https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n Post your group's chosen Knowledge Question and your response. The goal is to help others understand how you chose to answer this question. You may post bullet points, drawings, etc. Be sure you make a claim in response to the question and support your claim with specific Real-life Examples (RLE). "Arguments are clear, coherent, and effectively supported by specific examples "(Essay assessment instrument). Responses should be approx. 200 words. en-us 2021-10-25 18:26:26 UTC 2021-12-08 17:30:26 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f52c.png gr360444 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1852134487 In general, scientists that specialize in natural science are motivated by their curiosity of wanting to know the world. They have questions about how the world works and have the tools to possibly answer those questions, so they do everything they can to have their questions answered. That pursuit of knowledge and understanding is why they push themselves to find out what they want to know. ]]> 2021-10-28 18:15:52 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1852134487 gr340984_2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1852136891 As we saw in the text natural science developments are constantly changing as new methods and scientific developments appear. Natural sciences have always been important for shaping the beliefs, culture, values, and space we live in. Natural sciences as the base of all other areas of knowledge and also serve as evidence and justification for knowledge concepts and questions. (Nuna e Joao)]]> 2021-10-28 18:17:06 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1852136891 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1852140581 What makes this area of of knowledge important?
This area, science, is important because it enables humans to develop technologies that will improve our productivity and therefore our production of knowledge, which will help society advance as a whole.]]> 2021-10-28 18:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1852140581 gr300146_2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1852155778 Yes, there could be scientific problems that are currently unknown because the technology needed to reveal them doesn't exist yet. An example of this can be seen with Ptolemy's synthesis, which at the time was regarded as something important and a "magnificent achievement", but was eventually proven wrong. Therefore, there could be scientific things that we consider as true that could be disproven due to a technological advancement that does not yet. This also means that there are some problems that we don't know of yet that might only be revealed after a new technological advancement.

By Stefano and Manoel

]]> 2021-10-28 18:26:27 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1852155778 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1869941959 Could there be scientific problems that are currently unknown because the technology needed to reveal them doesn’t exist yet?

The most prominent scientific problems that have not been discovered are when and how a specific event occurred, material, or element  occurred. With our current technologies we have a variety of tech to form close estimates to the origins of these scientific questions; however, we do not have a precise reason or location which is due to the lack of technology. 

]]> 2021-11-05 13:25:45 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1869941959 gr348203_3 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884303022 We believe that scientific knowledge can't be free from error because reviews come from humans, and even though it can be reduced to some extent, everyone has some kind of bias that will affect their judgement and interpretation of facts as well as their objectivity (concept). Accuracy can't be guaranteed but it can be a goal that must be reached, however it can't be achieved in its entirety since error is human. Ex: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00912-2]]> 2021-11-11 14:24:28 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884303022 gr360444 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884309806 Scientific knowledge is not free from error. Since scientists are the ones discovering and showing this knowledge to others, they are still prone to bias and mistakes meaning that the knowledge they find could be twisted because they are still human. The scientific method does allow for some accuracy and protects the knowledge we find from some biases since it does not all for subjectivity or bias. Since the scientific method requires the researcher to remain objective during the experiment and the study, it allows for some accuracy and some protection from bias and mistakes. ]]> 2021-11-11 14:26:48 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884309806 gr300187_1 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884318355 Scientific knowledge cannot be free from errors. Even though those types of bits of knowledge involve evidence and experimentation, it is impossible to hold full truth over something out of our control. For example, like the cell theory has its 3 main concepts, there are still some cells that are exceptions to that theory. ]]> 2021-11-11 14:29:46 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884318355 gr340984_2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884334590 I order for a theory, hypothesis, etc to be validated there is a variety of steps that are required to be taken by the scientific community. In order to determine the certainty, truth, and accuracy of a scientific theory a series of experiment need to be done to collect evidence, and then the data passes through a series of professionals from the community, for example peer review, before it is exposed to the public eye.]]> 2021-11-11 14:35:21 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884334590 gr300146_2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884343134 Scientific knowledge is not free from error. This is because there are always some misconceptions about scientific theories and not everything that is a part of scientific knowledge is 100% accurate. The scientific method can safeguard against mistakes and misconceptions, but it since it is dependent on humans, it will always be susceptible to human error. The scientific method does guarantee partial accuracy due to the fact that the technology that we have access to today is not fully developed. If it had been fully developed, we would have access to more information than we do today, and the scientific method would then guarantee accuracy. The scientific method is not always accurate as it can be affected by catchy headlines. One example of this would be that "Red Wine Reduces Breast Cancer Risk" when in reality, drinking alcohol could increases the risk of cancer.

By Manoel, Matheus, and Stefano]]> 2021-11-11 14:37:54 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1884343134 helentrajtenberg2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1925857775 I think that scientific knowledge should be regulated to the extent that research institutions and individual scientists can predict the impact of their research. For example, if a researcher or institution is aware of particular harm that may come to humans as a result of their research they should consider the consequences. For example, if publishing the results of a study on viruses could lead to a global pandemic (Resnik &Elliot) then the institutions that funded the research, as well as the individual scientists, have a responsibility to protect the public and not publish the results. The regulation should be the responsibility of the research institution (Resnik &Elliot). However, it is not always obvious what potential consequences may result from scientific research. For example, Einstein may not have thought about every potential outcome of the discovery of atomic energy when he was first conducting his research in physics.  However, once he became aware of the possible uses of his work he did voice his opinion in favor of stockpiling uranium (https://time.com/5641891/einstein-szilard-letter/).  "Einstein urged the United States to stockpile uranium ore and begin work on its own atomic weapons." In this case, his values lead him to favor producing knowledge that could put the US at an advantage in the race to produce a nuclear weapon during war times. Therefore, it may be impossible for scientists to predict the outcomes of all their work or how their work may be used (e.g., in times of war) but if it is possible it should be a goal of science to take responsibility and consider their role as "regulators" when it comes to non-epistemic goals of their work.  ]]> 2021-12-02 18:41:11 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1925857775 helentrajtenberg2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1927187461 Letter from Einstein to President Roosevelt raises questions about the relationship between the scientific community and the government during times of war. To me, this letter is an example of a time when science could not ignore "non-epistemic values" due to the potential ethical consequences of the knowledge being produced. ]]> 2021-12-03 12:08:53 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1927187461 helentrajtenberg2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1935935276 What role do paradigm shifts play in the progression of scientific knowledge (or knowledge in another AOK)?
Consider:
How was knowledge in this discipline before this change? 
Are current paradigms set in stone or could they change over time?

]]> 2021-12-08 14:13:14 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1935935276 helentrajtenberg2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1935936490 2021-12-08 14:13:41 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1935936490 helentrajtenberg2 https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1936427166 2021-12-08 17:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/helentrajtenberg2/24euaiji2obm9r2n/wish/1936427166