develop basic knowledge about life in France. (e.g. of these processes?) All the policies implemented in France will allow the immigrants to be more fluent in the French language and be able to mix around with the French people in the country. (e.g. of people being closer?) Hence this allows French people are able to communicate and understand each other easier thus the relationship between all the French people are closer as they have the same one language that they can use for communication that they all know. Thus this will bring people closer and misunderstandings in communication will rarely occur and protest resulting from misunderstanding will not happen.

A way that Singapore has tried integration is through ethnic integration policy. (Describe - Identify) Its policies goal is to prevent formation of ethnic enclaves by providing interaction opportunities as neighbours in HDBs with people of different races. Hence this result in racial harmony between races and among various ethnic groups while still retaining their own religious practices.  (E.g. of the policy? )

Another way that Singapore has tried integration is through the bilingual policy. Students were expected to learn both the norm language, English, as well as one of their official Mother Tongue Languages like Chinese or Malay language. This in turn helps to foster a sense of belonging (How so?) and thus promote a better integration across the different races and ethnic groups. Mother Tongue as well helps preserve cultural identity. (L2)

Another impact is economic impact. The assimilation in France causes economic strains. (Describe - Identify)  One example, in France is immigrants need to pick up french language so that they can communicate with local people. Unemployment rate increases as its harder for them to pick ip the language. Since it’s hard for immigrants to pick up the language, they wouldn’t be able to communicate in french and hence would not be employed. The increase in employment rate means that there would be lesser worker to help economic growth. Thus this causes economic strains (what is the economic strains?).

b) One way that Singapore has tried to integrate immigrants is though schools. For example, the policy of bilingualism was introduced in 1966, students are expected to learn english and one of the official mother tongue languages. Learning english has given the different ethnic groups a common language to communicate with one another. This helps people to understand each other ( so what?)  and foster a sense of belonging (How so? gap in explanation) and promote better integration across different ethnic groups.

Another way that Singapore has tried to integrate immigrants is through the government. For example, the ethnic integration policy was introduced in 1989 to achieve a balanced ethnic mix in HDB estates and to prevent the formation of ethnic enclaves. This provides HDB residents of different races with opportunities to interact as neighbours (how example applies). The races are able to understand each other and this fosters racial harmony (how does understanding lead to racial harmony?) among the ethnic groups. This strengthens social cohesion and helps to integrate immigrants better. (L2)