The bookmaking habits of Select Species

Why I write

The last question

Adventure of the speckled band

Against interpretation

ChatGPT is a blurry JPEG of the Web

Story of your life

The legacy

Art and the science of generative AI

As the AI industry blooms, what toll will it take on the environment?

Vaster than empires and more slow

Critical thinking: thinking process of forming self-regulatory and reflective judgements which could determine one's beliefs and behaviors.

Therefore, recent years have witnessed many studies on the cultivation and information communication technology tools. The use of emerging technologies such as chatbot systems could guide and inspire students to think over and make judgments, thus gradually developing the habit of critical thinking. The artificial intelligence-integrated chatbot was proved effective to enhance students’ thinking ability and expectations

Many previous studies have examined the effect of chatbots on students’ engagement. Engagement is the extent to which students actively involve or participate in learning activities [36]. A narrative-based learning system equipped with chatbot feedback significantly improved users’ engagement [37]. Likewise, a mobile chatbot-based learning approach enabled nursing students to believe that chatbots could promote their learning engagement [31]. However, the interaction with chatbots failed to make a statistically significant difference in engagement in the extensive reading activity

table 2: the learning content of the studies on Chatbot and education - most studies were about computer science, medicine, language, industrial technology

Table 2: Strengths and limitations of ChatGPT

The use of student-facing AI applications offers exceptional potential for improving intelligent student support systems and scaffolding student learning in adaptive and personalised ways (Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019)

Similarly, ChatGPT is trained on a large dataset of text data, enabling it to learn patterns and relationships in the language and to generate new text that is similar to the text it has been trained on. However, the model uses a neural network architecture called a Transformer, which is particularly well-suited to processing and generating text. In the absence of a thorough investigation, it appears that the technology behind ChatGPT could potentially be utilised to improve the performance of personalised adaptive learning. As at the current stage of development, the ChatGPT model seems to be limited to fine-tuning specific tasks, like language translation or answering questions, to improve its performance. It is imperative to note that both the impressive capabilities of ChatGPT as well as its limitations reflect the fact that it operates in a similar manner to Google's smart compose suggestions, generating ideas based on what it has previously read and processed (Heilwell, 2022). Consequently, it can appear confident while not demonstrating a deep understanding of the subject matter. While ChatGPT has shown impressive capabilities in helping students in writing, AI-powered writing applications have already been widely used for quite some time. It is ironic that ChatGPT has caused so many anxieties in the academic community, and yet it may prove most useful to teachers when it comes to facilitating more innovative teaching and learning. The next section discusses teacher-facing AI applications

Teachers may use teacher-facing AIEd in order to reduce their workloads, gain insights from their students, and facilitate classroom innovation (Baker & Smith, 2019). These AIEd systems are designed to assist teachers by automating assessment, plagiarism detection, administration, as well as feedback mechanisms. The AI-powered applications may also enable teachers to gather insight into their students’ learning progress in order to provide additional guidance and support as needed. Cope et al. (2020) suggest that AI-powered assessment applications hold the greatest potential for bringing about transformative education changes. Contrary to conventional assessment methods that rely on distinct and atypical artefacts to select and provide response tests for retrospective, summative sampling, AIpowered assessment systems may support the integration of continuous feedback into learning processes by utilising distinctive and atypical artefacts

Another interesting opportunity for instructors is to leverage ChatGPT to innovate their teaching strategies. Instructors could use flipped learning to ensure that the most critical pieces of work are completed in class and to focus more on multimedia assignments or oral presentations as opposed to class assignments. Additionally, instructors have the opportunity to spend more time giving feedback and revising students’ work. A major benefit of ChatGPT is that it allows students to learn through experimentation and experience. Using ChatGPT, students can evaluate different strategies and approaches to solving problems and achieving goals through game-based learning (Sutton & Allen, 2019) or other student-centred pedagogies (Mills, 2023a). Students who prefer hands-on, experiential learning will gain from using ChatGPT as a learning aid.

. There are a variety of student-centred learning strategies that can be designed to be played in groups. The ChatGPT application has the potential to serve as a means of generating different scenarios for students to work together to solve problems and achieve goals. In this way, a sense of community can be fostered, and students can learn from one another and support one another.

This technology has the potential to revolutionize various activities in educational settings, such as searching for information, answering specific questions, enquiring about any topic; engaging in open conversations and discussions; writing and editing reports and essays; generating software codes; providing tutoring by explaining codes; providing samples of data for databases and analysis; and solving mathematical calculations and statistical analysis, as well as translating texts to other languages

This paper suggests that educators should encourage the use of human-AI tool augmentation for performing tasks such as finding information and ideas, editing texts and improving writing.

Reflection note/report - Students should document the steps of writing a ChatGPT supported report/text, including any odd things found, contradictory findings, texts without references, new ideas or developments, ideas that already exist and how the student has built upon them, and any judgments made by the student that ChatGPT did not support with an answer.

Swap roles - Instructor can swap role with students in order to evaluate the authenticity of learning and critical and creative thinking. The instructor could generate texts for one assignment topic using ChatGPT, and the students are required to evaluate the text (i.e., information), check accuracy, criticize it, search for more relevant texts, synthesize it, and build on it. This technique can be used as an effective way to assess the critical/ creative thinking and ensure authenticity of learning. Additionally, other strategies and techniques should also be implemented when this role is swapped.

The benefits of using ChatGPT in education or more generally, educative AI, include a more personalized and efficient learning experience for students as well as easier and faster feedback for teachers. However, challenges such as the untested effectiveness of the technology, limitations in the quality of data, and ethical and safety concerns must also be considered.

The following theoretical framework (Figure 1; the IDEE Framework) can be used as a guide while utilizing ChatGPT and other generative AI in education:

1. Identify the Desired Outcomes: Before using ChatGPT or other generative AI in education (or “educative AI”), it is important to identify the objectives of the application. This ensures that the use of technology aligns with desired outcomes.

2. Determine the Appropriate Level of Automation: Depending on the objectives, it may be appropriate to fully automate the teaching or learning experience using educative AI or to use it as a supplement to traditional teaching methods.

3. Ensure Ethical Considerations: The ethical implications of using educative AI must be carefully considered, including potential biases, and their impact on teachers and students.

4. Evaluate the Effectiveness: It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of educative AI in achieving the desired outcomes.

Experiements and game-based learning / flexibility, speed, human like conversation/students who prefer hands-on, experimental learning can evaluate different strategies and approaches to solving problems and achieving goals[2]

Generating different scenarios for group activity/flexibility, well-organized approach/foster a sense of community, students can learn from & support one another[2]

Providing discussion structure, feedback, and personalized guidance for group discussion/flexibility, speed, well-organized approach/improve student participation[3]

Generate questions and prompts for critical thinking/cost-effective, human like conversation (must regard creativity)/improve critical thinking ability[3]

Generate quizzes and flashcards/cost-effective, well-organized approach/improve student engagement, reduce burden of quiz design for teachers[3]

Reflection note/report/limitations of ChatGPT/critical interpretation of ChatGPT generated results (any odd things found, contradictory findings, texts without references, new ideas or development, ideas that already exists and how the student has built upon them, any judgements made by student that ChatGPT did not support with an answer)[4]

Swapping roles(instructor generate text via ChatGPT, students evaluate the text, check accuracy, criticize, search for more relevant texts..)/??/evaluate the authenticity of learning and critical and creative thinking[4]

Ask ChatGPT to answer a given essay question but have it include scholarly research to justify the response. In the time it would have taken students to research one idea, they could have read and evaluated several critical responses from AI to determine how their personal interpretations either confirm or refute ideas in the text.

Instruct students to enter original ideas in a simple format and ask ChatGPT to convert those ideas into standard essay format. The student could then analyze and evaluate several responses to further develop their own ideas as well as their understanding of formal academic writing.

Ask ChatGPT to generate a series of outlines to a given question about important concepts from the text. Students could then read, analyze, and evaluate which outline most closely reflects their interpretation of the text as well as the reality of their own lives.

A conversation with Ken Liu(padlet)

1. Formulate a critical question about intelligence, thinking, storytelling, and reading

2. Introduce Ken Liu’s article “Magic in the Machine” to ChatGPT before asking any question (your own summary, direct quote, critical comment, etc.)

3. Ask ChatGPT your question and evaluate its initial response

4. Offer additional information if necessary and ask a revised version of your question

5. Evaluate the new response and reflect upon the process (repeat the process if you find it helpful/have the time)

Critical Analysis with ChatGPT

1. Ask ChatGPT to Analyze the structure of your Essay#1

2. After reading ChatGPT’s feedback carefully, comment on ChatGPT’s response. (In what ways did ChatGPT understand your purpose/design clearly or miss the point? )

3. Ask another analytical question about your own essay and ask ChatGPT to offer suggestions for improvement. Provide your own thoughts about the strengths and the weaknesses of your essay. (You can decide how much information you wish to share with ChatGPT here.)

4. Based on ChatGPT’s answer, reflect on which (or how much) of the advice offered sounds convincing or helpful. Explain in detail.

5. Then ask another question that you believe will be particularly helpful in improving the analytical quality of your essay and reflect on ChatGPT’s answer again. Think carefully about your own perception of “improvement” and phrase your question accordingly.

Using ChatGPT's new fundtion My GPTs

1. Share your topics for your final projects and ask questions about each others’ project (to help each other articulate their objectives with more clarity)

2. Come up with common themes or concerns among your group members (or anything that your group finds interesting/helpful)

3. Create a GPT that can help you (1)conduct research for the final project, (2)brainstorm your ideas, and (3)draft your project proposal

ChatGPT open to public since November 30, 2022

People use ChatGPT to write essay, summarize the reading material for class, for coding homework

Forbidding use of ChatGPT in education is impossible.

Problem of ChatGPT in education: uncritical acceptance of ChatGPT generated text

Introduce various ways to utilize ChatGPT, which encourages the user's critical thinking in education.

This course - activities using ChatGPT were mostly related to writing

Use of ChatGPT in previous step - critical reading

Literature analysis