Chapter 4 Vocabulary by Zoe English

Photosynthesis

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Process of water and carbon dioxide combining to form carbohydrates (sugars) and give off oxygen.

Chlorophyll

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The green pigment in plants, helps absorb energy

Autotroph

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Can absorb energy and produce it.

Heterotroph

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Takes in energy, cannot produce its own.

Cellular respiration

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Chemical reactions breaking down glucose into ATP.

Producer

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Basically autotrophs, make their own food.

Prokaryote

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Lacks a nucleus, and is most commonly bacteria.

Eukaryote

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Has a cell(s) and has genetic material. Isn't bacteria, is living.

Population

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Organisms that are the same living in the same area breeding between each other.

Species

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Group of organisms that can reproduce with each other.

Community

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Group of various species interacting with each other within a certain area.

Ecosystem

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Geographic area where landscapes, species, and plants all coexist.

Symbiosis

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Close interaction between different species.

Diffusion

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Type of passive transport where molecules diffuse across a membrane.

Osmosis

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Water diffusing across a membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration.

Osmoconformer

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Marine organisms keeping their internal environment isotonic.

Osmoregulate

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An organism maintaining internal balance of water and dissolved materials.

Urea

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Substance formed by breakdown of protein in the liver.

Excrete

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Getting rid of waste materials from blood, tissues, or organs through discharge.

Ectotherm (poikilotherm)

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Cold blooded animals.

Endotherm (homeotherm)

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Warm blooded animal, regulates its internal temperature through metabolic processes.

Surface-to-volume ratio

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Ratio of surface area to volume of an object(s).

Heredity

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Sum of biological processes between mating.

Mitosis

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Process where a cell replicates its chromosomes then seregates giving identical nuclei.

Asexual reproduction

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Reproduction that is only done by one given parent.

Sexual reproduction

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Production of organism(s) by combination of genetic information.

Hermaphroditic

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Condition of having both male and female reproductive organs.

Phylogeny

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Is evolutionary history and relationships between a group of organisms.

Binomial nomenclature

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Scientific name of an organism.

Genus

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Taxonomic rank above species used for biological classification.

Five Kingdoms of Life

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Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

Six Kingdoms of Life

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Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia.