Geoscience Vocabulary by Osmar Pacheco

Electrostatics

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 17:44:16 UTC

The study of electric charges at rest and the forces between them.

Charge

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 17:47:02 UTC

A property of matter that causes it to experience a force in an electric field; comes in two types : Positive and negative.

Coulomb (C)

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 17:48:52 UTC

The SI unit of electric charge.

Law of Conservation of Charge

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 17:51:54 UTC

Principle that states the total electric charge in an isolated system is constant. Charge is not created or destroyed. It is transferred.

Coulomb's Law

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 17:55:37 UTC

The law describing the electrostatic force between two charges, which states that force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Electric Field

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 17:58:08 UTC

A region around a charged particle where other charged particles experience a force.

Electric Field Lines

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 18:01:02 UTC

Imaginary lines used to represent the direction and strength of an electric field; lines points away from positive charges and toward negative charges.

Electroscope

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 18:02:13 UTC

A device used to detect electric charge

Conductor

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 18:04:22 UTC

A material that allows electrons to move freely, facilitating the flow of electric charge (e.g. metals)

Insulator

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 18:07:03 UTC

A material that does not easily allow electrons to flow through it, restricting the movement of electric charge (e.g., rubber, glass)

Charging by Induction

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-12 18:09:32 UTC

A method of charging an object without direct contact, by bringing a charged object near it to create seperation. Requires grounding.

Charging by Conduction

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:13:37 UTC

A method of charging an object by direct contact(touching), transferring charge from one object to another

Charging by Friction

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:17:26 UTC

A method of transferring charge by rubbing two objects together, resulting in one gaining electrons and becoming negatively charged, while the other loses electrons and becomes positively charged.

Grounding

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:21:14 UTC

The process of allowing excess charge to move from an object to the Earth, which can accept an unlimited amount of charge.

Electrostatic Force

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:27:03 UTC

The force exerted between charged objects, which can either be attractive or repulsive. Depends on both the charge of the objects (q) and the distance between them (r)

Static Electricity

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:29:13 UTC

The accumulation of excess electric charges on an object's surface.

Atom

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:31:33 UTC

The smallest unit of matter that retains the identity of an element; composed of protons, neutrona, and electrons.

Proton

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:33:42 UTC

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:34:51 UTC

A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:37:49 UTC

A neutral particle with no charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.

Nucleus of an Atom

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-13 01:40:21 UTC

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons, where most of the atom's mass is concentrated.

Wave

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-15 17:10:14 UTC

A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.

Medium

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-15 17:12:36 UTC

The material through which a wave travels (e.g., air, water, or a solid).

Transverse Waves

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-15 17:14:40 UTC

A wave in which particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction the wave travels.

Longitudinal Wave

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-15 17:16:56 UTC

A wave in which particles of the medium move parallel to the direction the was travels

Amplitude

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-15 17:19:15 UTC

The maximum distance a wave extends from its rest position, related to the wave's energy.

Wavelength

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-15 17:21:36 UTC

The distance between two consecutive points in phase on a wave, such as from crest to crest or trough to trough.

Frequency (f)

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-15 17:23:47 UTC

The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time, measured in Hertz (Hz).

Period (T)

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-15 17:25:36 UTC

The time taken for one complete cycle to pass a point. Equal to 1/f

Speed of a Wave (V)

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:04:37 UTC

The rate at which a wave travels through a medium, calculated as v=fx(symbol for wavelength

Crest

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:19:08 UTC

The highest point of a transverse wave.

Trough

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:24:44 UTC

The lowest point of a transverse wave

Compression

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:29:21 UTC

A region in a longitudinal wave where particles are closest together

Rarefaction

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:31:22 UTC

A region in a longitudinal wave where particles are spread apart.

Electromagnetic Wave

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:48:22 UTC

A wave that does not require a medium to travel; it consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, such as light or radio waves.

Mechanical Wave

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:49:50 UTC

A wave that requires a medium to travel, such as sound or water waves.

Reflection

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:51:37 UTC

The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface that it cannot pass through.

Refraction

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:52:40 UTC

The bending of a wave as it enters a medium at an angle, changing its speed.

Diffraction

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:54:28 UTC

The spreading out of waves when they pass through a narrow opening or around obstacles.

Interference

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 01:56:17 UTC

The phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium, resulting in a new wave pattern.

Constructive Interference

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 02:02:37 UTC

When two waves combine to form a wave with a larger amplitude.

Destructive Interference

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 02:07:05 UTC

When two waves combine to form a wave with a smaller amplitude or cancel each other out.

Standing Wave

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 02:09:22 UTC

A wave that appears to be stationary, formed by the interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions.

Doppler Effect

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 02:14:51 UTC

The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.

Resonance

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-16 02:21:48 UTC

The increase in amplitude that occurs when a periodic force is applied at the natural frequency of an object or system.

Radio Waves

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-19 17:45:23 UTC

Radio waves are used for Communication.

Microwaves

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-19 17:46:30 UTC

Microwaves are used for heating food.

Infrared (IR) Waves

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-19 17:48:12 UTC

Infrared Waves are used for thermal imaging.

Visible Light

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-19 17:49:54 UTC

Visible light is used in Technology (cameras, fiber optics, and lasers.)

Ultraviolet (uv) Rays

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-19 17:52:42 UTC

Ultraviolet rays are used for Forensics ( Detecting substances invisible to the naked eye.

X-Rays

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-19 17:54:27 UTC

X-Rays are used for Medicinal Imaging (Examining bones, teeth, and internal organs)

Gamma Rays

osmarpacheco — 2024-11-19 17:56:44 UTC

Gamma Rays are used for Astronomy (Studying high-energy cosmic phenomena like supernovas.)

Big Bang Theory

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:36:51 UTC

A scientific explanation from the origin of the universe, proposing it began as a single, extremely hot and dense point approximately 13.7 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:39:31 UTC

Radiation left over from the early stages of the universe, considered evidence of the Big Bang.

Singularity

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:41:20 UTC

A point in space-time where destiny and gravity become infinite, thought to be the starting point of the Big Bang.

Redshift

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:44:11 UTC

The lengthening of light waves as they move away from an observer, evidence that the universe is expanding.

Expansion

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:46:35 UTC

The ongoing increase in distance between galaxies in the universe since the Big Bang.

Galaxy

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:47:51 UTC

A massive system of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity.

Milky Way

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:51:24 UTC

The galaxy that contains our solar system.

Spiral Galaxies

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:51:54 UTC

A galaxy characterized by a flat, rotating disk with arms that spiral outward, like the Milky Way.

Elliptical Galaxy

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:55:53 UTC

A galaxy shaped like a sphere or elongated oval, with little gas and dust.

Irregular Galaxy

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:57:21 UTC

A galaxy that lacks a distinct shape or structure.

Gravity

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 16:58:57 UTC

The force that attracts objects with mass toward another, holding galaxies together.

Star

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:01:50 UTC

A luminous ball of gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, held together by gravity and powered by nuclear fusion.

Nuclear Fusion

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:03:33 UTC

The process where hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing energy in the core of a star.

Constellation

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:05:07 UTC

A group of stars that form a recognizable pattern in the sky.

Apparent Magnitude

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:06:32 UTC

How bright a star appears from Earth

Absolute Magnitude

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:08:11 UTC

The actual brightness of a star, independent of its distance from Earth.

Nebula

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:09:07 UTC

A cloud of gas and dust in space where stars are born.

Protostar

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:10:28 UTC

A young star still forming as gravity pulls together material from nebula.

Main Sequence Star

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:12:15 UTC

A star in the longest phase of its life cycle, where it burns hydrogen into helium in ts core.

Red Giant

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:14:25 UTC

A large, bright star that has exhausted the hydrogen in its score and expanded significantly.

White Dwarf

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:16:23 UTC

The hot, dense core left behind after a star like the Sun sheds its outer layers.

Supernova

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:18:26 UTC

A massive explosion marking the end of a large star's life cycle, often leaving behind a neutron star or black hole

Neutron Star

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:20:34 UTC

A small, incredibly dense star composed mostly of neutrons, formed after a supernova.

Black Hole

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:22:28 UTC

An object with gravity so strong that not even light can escape it, formed from the collapse of a massive star.

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (H-R Diagram)

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:25:12 UTC

A graph that plots stars according to their temperature and luminosity, showing the stages of stellar evolution.

Universe

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:26:16 UTC

The totality of all space, time, matter, and energy that exists.

Dark Matter

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-02 17:27:45 UTC

A type of matter that does not emit light or energy, detectable only through its gravitational effects

Dark Energy

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-03 00:59:04 UTC

A mysterious force causing the accelerated expansion of the universe.

Observable Universe

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-03 01:00:49 UTC

The part of the universe that we can see or detect, limited by the speed of light.

Light Year

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-03 01:04:26 UTC

The distance light travels in one year, about 9.46 trillion kilometers (5.88 trillion miles).

Exoplanet

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-03 01:07:47 UTC

A planet located outside our solar system.

Astronomical Unit (AU)

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-03 01:12:42 UTC

The average distance between Earth and the Sun, about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers)

Parallax

osmarpacheco — 2024-12-03 01:15:08 UTC

The apparent shift in position of a nearby star against the background of distant objects, used to measure its distance.

Mineral

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 16:47:38 UTC

A naturally occuring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a crystalline structure.

Inorganic

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 16:50:05 UTC

Refers to a substance not formed from living organisms or the remains of living things; a defining characteristic of minerals.

Crystal

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 16:52:34 UTC

A solid material whose atoms are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.

Luster

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 16:55:45 UTC

The way a mineral reflects light; can be metallic or non-metallic (e.g., virteous, pearly, dull)

Hardness

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 16:57:23 UTC

A mineral's resistance to being scratched, measured by the Mohs Hardness Scale.

Mohs Hardness Scale

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 16:58:52 UTC

A scale ranking minerals 1(talc) to 10(diamond) based on their ability to scratch one another.

Cleavage

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:00:35 UTC

The tendency of a mineral to break along flat, even surfaces determined by its crystal structure.

Fracture

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:02:32 UTC

The way a mineral breaks apart in an irregular or uneven manner, not along cleavage planes.

Streak

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:03:50 UTC

The color of a mineral's powder, typically tested by rubbing the mineral on a streak plate.

Streak Plate

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:05:13 UTC

A piece of unglazed porcelain used to determine the streak color of a mineral.

Specific Gravity

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:07:31 UTC

The ratio of a mineral's density compared to the density of water.

Transparency

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:09:14 UTC

The degree to which light can pass through a mineral; classified as transparent , translucent, or opaque.

Tenacity

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:11:55 UTC

A mineral's resistance to breaking, bending, cutting, or deforming; terms include brittle, malleable, and elastic.

Habit

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:13:06 UTC

The common or characteristic shape of a crystal or mineral aggregate.

Native Elements

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:15:35 UTC

Minerals composed of a single element, such as gold, silver, or copper.

Gem

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:17:23 UTC

A precious or semi-precious mineral that has been cut and polished for use in jewelry or decoration, valued for its rarity, beauty, and durability.

Mineralogy

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:18:50 UTC

The branch of geology that studies minerals, their properties, formation, and distribution.

Reactivity

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:20:31 UTC

A mineral's tendency to chemically react with substances, such as acid testing for calcite.

Polymorphs

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:22:10 UTC

Minerals with the same chemical composition but different structures, such as diamond and graphite.

Geode

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:23:14 UTC

A hollow rock lined with mineral crystals formed from groundwater deposits.

Ore

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:24:29 UTC

A mineral deposit that contains a valuable substance that can be mined profitably.

Flourescence

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:25:54 UTC

The ability of a mineral to glow under ultraviolet(UV) light.

Magnetism

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 17:26:57 UTC

A property of minerals like magnetite, Which can attract a magnet.

Piezoelectricity

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 22:54:13 UTC

The ability of certain minerals to generate an electrical charge under mechanical stress.

Mineral Deposit

osmarpacheco — 2025-01-10 22:55:48 UTC

A concentration of minerals in the Earth's crust that is economically viable for extraction.

Earthquake

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 15:43:21 UTC

A sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by movement along faults in Earth's crust.

Seismic Waves

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 15:45:27 UTC

Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released by an earthquake.

Fault

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 15:48:01 UTC

A break in the Earth's crust where rocks have moved past each other.

Focus (Hypocenter)

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 15:51:07 UTC

The exact point beneath Earth's surface where an earthquake originates.

Epicenter

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 15:53:42 UTC

The point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus.

Tectonic Plates

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 15:56:11 UTC

Large sections of Earth's lithosphere that move over the asthenosphere.

Plate Boundaries

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 15:58:16 UTC

The edges where two tectonic plates meet; Classified as divergent, convergent, or transform.

Convergent Boundary

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:01:43 UTC

A plate boundary where two plates collide often causing mountain formation or subduction.

Divergent Boundary

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:03:33 UTC

A plate boundary where two plates move apart, often creating new crust.

Transform Boundary

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:04:54 UTC

A plate boundary where two plates slide past each other horizontally.

Subduction Zone

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:05:51 UTC

A region where one tectonic plate is forced under another into the mantle.

Richter Scale

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:10:25 UTC

A logarithmic scale used to measure earthquake magnitude.

Moment Magnitude Scale (MW)

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:12:57 UTC

A modern scale that measures the total energy released by an earthquake.

Mercalli Scale

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:18:03 UTC

A scale that measures earthquake intensity based on observed damage.

Aftershock

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:19:53 UTC

A smaller earthquake that follows the main event

Foreshock

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:22:45 UTC

A smaller earthquake that occurs before a major earthquake

Tsunami

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:24:53 UTC

A large sea wave caused by underwater seismic activity

Liquefaction

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-10 16:26:55 UTC

The process where saturated soil temporarily loses its strength due to shaking.

Seismograph

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:03:52 UTC

An instrument that records seismic waves

Seismogram

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:06:54 UTC

The recorded data from a seismograph

Fault Creep

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:12:19 UTC

The slow, gradual movement along a fault without causing noticeable earthquakes.

Elastic Rebound Theory

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:16:02 UTC

The concept that stress builds up in rocks until they suddenly break, causing an earthquake.

P-Waves (Primary Waves)

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:17:40 UTC

Fast-moving, compressional seismic waves that travel through solids and liquids.

S-Waves (Secondary Waves)

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:19:56 UTC

Slower seismic waves that move perpendicular to the direction of travel and only through solids.

Surface Waves

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:22:15 UTC

Seismic waves that travel along Earth's surface, causing the most destruction.

Shadow Zone

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:24:44 UTC

A region where seismic waves from an earthquake are not detected due to wave refraction.

Seismic Hazard

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:26:59 UTC

The probability of earthquake-related damage in a specific area.

Building Retrofitting

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:29:30 UTC

Strengthening structures to withstand earthquakes.

Earthquake Early Warning System

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:32:12 UTC

A network of seismometers that detects and earthquake's initial waves to provide warnings.

Ring Of Fire

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-11 03:34:17 UTC

A region around the Pacific Ocean known for frequent earthquakes and volcanoes.

Atmosphere

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:35:31 UTC

The layer of gases surrounding Earth, held by gravity.

Air Pressure

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:37:44 UTC

The force exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere.

Altitude

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:40:17 UTC

The height above Earth's surface, measured from sea level.

Temperature Gradient

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:42:12 UTC

The rate at which temperature changes with altitude.

Greenhouse Effect

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:43:33 UTC

The trapping of heat in Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases.

Nitrogen

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:44:53 UTC

A gas that makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere and is essential for plant growth.

Oxygen

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:46:00 UTC

A gas that makes up 21% of Earth's atmosphere and is essential for respiration.

Argon

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:47:35 UTC

A noble gas that makes up about 1% of Earth's atmosphere.

Carbon Dioxide

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:50:10 UTC

A greenhouse gas that plays a key role in Earth's climate and photosynthesis.

Water Vapor

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:51:21 UTC

The gaseous form of water, important for weather and the greenhouse effect.

Ozone

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:52:58 UTC

A molecule that absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the stratosphere.

Troposphere

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:54:14 UTC

The lowest atmospheric layer, where weather occurs and most air mass is found.

Stratosphere

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:56:26 UTC

The second atmospheric layer, containing the ozone layer and stable air currents.

Mesosphere

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:57:55 UTC

The middle layer of the atmosphere, where meteors burn up.

Thermosphere

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 15:59:37 UTC

A very hot layer where the auroras occur and the International Space Station orbits.

Exosphere

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:02:00 UTC

The outermost layer of the atmosphere, gradually fading into space.

Weather

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:03:41 UTC

The short-term atmospheric conditions including temperature, humidity, and precipitation.

Climate

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:05:45 UTC

The long-term patterns of weather in a region over decades.

Humidity

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:07:07 UTC

The amount of water vapor in the air, affecting how hot or cold it feels.

Cloud Formation

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:08:12 UTC

The process of water vapor condensing into tiny droplets to form clouds.

Precipitation

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:09:58 UTC

Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere, including rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Wind

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:11:44 UTC

The movement of air caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure.

Coriolis Effect

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:12:58 UTC

The deflection of moving air and water due to Earth's rotation.

Jet Stream

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:14:47 UTC

A high-altitude, fast-moving air current that influences weather patterns.

Solar Radiation

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:16:43 UTC

Energy from the Sun that heats Earth's atmosphere and surface

Infrared Radiation

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:18:07 UTC

Heat energy emitted by Earth as it absorbs and re-emits solar energy.

Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:19:49 UTC

High energy radiation from the Sun that can cause sunburn and skin cancer.

Conduction

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:21:26 UTC

The Transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.

Radiation

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:24:07 UTC

The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as heat from the Sun.

Air Pollution

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:25:32 UTC

Harmful substances released into the air, including smog and industrial emissions.

Smog

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:27:15 UTC

A type of air pollution caused by the interaction of sunlight with pollutants like vehicle emissions.

Ozone Depletion

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:28:26 UTC

The reduction of ozone in the Stratosphere due to chemicals like CFCs.

Greenhouse Gases

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:29:43 UTC

Gases such as CO2, methane, and water vapor that trap heat in Earth's Atmosphere.

Global Warming

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:30:40 UTC

The increase in Earth's average temperature due to excess greenhouse gases.

Acid Rain

osmarpacheco — 2025-03-19 16:32:23 UTC

Precipitation with high levels of acidic pollutants that harm ecosystems and structures.

Weather

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 15:48:57 UTC

The daily condition of the atmosphere (temperature, precipitation, etc)

Climate

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 15:50:03 UTC

The average weather conditions, over many years.

Atmosphere

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 15:51:12 UTC

A blanket of Gases surrounding Earth where weather happens.

Air Mass

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 15:52:55 UTC

A large body of air with the same temperature and humidity.

Continental Polar (CP)

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 15:54:47 UTC

Cold, dry air formed overland in cold regions

Maritime Polar (MP)

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 15:57:11 UTC

Cool, moist air formed over cold ocean water.

Continental Tropical (CT)

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 15:59:37 UTC

Hot, dry air formed over deserts.

Maritime Tropical (MT)

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:01:01 UTC

Warm, humid air from tropical oceans.

Front

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:02:59 UTC

Where two air masses meet and weather often changes.

Cold-Front

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:05:14 UTC

A fast-moving cold air mass pushes under warm air.

Warm Front

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:06:26 UTC

A warm air mass moves over cold air mass.

Stationary Front

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:08:17 UTC

A front that doesn't move much.

Occluded Front

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:09:54 UTC

A cold front catches up to a warm front

High Pressure System

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:11:23 UTC

Air is sinking; Usually brings clear skies

Low Pressure System

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:12:47 UTC

Air is rising; Usually brings clouds and storms.

Jet Stream

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:14:02 UTC

A high-speed band of wind in the upper atmosphere.

Prevailing Winds

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:15:55 UTC

Winds that blow mainly in one direction in region.

Coriolis Effect

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:17:17 UTC

The way Earth's rotation causes moving air to curve.

Humidity

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:18:15 UTC

The amount of water vapor in the air

Dew Point

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:19:22 UTC

The temperature when air becomes full of moisture.

Barometer

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:20:52 UTC

Measures air pressure

Anemometer

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:21:41 UTC

Measures wind speed.

Hygrometer

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:22:55 UTC

Measures humidity in the air.

Climate Zone

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:23:40 UTC

A region with similar Climate Patterns.

Climate Change

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:25:02 UTC

Long-term changes in temperature, weather, and sea levels caused by human and natural activity.

Cumulus Cloud

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:26:32 UTC

Fluffy, White clouds with flat bottoms-fair weather clouds.

Stratus Clouds

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:28:05 UTC

Low, gray clouds that cover the sky-bring drizzle or light rain.

Cirrus Clouds

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:29:31 UTC

Thin, Wispy clouds high in the sky-made of nice crystals.

Cumulonimbus clouds

osmarpacheco — 2025-04-02 16:30:50 UTC

Tall, towering storm clouds-bring thunder, lightning, and heavy rain.