CARBOHYDRATES by Roberta Balducci https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz THE QUESTION AND THE ASWER en-us 2018-01-15 09:54:37 UTC 2025-11-11 00:00:06 UTC hello@padlet.com 2) WHICH ARE THEIR FUNCTIONS AND ROLE IN LIVING ORGANISMS andreaarditi https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221621343 Their have ketone or aldehyde fuction and role in living organisms are storage of energy, structural component, breakdown of fatty acids, biological recognition processes and component of coenzymes]]> 2018-01-16 09:22:12 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221621343 18) Describe the oxidation of the glucose https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221621672 The glucose contain many alcohol groups,so if we operate in proper conditions, this groups can be oxidized to aldehyde groups by oxidation reactions. 
 The aldehyde group of an acyclic sugar (when the chain is open) can be oxidized to  carboxylic acid to form a molecule called aldonic acid. 

]]> 2018-01-16 09:23:46 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221621672 15)What are polysaccharides? How are they chemically bonded? Wich are the main polysaccharides? https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221621788
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.
Three main polysaccharides related to the human nutrition include:
Starch ─ an energy source obtained from plants
 Cellulose ─ a structural polysaccharide in plants; when consumed, it acts as a dietary fiber
 Glycogen ─ a storage  form of glucose in the human liver and muscles. 
]]> 2018-01-16 09:24:15 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221621788 13)DESCRIBE THE STROCTURE OF LACTOSE AND ITS LINK https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221621875 Lactose is composed of galactose and glucose. Is a disaccharide wich for a β 1→4 glycosidic linkage]]> 2018-01-16 09:24:42 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221621875 MARCO MASSETTI https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622074 Describe the main characteristics of galactose.

Galactose is a monosaccharide of which two isomeric forms are known, D and L. It is an epimer of glucose which is similar in structure and identical in composition.

Galactose, in the form of β-d-galactopyranose, variously combined with other sugars, is widespread in nature, both in the plant kingdom and in the animal kingdom. It is the main sugar of glycolipids (generic term that indicates lipids containing oligosaccharides) of plants and algae.



]]> 2018-01-16 09:25:39 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622074 1) Aisa Alessia What are carbohydrates? What are they composed by? What are they also called? https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622305 Carbohydrates, also called saccharides, are organic compound and they are composed by carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  ]]> 2018-01-16 09:26:46 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622305 Davide Ceccarelli. 4) WHAT IS THE FISHER PROJECTION? WHICH IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN D-MONOSACCHARIDES AND L-MONOSACCHARIDES? https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622428 It is the open form of monosaccharides. A D-monosaccharide has the OH of the bottom most asymmetric carbon to the right. A L-monosaccharide has the OH of the bottom most asymmetric carbon to the left.

]]> 2018-01-16 09:27:13 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622428 19) How do you form an hemiacetale? (Lorenzo Tulipani https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622447 An hemiacetale is formed by a reaction between an aldeyde and an alcol ]]> 2018-01-16 09:27:17 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622447 Where is anomeric carbon in Aldo and ketosis? https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622476 The anomeric canon in the aldose is is in c1 position and in c2 in the ketose]]> 2018-01-16 09:27:25 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622476 7) marcogoretti44 https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622532 Describe the main characteristic of glucose? What is it know as dextrose?
Glucose contain six carbon atoms and an aldeyde group, form many disaccharides like maltose ana lactose.
 Is know dextrose because it rotates the polarized light to the right,
]]> 2018-01-16 09:27:37 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622532 https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622545 HOW IS GLUCOSE SYNTHESIZED? 
Alessia Lorecchio ]]> 2018-01-16 09:27:40 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622545 17) Alex Lorenzo Rotoloni https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622555 2018-01-16 09:27:42 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622555 12) What are disaccharides? How are they chemically bonded and what is the name of the link? Which are the main disaccharides https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622731 Disaccharides are chemical compounds of the family of carbohydrates, or sugars. A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides condense to each other, the former with the hemiacetal hydroxyl, the latter with any of its hydroxyls, elimination a water molecule. Chemically a disaccharide is an acetal, and the binding that is formed is an acetal bond, commonly caled O-glicosidic. The main disaccharides are sucrose, lactose and fructose.]]> 2018-01-16 09:28:20 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622731 9)Describe the main characteristic of glucose, what is it know as dextrose? marcogoretti44 https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622753 Glucose contain six carbon atoms and an aldeyde group, form many disaccharides like maltose and lactose. Is know dextrose because it rotates the polarized light to the right ]]> 2018-01-16 09:28:25 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622753 balducciroberta https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622921 5)what is haworth projection?what form exist?(Valerio)]]> 2018-01-16 09:29:11 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221622921 3)What is a monosaccharide? How many types of simple sugar do exist? Which are the main monosaccharides? https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221623182 A monosaccharide is the smallest carbohydrate molecule and are often called simple sugar.
Exist two types of simple sugar: aldose and ketose.
The main monosaccharides are: glucose, galactose, mannose and fructose. ]]> 2018-01-16 09:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221623182 6) What is the name of the two cyclic forms? marcogoretti44 https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221623520 The name of the two cyclic forms are:
- alfa-D-Glucopyranose.
- beta-D-Glucopyranose.]]> 2018-01-16 09:31:47 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221623520 8) WHAT IS THE MUTAROTATION? (Davide Gandolfo) https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221625419 The mutorotation is a equilibrium between two cyclic form of sugar (alpha and beta anomeres) and the linear forum.]]> 2018-01-16 09:38:41 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221625419 16) https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221625925 Descrive the structure of starch and the difference between amyloso and amylopctin

Amylose is a linear polymeric chain of glucose units with 1-4 glycosididic bonds
Amylopectin is another unit of starch molecule with 1-4 glycosidic bonds which is Also a polymer of glucose molecules, but have other 1-6 glycosidic bonds]]> 2018-01-16 09:40:31 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221625925 17) https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221640035 2018-01-16 10:36:39 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221640035 14) Describe the structure of sucrose, its link and how it is optained. https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221659151 Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked together by a Alfa-1,2-glicosidic bond. It is optained by a condensation reaction of the two simple sugars.]]> 2018-01-16 11:56:16 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/221659151 MARCO MASSETTI (risposta esatta) https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/224519099
Describe the main characteristics of galactose.

Galactose is a monosaccharide with the brute formula C6H12O6

It is important because it is present in lactose, an important disaccharide of milk, in which it is linked to glucose by a 1,4 glycosidic bond (through an oxygen bridge between the carbon atom 1 of galactose and the carbon atom 4 of glucose).
Galactose is equal to glucose in composition and structure, the only difference is in the position of -OH on C-4.
Galactose is naturally occurring as a component of many oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, pectins, gums and mucilages.



]]> 2018-01-25 05:52:59 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/224519099 describe the oxidation of glucose https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/225193994
18) Describe the oxidation of the glucose

The glucose contain many alcohol groups,so if we operate in proper conditions, this groups can be oxidized to aldehyde groups by oxidation reactions. 
 The aldehyde group of an acyclic sugar (when the chain is open) can be oxidized to  carboxylic acid to form a molecule called aldonic acid. (piruvic acid)
formula:



]]> 2018-01-26 18:58:33 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/225193994 12) What are disaccharides? How are they chemically bonded and what is the name of the link? Which are the main disaccharides? RISPOSTA CORRETTA https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/225756291 Disaccharides are chemical compounds of the family of carbohydrates, or sugars. A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides condense to each other, the former with the hemiacetal hydroxyl, the latter with any of its hydroxyls, elimination a water molecule. Chemically a disaccharide is an acetal, and the binding that is formed is an acetal bond, commonly caled O-glicosidic. The main disaccharides are sucrose, lactose and maltose.

]]> 2018-01-29 17:43:06 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/225756291 Valerio cecchini https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/225796153 N5          What is the haworth projection ?  How many cyclic form are there?  Wich is the difference between alfa and beta projection?


Haworth projection can be use to rapresent the cyclic form of monosaccharides.

There are a two cyclic form:

Alpha:  the oh will be pointing down.

Beta : the oh will be pointing up. 



]]> 2018-01-29 18:48:58 UTC https://padlet.com/balducciroberta/20nwu059q6zz/wish/225796153