https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies en-us 2016-05-30 09:37:42 UTC 2018-12-13 14:37:56 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.storage.googleapis.com/portrait/crane_yellow.png ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113034765 - regeneration has occurred in 1960 and 1990, the one that was most successful occurred in 1990.

- in 1960 a crescent housing estate was built known as the Hulme crescents.
- it was very poorly insulated and the heating and electricity was also poor.
- the shape of the housing estate lead to a isolated collunity and a lack of community sprit occurred so many people moved out.
- this plus the poor heating, insulation and electricity meant the population of the housing estate left and evtually it became derelict.

- in 1990 the government applied for funding and joined a partnership with the local community and private companies.
- this gave them the money to demolish the old housing block and build a new one in its place.
- the new one was built on a brown field site and had all the amenerties already close by. ]]> 2016-05-30 10:13:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113034765 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113035835 - in Rio de Janeiro which is in the south east of Brazil.
- favela Bairro project started in 1995 and is so successful it is being used as a model for other redevelopment of squatter settlements 
- the project involves 253,000 people in 73 favelas 
- 40% of the $300 million funding for the project came from local authorities. Rest paid by international organisation.

Social improvement:
- day care centres and after school schemes to look after children so parents can work 
- adult education classes to improve adult literacy and get access to higher paying jobs
- services to help people affected by drug and alcohol addiction and domestic violence.

Economical improvements:
- residents can not apply to legally own property 
- training schemes to help people learn new skill and find better jobs so they can earn more

Environmental improvements:
- replacement of temporary building materials and the removal of homes on dangerously sleep slopes.
- widening and paving streets to provide better access to emergency services
 - proving basic services eg clean water, electricity and weekly rubish collections.]]> 2016-05-30 10:26:23 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113035835 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113036448 Self help schemes:
- this involves government and local people working together to improve settlement life.
- government supplies building materials and local people use them to build or improve homes
- this provides better housing and the money saved on labour can be used to provide basic services such as water supplies

Site and service scheme:
- people pay small amount of rent for a site 
They can borrow money to buy building material to build or improve house on their site.
- rent used by government to supply services to the sites

Local authority schemes:
- these are funded by local government and are about improving the temporary acomindations built by residents.]]> 2016-05-30 10:35:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113036448 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113037014 General information:
-Near Croydon in greater London
-Largest carbon neutral Eco community in the uk
-Built on reclaimed land and focuses on social and environmental sustainability
-82 homes , 18 work units.
-Uses low tech eco friendly building materials and techniques 
-Materials from local sources (60km radius) 

Homes use:
 -81%less heating
-45% less electricity
-58% less water 
-Recycle 60% of waste 
-11% of energy produced by sola panels
-65% residential car mileage 

Building/ project features:
-Uses building materials that store heat in warm weather and release heat in cold weather
-Uses 300mm insulation on all buildings
-Uses energy tracking in kitchens
-Homes facing south to maximise sola power energy gain
-Have roof gardens, rain water harvesting and wastewater recycling 
-ZED car sharing and local free public transport to encourage residents to take friendly attentive to car ownership
-Using heat from cooking and other every day activities for space heating
-Green transport plan - walking , cycling and public transport
-Produces as much rentable energy as consumed (777 m squared of solar panels and biomass heating)
-Low impact materials from rentable sources were used writhing 35 miles of the site to minimise energy required in transport  ]]> 2016-05-30 10:42:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113037014 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113037172 - urbanisation is being caused by internal migration from rural areas to cities.
- in 1990 26% of population lived in urban areas by 2006 44% lived in urban areas

Push factors:
- fewer jobs in rural areas as machinery makes farming more efficient so less worked are needed
- lower wages and higher poverty
- shortage of services as local communities do not have money to improve them.

Pull factors:
- more jobs
- higher wages and lower poverty
- better services as there is more money to pay fit them.

Impacts in urban areas:
- more workers and increased demand for services increases trade and industry (positive)
- increased population causes more pollution and enviomental damage. Over 270 cities in China have no water treatment plants so sewage is dumped into local rivers (negative)

Impacts in Rural areas: 
- 130 million people left areas to work so money is sent home to families. Increased income and avoidance of poverty (positive)
- young people migrate leaving aging population behind half of Chinese people aged over 60 now live withit  young relatives to support their (negative)

Management of unbiasation:
- urban - in 2001 China changed water supply system to cope with increased sewage and population. This helped improve water quality and supply.
- rural - in 2009 a pilot pension schem set up to guide retired farmers a pension every month. This helps raise income and reduce poverty.]]> 2016-05-30 10:45:23 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113037172 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Geographyurbanisationcasestudies/wish/113960435 - London docklands cooperation is an example of a UDC. It was set up in 1981 as a private company incharge of the regeneration of the east London dock area.
- it had 60% buildings derelict, 20% reduction in population and 18% unemployment.
- The LDDC worked and not the local authorities to plan the devolpment of the area. Used public money to buy and service the area by putting compulsory purchase orders in place , which lead to the displacement of people and businesses.
- private investors invited to buy property which was rented. Overall 700 new business start up occurred and 17,000 new jobs made.
- new public transport schemes put in place such as the DLR line linking area to the rest of the city. More people could access jobs and services regardless of income.
- 25,000 new homes built but original inhabitants could not afford new homes and had to leave the area.
- led to many economic benefits as a 3rd CBD was created for London. Benefits focuses on professional socioeconomic groups who can commute and. Work in the area. But it has overlooked the needs of the original inhabitants 

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