Slavery in the US, The Great Migration, The Harlem Renaissance, The Great Depression & The Civil Rights Movement by Arshiya D https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci Understanding the sociohistorical context of these events and the interconnections between these events. en-us 2021-10-11 07:16:29 UTC 2021-10-15 09:02:02 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9e9.png 1619 - 1865 arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1806905005 This was the period in which there was slavery in the US. Between 1700 and 1808 took place the most extreme period of slavery. In 1808, while slavery was outlawed, it still occurred domestically. 12.4 million African Americans were enslaved. 13% of the US Population equated to enslaved African Americans - with Virginia, Georgia, and Mississippi having the highest number of slaves.]]> 2021-10-11 07:30:09 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1806905005 Slave Trade arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1806953566
  • 41% of these slaves were taken to Brazil
  • 4% to the US
  • 55% all over South America + Europe
  • 35 000 slaves were traded off in South Carolina from 1803 to 1808 before the slave trade was abolished
    • ]]>     2021-10-11 07:55:17 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1806953566     Dehumanisation Of Slaves arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807044560
  • Treated as animal property
  • Poor working conditions, long working hours
  • Whipped, Sexually Assaulted
  • No Ailments for diseases eg: Malaria
  • If they refused to eat, tortured and forced to eat in using different methods eg: hot coal on lips 
  • No Voting Rights
  • Banned learning how to read
  • Couldn't marry outside their race
    • ]]>     2021-10-11 08:43:07 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807044560     Arguments "for" slavery arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807045715
  • People benefitted financially
  • The poor people would be unable to pay off debts - so helped free people of their debts
  • Prisoners of war and criminals
  • Essential for industrial revolution to happen
    • ]]>     2021-10-11 08:43:41 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807045715     Methods of Resisting Oppression arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807049987
  • Suicide 
  • Refusal to eat
  • Actions of Rebellion
  • Creating a strong sense of community within family
  • Running away 
  • Nat Turner Slave Revolt in 1831
    • ]]>     2021-10-11 08:45:55 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807049987     The 13th Amendment arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807075919 Slavery was abolished in the US on December 6th, 1865. However, there were some exceptions to this. ]]> 2021-10-11 08:58:41 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807075919 Reaction/Adjustments of Slaves After Change arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807082389
  • Renewed wedding vows to make their marriage legitimate
  • Reunited with relatives which were sold and adopted their children
  • Sought out new jobs to escape former owners
  • Moved to areas with a greater African American population (also were not allowed to travel before)
  • Changed names to separate themselves from former owners
    • ]]>     2021-10-11 09:02:12 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807082389     Limitations of the 13th Amendment arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807089136
  • Illegal slavery still took place in prisons -involuntary labor was allowed according to the 13th Amendment for prisoners - AKA Black Codes
  • Imprisonment happened for minor things eg: disrespect
  • This labor was leased to plantation owners for little pay and was forced to work 
  • This law is still in place today - imprisoned labor is allowed to be used - AKA Modern Day Slavery 
  • Jim Crow Laws - separate but equal facilities for both races (but were not actually equal) 
    • ]]>     2021-10-11 09:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807089136     Industrialisation & Slavery arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807120364
  • Merchants, African Tribes, Slave Owners and Traders benefitted from the transatlantic slave route (a network of supply between nations)
  • A lot of cotton sold
  • Sugar and Tobacco from US to UK
  • Textiles, Gunpowder, Guns from US to UK
  • Enslaved Africans from Africa to the US

    • ]]>     2021-10-11 09:23:06 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1807120364     1916 - 1970 arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1810120877 This is the period in which The Great Migration took place. The Great Migration was the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest, and West. There is a connection between Slavery in the USA & The Great Migration. The Great Migration took place because of African Americans being segregated from society and due to the rising racism, which were both results of Slavery.]]> 2021-10-12 08:53:53 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1810120877 The Impacts and Effects of this Migration arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1810182281
  • Population change
  • Raised awareness of the African American political activists 
  • African Americans were able to build a place for themselves
  • African Americans were able to fight back the racial prejudices, and the economic and social inequalities 
  • Impacted other cultures in the future
  • Caused the Rise of the Harlem Renaissance
    • ]]>     2021-10-12 09:26:12 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1810182281     How does The Great Migration link to the Rise of the Harlem Renaissance? arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1810249999 The African American experience (slavery, the great migration) was an important theme in the artistic movement AKA The New Negro Movement AKA The Harlem Renaissance. A whole new era of political activism for African Americans was created. Rose artists and writers through this. This was basically what the Harlem Renaissance was about - more information ahead. ]]> 2021-10-12 10:03:33 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1810249999 Author Isabel Wilkerson & Her Thoughts on The Great Migration arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1810257276
  • The first woman of African American Heritage to win the Pulitzer Prize in journalism
  • An author who rose from the artistic movement
  • She was a child of migration, she and her family were directly impacted 

    • Essentially, in her book, she said the great migration was more than just an act of moving. It was about attaining freedom and going to a certain extent to achieve it. 
    ]]>     2021-10-12 10:07:52 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1810257276     More Background arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813260222
  • African Americans made very little money working the land (black codes) due to crop damage in 1890, early 1900s
  • Also, there a shortage workers during WW1, so African Americans pushed to to go to the North and work there
  • Large migration to the North as African Americans were treated better there
  • However, segregation still existed, which caused African Americans to create smaller communities - led to the creation of Harlem, and also led to the Civil Rights Movement. 
    • ]]>     2021-10-13 08:18:28 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813260222     Brief Connection to the Civil Rights Movement arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813280649 A mentioned earlier, The Great Migration brought upon a new era of political activism among African Americans (disenfranchised from the South and started living in the cities of the North and West). The Civil Rights Movement directly benefitted from this activism as there were parallels in how the goal of equality was achieved during the Civil Rights Movement and what was starting up due to The Great Migration. ]]> 2021-10-13 08:29:02 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813280649 1920 - 1930 arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813294333 This is the time period in which took place the rise of the Harlem Renaissance - a phase of the larger New Negro Movement. It was essentially "an intellectual and cultural revival of the African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theatre, and politics (hence the connection to what rose due to The Great Migration). It was centred in Harlem, Manhattan, NYC, USA.  ]]> 2021-10-13 08:36:08 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813294333 What Caused The Harlem Renaissance? arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813297929 As discussed in detail previously, it was due to The Great Migration. In simple terms, people migrated due to better job opportunities in the North, and eventually, there was a rise in political activism of African Americans which further triggered the Harlem Renaissance to happen. ]]> 2021-10-13 08:38:03 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813297929 What Type Of Music Arose From The Harlem Renaissance? arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813300579
  • Jazz
  • Blues Music
    • ]]>     2021-10-13 08:39:25 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813300579     Blues Music arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813304338
  • Most popular style in this period
  • Famous black writers considered this type of music to be an indigenous art form of the country's most oppressed people
    • ]]>     2021-10-13 08:41:12 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813304338     Jazz Music arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813339289 This was the most shaping aspect of the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the world and the US. ]]> 2021-10-13 08:57:11 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813339289 Famous Writers and Musicians of this Period arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813343109
  • Langston Hughes
  • Louis Armstrong
  • Zora Neale Hurston
  • Marcus Garvey
  • Aaron Douglas
  • Countee Cullen
  • Bessie Smith
  • Sterling A. Brown

    • ]]>     2021-10-13 08:59:08 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813343109     Langston Hughes arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813347376
  • Most famous writer of this period
  • Poet
  • Used art to show the universal experience of the Black Community 
  • Wrote a poem in 1926 - "The Height of The Harlem Renaissance"
    • ]]>     2021-10-13 09:01:31 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813347376     The Cotton Club arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813354187
  • An establishment started in the late 1920s
  • Started by boxing champion Jack Johnson, later sold to Owney Madden
  • Many more branches opened in around 1936
  • Shut down in 1940 due to tax evasion allegations and raid
  • The club distributed highly expensive alcohol to people - its distribution was illegal due to the 18th Amendment
  • This club entertained white and elite people eg: Mae West
  • The performers were African American only - not allowed to mingle with guests 

    • ]]>     2021-10-13 09:05:17 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813354187     Was The Cotton Club Good and Helpful? arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813355957
  • The performers of the Cotton Club were the best of the country, the best that Harlem could offer 
  • Due to this, the performers were highly in demand, and therefore got better pay compared to other African Americans - empowerment
  • Through the audience and the exposure gained through the Cotton Club (and the club's great reach), a lot of performers had their careers kickstarted - they had a boost
  • A lot of performers rose to great heights of fame eg: Cab Calloway
  • This was another form of empowerment of the African American People
    • ]]>     2021-10-13 09:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813355957     The Cotton Club's Connection to the Harlem Renaissance arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813357125 According to the exact definition of the Harlem Renaissance and what it was, a part of this movement was about the revival of African American music and dance. Due to the fact that so many African American performers got famous and popular during this time because of the Cotton Club, the prevalence of the African American culture grew, and hence it met exactly the core belief of this movement. ]]> 2021-10-13 09:06:47 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813357125 The Harlem Renaissance +/vs. The Civil Rights Movement arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813358115 The Civil Rights Movement was all about gaining equal rights for the African American people, essentially a "struggle for social justice."

    Basically, the Harlem Renaissance acted as the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement. This was in the sense that because the Harlem Renaissance was about reviving everything African American, the Civil Rights Movement was for the benefit of the African American people as well. ]]>     2021-10-13 09:07:19 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813358115     FYI - All About The newly Coined Term - "The New Negro" arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813362469
  • Colonial Period - the term was used "to designate newly enslaved African Americans by White People"
  • Late 19th Century - by this time, the term referred to a "general sense of racial renewal among Black People"
    • ]]>     2021-10-13 09:09:46 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813362469     1929 arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813363017 The Great Depression took place - which connects to the stock market crash. ]]> 2021-10-13 09:10:05 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813363017 1954 (between 1950 and 1960) arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813365352 As talked about previously, and the various events connecting to this, The Civil Rights Movement took place - led by people such as Martin Luther King Jr. ]]> 2021-10-13 09:11:20 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1813365352 The Roaring 20s arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819113892 After WWI (1914-18), there was a huge lifestyle change. The 20s were all about people prospering and cultures developing. Banks were giving out loans to everyone, and new inventions were being made (radios, vacuum cleaners, the washing machines). There was an explosion of industrial growth. Two major literary movements also took place, The Lost Generation (surviving adults of the war) and the Harlem Renaissance (African American culture awakening as mentioned before). While traditions still remained, women gained more rights in terms of smoking, voting (not African American Women), and how to dress. ]]> 2021-10-15 07:39:38 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819113892 Works Cited arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819117000
  • All information is from the handmade presentations and informational documents provided by the school teacher
  • All images are from Padlet's Web Search
    • ]]>     2021-10-15 07:41:47 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819117000     Economic Conditions Before The Stock Market Crash arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819164656
  • Unpredictable due to war debt
  • Citizens and Companies were well off
  • Stock Market = Popular = because more money was in circulation - people wanted to spend and borrow, and banks liked to lend
  • Then, companies overestimated their growth - interest rates rose and wages decreased 
  • This boom was becoming unsustainable 
  • This finally led to the 1929 Wall Street Crash
    • ]]>     2021-10-15 08:14:16 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819164656     Detrimental Deflation arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819183460
  • Deflation occurred and led to the collapse of many companies and caused unemployment
  • Shanty towns called hooverville had to be built to help the homeless, and the people falling in poverty due to low income. 
  • White people got to pick their jobs and got higher wages, but black people were adversely impacted because 50% of them were unemployed. 
  • "Prices dropped an average of ten percent every year between the years of 1930 and 1933"
  • War veterans wanted their payments early to cope with the Great Depression 
  • Britain Slump in manufacturing means a lot of people lost their jobs - during the was US farmers also provided food to European allies. After price and demand drop, they had surplus of food
  • But, farmers had to keep on planting to survive - vicious cycle

    • ]]>     2021-10-15 08:27:06 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819183460     Black Thursday arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819194995
  • Thursday 24th October 1929
  • Began the stock market crash 
  • Wiped many investors of their life savings = debt = bank failures
    • ]]>     2021-10-15 08:35:10 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819194995     Black Tuesday arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819196242
  • 29th October 1929
  • Caused by slow economic growth, protectionist trade policies worldwide, debt used to buy stocks 
  • marked the beginning of The Great Depression
  •  market lost a lot of money
    • ]]>     2021-10-15 08:36:04 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819196242     Effects of Unemployment arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819213174
  • Union Membership - increased trade unions
  • Standards of Living - dropped greatly, a lot of human suffering
  • Decline in spending and output - less AD, less output, making recession worse
    • ]]>     2021-10-15 08:48:05 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819213174     Impacts of Depression Globally arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819215086
  • Britain - less economic growth and slipped into severe depression
  • France - short lived depression and revival too. Less industrial production and deflation
  • South America - economic decline. Some nations experienced severe depression and some did not
  • Japan - high deflation but milder depression compared to US
    • ]]>     2021-10-15 08:49:34 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819215086     Impacts of the Depression within US explained further arshiyadua05 https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819231611
  • Jim Crow Laws - more segregation because white people get higher wage and get to pick jobs  - black people were more negatively impacted during this time period
  • African American people were given less aid
  • New Deal Programme benefitted black people but there was still a lot of discrimination
  • increase in racial violence
  • White employment was prioritised
    • ]]>     2021-10-15 09:01:16 UTC https://padlet.com/arshiyadua05/25ic49cpjc88lci/wish/1819231611