Endocrine system Pathology by Emely Del Cid

Addison’s Disease

alemanana986 — 2025-02-04 21:14:25 UTC

Addison’s disease is a rare endocrine disorder, where the adrenal glands cannot produce enough amounts of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. Addison’s disease is caused by several factors, like autoimmune disorder, infection, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and removal or damage of the adrenal glands. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, low blood pressure, salt cravings, weight loss, nausea and vomiting. As of this moment Addison’s disease is not curable and has no set treatments but there are medications like corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids to help with it. A famous person that suffered from Addison’s disease was John F. Kennedy, who was diagnosed in 1947 and managed it through his life.

Cushing’s Disease

alemanana986 — 2025-02-04 21:21:22 UTC

Cushing’s disease is a hormonal disorder that causes the body to produce too much cortisol, a hormone that controls blood pressure and blood sugar. It is caused by having too much adrenocorticotropin hormone in the body. Some symptoms include weight gain, diabetes, bone loss, muscle weakness, depression, memory loss and skin changes. Cushing’s disease is curable and treatment includes surgery, medications and radiation therapy. A famous person who struggles with Cushing’s disease is the American comedian and actress Amy Schumer.

Grave’s Disease

alemanana986 — 2025-02-04 21:21:47 UTC

Grave’s disease is a disorder that affects the thyroid gland leading to an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). It’s cause is unknown but there’s factors that can trigger the disease. For example genetics, hormonal changes, bacterial infections or stress. Some symptoms include weight loss, shaky hands, an enlarged thyroid gland, nervousness, irregular heartbeat and muscle weakness. Graves disease is not curable but with treatments like radioactive therapy, antithyroid medications and thyroid surgery, people can achieve remission and a balanced thyroid. A famous person who struggle’s with grave’s disease is the Star Wars actress Daisy Ridley. Her symptoms started because of stress as they filmed the movie.

Hashimoto Disease

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:06:12 UTC

Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the thyroid gland. It is caused by genetics, sex, age, infections, certain medications and excess iodine. Some symptoms include hair and skin changes, depression, goiter or enlargement of the thyroid. Hashimoto’s disease causes heart problems, mental health issues, sexual and reproductive dysfunction and myxedema. Hashimoto’s disease cannot be cured but there’s treatments like monitoring, surgery or thyroid hormone replacement to be treated. A famous person with that disease is Oprah Winfrey, American actress and producer. She was first diagnosed in 2007 on her show and in a magazine.

Gigantism

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:06:25 UTC

Gigantism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by excessive growth and height due to the overproduction of hormone. It is caused by pituitary adenine, a gland that produces growth hormones, and genetic disorders. Its symptoms include rapid and excessive growth in height, enlarged hands and feet, protruding jaw, delayed puberty, joint paint and headaches. There is no cure for gigantism but surgery can be done to remove the pituitary adenoma to suppress growth hormone production. A famous person with gigantism is Robert Wadlow, who is considered the tallest person in history with a height of 8’11.

Dwarfism

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:06:42 UTC

Dwarfism is a condition that causes people to be shorter than the average. It is typically caused by genetic mutations, hormone deficiencies and malnutrition. It’s effects include short stature, disproportionate body portions like short limbs and large heads, joint stiffness and scoliosis. Since dwarfism is not fatal there is no cure but there are treatments. Some include surgery to correct limb misalignment, bone and ligaments can be removed from compressed areas of the spinal column, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt can relieve a buildup of CSF. A famous person with Dwarfism is Warwick Davis. He was a British actor and television presenter and has been in the industry since he was 11.

Prolactinoma

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:07:21 UTC

prolactinoma is a noncancerous tumor in the pituitary gland that causes the body to produce too much prolactin. Prolactin’s cause is unknown but it can happen from genetic factors, mutations or other causes. Symptoms vary depending on size and location of the Tumor and gender and age. Common symptoms in women include irregular or absent menstrual periods, breast milk production, infertility and vaginal dryness. Common symptoms in men include erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, breast enlargement (gynecomastia), and infertility. It is often treatable with medication and surgery but can’t always be cured.

Thyroid cancer

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:07:40 UTC

Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the thyroid gland, a butterfly shaped gland located in the front of the neck. There are 4 types: papillary carcinoma-most common, follicular carcinoma- less common, medullary carcinoma-rare type, and anaplastic- most aggressive. It is caused by genetics, exposure to radiation or age. Its symptoms include lump, nodule in the neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing and pain in the neck. Its treatments include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A famous person with thyroid cancer is Sofia Vergara from Modern Family. She underwent surgery to remover her thyroid gland and received radioactive iodine therapy.

Goiter

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:08:04 UTC

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, located in the front of the neck. Several factors cause it, some which include iodine deficiency, autoimmune disorders, thyroid nodules, Graves’ disease and genetics. Common symptoms include swelling of the neck, difficulty swallowing and voice changes. While there isn’t a cure for goiter in a way you can eliminate the thyroid gland with medication, iodine supplements, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery. A famous person with a goiter was Marie de’Medici, the queen of France in 1610.

Hypothyroidism

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:08:24 UTC

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone. It is caused by immune system attack, iodine deficiency, radiation therapy, congenital defects and medications. Symptoms include tiredness, weight gain, depression, puffy face, hands, feet, slow speech, thickening of the skin, thinning of eyebrows, low body temperature and slow heart rate. Treatments for hypothyroidism usually involves taking thyroid hormone replacement tablets for life. A famous person with hypothyroidism is Hillary Clinton, former First Lady and presidential candidate.

Hyperthyroidism

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:08:55 UTC

Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormones. It’s causes include Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis and other causes like medications and pregnancy. Its symptoms include heart rate and palpitations, anxiety, weight loss, heat intolerance, increased sweating, tremors and muscle weakness . Treatments include antithyroid medications, radiative iodine therapy and surgery. A famous person with hyperthyroidism is the rapper Missy Elliott, who managed her condition with radiation therapy and lifestyle changes.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:09:20 UTC

Diabetes type 1 is a chronic autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. The exact cause is unknown but it is believed to be a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Symptoms include high blood sugar levels, blurred vision, weight loss and slow healing wounds. Treatments include insulin therapy, blood sugar monitoring, diet and exercise and medications. Diabetes type 1 can head to heart disease, eye problems and nerve damage. A famous person with diabetes type 1 is Nick Jonas, American singer-songwriter and actor, from Jumanji.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:09:47 UTC

Diabetes mellitus Type 2 is a condition where the body does not use insulin effectively or does not produce enough insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. It is causes by insulin resistance, pancreatic dysfunction, genetics, and lifestyle factors like obesity or unhealthy diets. Its symptoms include fatigue, slow healing wounds, blurred vision, frequent urination, increased thirst. There is no cure but lifestyle changes like weight loss, exercise and healthy diet, meditations and monitoring can help with it. Its complications include heart disease, strokes, kidney disease, nerve damage and foot problems. A famous person with diabetes mellitus type 2 is Tom Hanks, from the comedies splash and Big.

PCOS

alemanana986 — 2025-02-06 14:09:55 UTC

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is caused by irregular periods, cysts on the ovaries, increased androgen levels, and insulin resistance. It’s symptoms include infrequent or absent periods, heavy or prolonged bleeding and irregular ovulation. There is no cure for PCOS but lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, exercise and diet can help with it. Also medications like insulin sensitizers, anti-androgens and birth control pills can help with it. A famous person is with PCOS is Lea Michele, American actress, singer and songwriter.