Solution- The United Nations could establish an advisory body in Congo’s government in order to maintain democracy and fair elections in Congo. The DRC’s history of corrupt governments holding off elections to favor those currently in power is worrying, and has led many in Congo to worry about the state of democracy in the DRC. Thus, amending this issue should be a priority, and the establishment of an advisory body to supervise elections and maintain democracy would be a good way to do so. 

Subtopic 1
Resistance to turn in arms and land to the national transitional council and later the TC and NSG by previously anti-Gadaffi rebels And other factions

 Policy 
 Arms and land should be surrendered to the proper authorities. 

Solution
 Legislation declaring the removal of arms backed by military support would be a primary solution as this was shown effective in the instance where the TC backed by Egypt and the U.A.E launched several military strikes on nonstate militant groups which resulted in the destruction of these groups and their arms being reclaimed by the TC. As well as incentives like pardons for crimes or governmental negotiations regarding the incorporation of the surrendering group's ideology would be key ways to facilitate the peaceful demilitarization And incorporation of these groups into the country.  

Sub topic 2
  
National salvation government and the Tubrook coalition into the government of national accord has yet to solidify causing political rifts between the    two governments like the NSG’s refusal to accept the results of the 2014 election

 Policy 
 The Netherlands backs the UN plan for a unity government of GONA 

Solution
Set up a second round of U.N moderated discussions too, One show the factions present the mutual benefit of combining especially pertaining to the domestic stability of the region and, two discussing the peaceful incorporation of different ethnic majorities, minorities, and religious groups to get major factions on each side on board with a conjoined government. As the reason the last attempt failed/is unstable is because of the opposing ideologies of large groups inside each faction. 

Sub Topic 1- Lack of food, shelter, and protection has driven many in Somalia to resort to piracy and terrorism in order to provide for themselves as well as their families.

Policy- The Netherlands policy is that the humanitarian aid provision is embedded in a multilateral framework, emphasising coordination, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has engaged in a constructive – and at times critical – policy dialogue with UN agencies. Complementarity is sought by matching support for the UN with that for the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The Netherlands policy also states that dutch humanitarian aid policy, laid down in several documents, is consistent with internationally accepted humanitarian principles. It is also largely in line with the principles of Good Humanitarian Donorship. The concentration of aid provision on focus countries and regions is appropriate in view of the humanitarian needs there. Sufficient flexibility is maintained to be able to respond to disasters elsewhere. The implementation of humanitarian aid policy has been coherent with diplomatic action and the fostering of peace processes in the countries covered by the evaluation.

Solution- One way we can implement aid into Somalia is with the help of UN entities. An example of an entity is the Red Cross movement which is part of Netherland’s policy and the World Food Programme, which specializes in providing relief to millions of disaster victims. They mobilize food and funds for transport for all large scale feeding operations.

Sub Topic 2- Somalia was ravaged by a bloody civil war from 1986 till 1992. Rebel groups continued to fight for the hegemony of territories even after the end of the conflict. The civil war and instability provided fertile ground for the birth of Al-Shabaab, one of the deadliest terrorist organizations in Africa.Some analysts have pointed out that violence is a major driver of corruption.Somalia has been rocked by instability and bloody insurgencies since 1992. Last year, the country's capital Mogadishu became the site of one of Africa's deadliest terror attacks when a truck laden with explosives was detonated,killing more than 500 people Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility. The group, whose splinters have links to both Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State terror groups, aims to overthrow the Somali government and impose its own version of Islam in the country.

Policy- The point of view of the Netherlands is that the solution to the conflict in Somalia is in the hands of the Somalian authorities. The Netherlands is supporting some projects in Somalia, like supporting several parliaments in Somalia, projects from different NGO’s working on good governance, the Somalia Stability Fund, a contribution to maritime security with the EU missions in Somalia and the UNODC; support of economic development and creation of youth employment via the Somaliland Development Fund. Next to this, we support the Addressing Root Causes of Conflict and Migration (ARC) fund.

Solution: The Netherlands propose a solution of funding military organizations and military groups so that we could get their help to protect Somalia from their terrorist groups and corrupt government.

Sub Topic 3- At least 6.2 million people in Somalia, or just about half the country are grappling with the prospect of an acute food shortage due to deepening drought.that famine killed about 258,000 people in Somalia between 2010 and 2012. Furthermore, the drought and food crisis has resulted in diseases such as Cholera, which has affected around 11,000 people already. 

Policy- The Netherlands' approach to development cooperation is all about people's rights and opportunities. Everyone should be able to stand on their own feet and have opportunities to develop successful lives. The Netherlands also want governments in developing countries to provide stability and protect their population. Where possible the Netherlands links aid to trade. This contributes to sustainable economic growth worldwide, which benefits people in developing countries – including the poorest and most vulnerable groups in society. And it also provides opportunities for Dutch businesses.

Solutions- As from the policy, the Netherlands can link aid to trade with Somalia to help with starvation and drought. With the help of military groups, sending food will be less risky for both Somalia and Netherlands.

Policy: The Netherlands is providing staff officers, personnel of the Royal Military and Border Police and civilian advisers. The nation supports the Malian government and is working with nations like France to deploy a 2,500 troops to aid the 3,000 Malian soldiers in defending Central Mali from rebel groups.

Solution: Increase the amount of Dutch police officers and civilian experts to help train the Malian police forces and suggest developments to the judicial system in order to make it more democratic. 

Sub topic 2: Terrorism is a major problem in Mali resulting in warfare, kidnapping, hostage situations, child soldiers, human rights abuses, etc.

Policy: The Netherlands is a part of the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali. Dutch forces focus on analyzing intelligence for the UN mission and also contribute towards the coalition against ISIS, reflecting their stance against terrorism.

Solution: Facilitate peace talks between Malian government and rebel groups with emphasis on resolution/ negotiation. Enlist strategies from the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy to counteract Terrorism in Mali.

Sub topic 3: Human rights issues such as poverty and a refugee crisis are plaguing Mali. 45% of Malians are living under poverty, over 140,000 Malians are seeking refuge in neighboring countries, and schools are occupied by armed forces, with 296 closed.

Policy: The Netherlands is continuing active participation in the UN peace mission in Mali and has their borders opened to refugees in war torn countries since the 90s.

Solution: Enlist the help of NGOs such as Africa Educational Trust to support the education of the country by bringing transportable schools to areas of refuge.

- Suggest that safe African and European countries open borders for refugees. 

- Temporary food and shelter clinics in safe zones for those affected with funding from NGOs such as Amnesty International, CARE, and Human Rights Watch.

- Around half the population live in extreme poverty and a starving  because of economic hardships

- The DPRK is not willing to cooperate with the UN, IAEA, or any other organization. 

Solution/ Policy:
To address the effects of major man-made crises (and natural disasters) the Netherlands helps the people affected to save their lives and restore their dignity. It does so by providing humanitarian assistance (e.g. food, shelter, protection), both directly and through UN agencies, the Red Cross Red/Crescent movement, international NGOs and local organisations. With this knowledge a solution proposed by The Netherlands is to have the UN and participating countries to help fund programs that have already been implemented in our country to provide aid to the citizens of the DPRK. Programs such as CoMensha which provides assistance to and registration of possible victims of trafficking. CoMensha is an NGO that receives government funding and closely collaborates with police and other national authorities. 

 

 Policy:  Netherlands tolerates no amount of terrorism.  So far, Netherlands has spent up to $23 million on counterterrorism. The Netherlands is a member of the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS, and is working to stop terrorism. 

Solution: Support the Nigerian military to take control of Boko Haram using incentives such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in order to stop this amount of violence.


Subtopic 2:  Many citizens are being heavily affected because they are being attacked by the terrorist group and aren’t getting the basic resources they need such as education, health care, and rehabilitation as a result of the poor infrastructure and leadership of the group.

 Policy:  The Netherlands have so far developed a social security system to provide all its citizens with health care, and unemployment benefits. 

Solution:  Once the conflict has been toned down, you can send Islamic educators from Saudi Arabia or any other Islamic country to teach children not to join any terrorist groups and provide many opportunities such as agriculture for further economic development in the region and other NGOs that can help further improve and provide people with proper medical aid. 


Subtopic 3:  The Nigerian government’s structure is weak enough because of its poor leadership making it harder for NGOs and any other attempts to stop the organization from doing anything such as stopping the terrorist group or helping those in need. 

Policy:  The Netherlands believes that aid should go to the poorest people in the poorest countries. They think that Countries capable of funding their own development should no longer be eligible for traditional aid. They have so far spent $4.8 billion on net official development assistance, and are looking to increase that amount. 

Solution:  Help the Nigerian government develop a stronger infrastructure and leadership by sending money and basic necessities. While the country recovers, send help to the government, and assist the government in recovering as well. They could also send advisers from other African nations that have turned their government around from corruption. 

Sub-Topic 2: After Ukraine declared independence from Russia Federation, there has been conflicts between the Crimean peninsula and Russia. 
Policy: The Netherlands has been against Russia since they invaded Ukraine, stating they broke international law and violated Ukraine's sovereignty. This opposition to Russia’s involvement in Ukraine has continued to 2018 where they are against the blocking of the Kerch Strait and ports by the Russian federation. 
Solution 2: In order to stop Russian Annexation of Crimea we need to get China on everyone the side of everyone else in the Security council. The UN needs to get Ukraine involved in Trade with China, specifically with their Iron, Coal, and Iron. Once they are involved in trade China will be more inclined to Support Ukraine. We will then try to pass a UN sponsored resolution to maintain Ukraines “sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity”.

Sub-Topic 3: Russian- Backed- Rebels caused many issues in the Crimean peninsula and by 2013, 6,000 people had been killed by the Russian- Backed- Rebels. This causes a more social issue of the annexation of Ukraine and the conflict that is caused because of the disagreeance. 
Policy: The Netherlands was in support of UN’s Security Council Resolution 2202 in 2015, which called for a ceasefire. The ceasefire didn’t work because bombing of the country has continued since. 
Solution 3: We can attempt to send UN Peacekeeping Missions to stop conflict but the bigger problem is getting the Russian Federation out, we should implement more Sanctions, specifically military sanctions on Russia since we have implemented Economic ones. 

Policy- The Netherlands took around 60,000 refugees during 2015, the height of the refugee crisis. Now, they are looking for effective ways to integrate them into society. The Netherlands believes that re-integration is crucial as seen by its previous actions toward other refugees, mainly from Syria. There are several refugee integration groups active within The Netherlands as well as the European Union. 

Solution - 
Re-integrate these refugees into society, as many of these refugees are going into neighboring states, these also have unstable situations to guide them and educate them in a field to contribute to the society of the country they are going to be integrated into. Many children are refugees, we need to educate them and have them well feed which is one of our main goals for this issue. This consists of funding from countries, the UNHCR, NGOs, and other donations. Then we will use these funds to better refugee camps and effort for reintegration programs. Also the neighboring countries are cramped so we must encourage other African countries to take in refugees from this conflict to smooth out the influx of refugees that are going to the neighboring countries who already face difficult situations themselves. Educating these children refugees and reintegrating them into society can serve as an economic incentive to these countries.

Subtopic 2-  Political Turbulence in The Central African Republic. This consists of a weakened government and security/military forces due to the conflict between the civil groups called Anti-Balaka and the Seleka. 

Policy-  The Netherlands looks to stabilize certain regions and to strengthen government forces to deal with this issue and to protect civilians firstly. The Netherlands has taken part in one of EU’s past comprehensive plans of action in the Central African Republic. This was called EUFOR RCA or European Union Military Operation Force in the Central African Republic. These missions have proven successful and completed the tasks of which they were to complete when they were created. 
Solution- 
One of the things that we can learn from this past operation is that it is possible for effective intervention from international parties. The EUFOR RCA initiative was able to stabilize important areas in Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, including the major city airport. It also trained local security personnel to better deal with the situation in the capital. Therefore, other solutions can be supported with military intervention. (Private Military Companies are a viable option to use). This can train security, secure areas, and help provide aid, etc. Therefore, PMCs can work within the Central African Republic, work with local and government forces and help protect civilians and deal with these groups. 
Subtopic 3- Illegal Trade and Smuggling. Insurgent/smuggling groups are fueled by illegal trade products and unethical sources of human labor/force. This includes the trade of diamonds and ivory done by forced/bloody labor (blood diamonds) or the Lord’s Army which consists of many child soldiers.
Policy- The Netherlands itself faces a problem with illegal wildlife trade, of which it is both a destination and a transit hub. It also faces an illegal arms trade problem. The Netherlands has been unable to effectively combat these issues within its own nation. 

Solution 3- Instead of having the refugees rely entirely on foreign aid, the Netherlands would like them to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. Western Sahara has a very dry and arid environment making farming difficult. However, it has huge deposits of phosphates and valuable minerals used to make fertilizers and chemicals. Our solution is to bring in people who specialize in land preservation and have them teach that to the people. Their dry land can be used through fertilizers and phosphates in the water will promote plant growth. Some crops that can be grown in these conditions are: beans, cucumbers, eggplants, and melons. The refugees will have the knowledge to maintain their farmland and eventually won't have to rely on other countries. As this is being prepared, 
the Netherlands can provide foreign aid until they've reached sustainability.