Contrast Medias Assignment by https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq en-us 2020-10-27 16:01:16 UTC 2024-06-01 10:32:01 UTC hello@padlet.com Molecular Structure reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866489240 Benzene ring with carbon atoms numbered clockwise as positions 1-6
  • Dissociates into an anion (benzene ring) and cation (sodium)
Position 1:  COOH (acid group) that makes benzoic acid and allows for the formation of salts/amides, influences water solubility. Has a NEGATIVE charge
Positions 2, 4, and 6: each contain one iodine atom  (3 total iodine atoms per molecule)
Positions 3 and 5: each contain a side group that determine HOCM class, lower toxicity & fat solubility, and increase solubility & excretion by kidneys

]]> 2020-10-27 16:30:03 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866489240 Molecule Size reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866490691 Ionic contrast media molecules tend to be smaller]]> 2020-10-27 16:30:23 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866490691 Monomer or Dimer? reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866491789 Can be either a monomer (1 benzene ring with 3 iodine atoms) or a dimer (2 benzene rings with 6 total iodine atoms)]]> 2020-10-27 16:30:37 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866491789 Osmolality reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866492535 Ionic monomers, HOCM have higher osmolality than  blood ) plasma (up to 5-8x) (1800-2100 mOsm/kg of water)

Can also come in the form of LOCM (ionic dimers) that have about 2x as much osmolality as blood (600-850 mOsm/kg of water)]]> 2020-10-27 16:30:47 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866492535 Compound Ratio reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866493271 3:2
(3 iodine atoms : 2 particles for osmolality) ]]> 2020-10-27 16:30:56 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866493271 Solubility reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866494039 Side groups help increase the solubility (hydrophilic) and
reduce fat solubility]]> 2020-10-27 16:31:06 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866494039 Viscosity reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866495497 CM containing meglumine salts are more viscous and less toxic due to lower iodine content

CM containing sodium salts are less viscous but more toxic]]> 2020-10-27 16:31:23 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866495497 Miscibility reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866495939 Miscibility is the ability of the agent to mix with body fluids

Ionic CM is highly miscible with the blood, but tends to pull water into the blood because its osmotic pressure is higher than in the surrounding tissues]]> 2020-10-27 16:31:29 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866495939 Persistence reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866496399 Less persistence]]> 2020-10-27 16:31:35 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866496399 Adverse Effects reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866496705 The osmotic effect caused by the dissociation in the blood means ionic CM is more likely to cause an adverse reaction
Can have hypertonic and chemotoxic side effects ]]> 2020-10-27 16:31:39 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866496705 Molecular Structure reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866500358 These molecules do not dissociate into an anion and cation when introduced into the bloodstream]]> 2020-10-27 16:32:22 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866500358 Molecule Size reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866500850 Nonionic contrast media molecules tend to be large]]> 2020-10-27 16:32:28 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866500850 Monomer or Dimer? reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866501132 Can either be a monomer or a dimer]]> 2020-10-27 16:32:32 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866501132 Osmolality reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866501684 Considered LOCM (300-484 mOsm/kg of water)

Monomers have about 2-3x more osmolality than blood

Dimers have about the same level of osmolality that blood does]]> 2020-10-27 16:32:39 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866501684 Compound Ratio reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866501983 3:1
(3 iodine atoms : 1 osmotically active particle)]]> 2020-10-27 16:32:43 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866501983 Solubility reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866502416 nonionic CM is more soluble in water (hydrophilic) with low fat solubility]]> 2020-10-27 16:32:48 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866502416 Viscosity reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866502682 viscous, must be warmed to body temperature before injection to decrease viscosity]]> 2020-10-27 16:32:52 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866502682 Miscibility reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866502987 Less miscibility

Nonionic CM is more water soluble in blood plasma, making it less toxic at the cellular level]]> 2020-10-27 16:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866502987 Persistence reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866503501 More persistence

Nonionic CM is less toxic to the body and can remain in the body for longer periods of time without causing serious damage]]> 2020-10-27 16:33:02 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866503501 Adverse Effects reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866503743 Because these molecules don't dissociate in the blood, they have a lesser osmotic effect and are less likely to cause adverse reactions]]> 2020-10-27 16:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/866503743 Molecular Structure reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867723346 Has same benzene ring and iodine molecule placement as ionic parenteral contrast media
Can contain either meglumine or sodium salts

]]> 2020-10-27 22:02:16 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867723346 Molecular Structure reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867723483 BaSO4
Compound composed of 1 barium, 1 sulfur, and 4 oxygen atoms]]> 2020-10-27 22:02:21 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867723483 Osmolality reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867732307 High osmolality]]> 2020-10-27 22:07:41 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867732307 Solubility reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867738615
  • Not soluble in water
  • forms suspension when mixed with water
  • stabilizing agents (sodium carbonate and sodium citrate) prevent flocculation when mixed with stomach acid
  • Not absorbed in the body
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 22:11:22 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867738615     Solubility reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867740295
  • Water-soluble
  • can be diluted with water for enemas or CT scans 

    • ]]>     2020-10-27 22:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867740295     Indications reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867742230
  • Suspected bowel perforation
  • bowel obstruction
  • pre-operative procedure
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 22:13:39 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867742230     Contraindications reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867742502
  • history of aspiration 
  • esophagotracheal fistula
  • iodine allergies
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 22:13:49 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867742502     Adverse Effects reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867742621
  • can cause diarrhea, systemic hypovolemia, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance
  • If aspirated, osmotic effusion can cause pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, and even death
  • anaphylaxis (theoretical)
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 22:13:53 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867742621     Indications reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867747765 Used during studies of the GI tract when no obstruction or perforation is suspected]]> 2020-10-27 22:17:09 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867747765 Contraindications reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867747899
  • perforation of GI tract 
  • Diverticulitis
  • Ulcerative Colitis
  • Toxic Megacolon
  • Chronic constipation
  • Pre-CT (too dense)
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 22:17:14 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867747899     Adverse Effects reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867748004
  • aspiration --> pneumonia
  • leakage into vascular system
  • severe constipation
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 22:17:18 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867748004     Miscibility reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867824881 Not absorbed through body membranes. Rather, it passes through the GI tract without interaction with other tissues]]> 2020-10-27 23:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867824881 Miscibility reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867826398 Can be absorbed through mucosa and excreted through the kidneys, however, most is passed through the GI tract and out the rectum ]]> 2020-10-27 23:06:02 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867826398 Types of negative contrast medias reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867829363
  • Gases (air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide)
  • gas-producing crystals or tablets
  • soda water
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 23:07:51 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867829363     Air reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867838846
  • SAFE to inject into synovial joints, can be used in the GI tract
  • UNSAFE to use in vessels because it will cause a gas embolus!
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 23:13:35 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867838846     Oxygen reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867839215
  • SAFE to use in the GI tract, is rapidly absorbed by the body
  • UNSAFE to use in vessels because it will cause a gas embolus!

    • ]]>     2020-10-27 23:13:48 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867839215     Carbon Dioxide reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867839342
  • SAFE to use in the GI tract and vessels, because it will not cause a gas embolus!
  • One of the best and most common gases used as contrast media
  • rapidly absorbed by the body

    • ]]>     2020-10-27 23:13:53 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867839342     Nitrous Oxide (NO) reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867839602
  • SAFE to use in the GI tract and vessels, because it will not cause a gas embolus!
    • ]]>     2020-10-27 23:14:01 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867839602     What Exams use Negative Contrast Media? reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867851042
  • UGI or esophagrams
  • Barium enemas
  • Enteroclysis
  • Double contrast arthrograms
  • Soft tissue neck studies

    • ]]>     2020-10-27 23:21:28 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/867851042     Characteristics reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018514015 High osmolality
    causes significant osmotic action in the GI tract]]>     2020-12-15 01:41:54 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018514015     Side Effects reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018515405
  • diarrhea 
  • systemic hypovolemia
  • dehydration
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • aspiration
    • pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, death
    • causes copious osmotic effusion
    • contraindicated in esophagotracheal fistula or in patients with hx of aspiration
    • ]]>     2020-12-15 01:42:35 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018515405     Common Exams using Gastrographin reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018518814 UGI, Esophagram
    • adults --> not diluted
    • Peds --> 30-60 mL diluted with 1:1 water
    Enemas
    • adults --> 1:4 water to gastro to make mixture approximately isotonic
    • peds --> 1:5 dilution
    ]]>     2020-12-15 01:44:13 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018518814     Metabolism reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018533029 Not metabolized
    Ionic CM dissociates, but there is no further breakdown of molecules]]>     2020-12-15 01:51:02 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018533029     Metabolism reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018534014 Not metabolized
    Nonionic CM does not dissociate and there is no separation of molecules]]>     2020-12-15 01:51:32 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018534014     Characteristics reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018569578
  • High Osmolality (1960 mOsm/kg water)
  • Water-soluble
  • Distribution into intracellular and extravascular spaces
  • no biotransformation
  • elimination half-life is 90 minutes
  • primarily excreted by the kidneys
    • 80% is eliminated 3 hours after injection
  • 98% of contrast is eliminated within 1 week
  • some evident of accumulation in brain tissue (heavy metal chelates)
    • ]]>     2020-12-15 02:09:18 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018569578     Contraindications reneesmith718 https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018573599 patients with renal disease or poor renal function
    Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)]]>     2020-12-15 02:11:22 UTC https://padlet.com/reneesmith718/24lknea5b6ezlabq/wish/1018573599