a bacterial infection caused by Vibrio Cholerae

transmission primarily due to inadequate access to clean water and sanitation facilities

primary symptoms consist of severe diarrhea and dehydration

viral respiratory illness caused by SARS CoV-2

transmission primarily due to respiratory droplets

primary symptoms consist of fever, cough, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell

has higher rate of transmission compared to cholera

ports were already closed the year before the first case in the Philippines

deployment of civilian and military troops

mobilization of civilian and military personnel

sent residents of Farola to detention camp

quarantine measures that were proven to be ineffective

military offensives that focuses on disinfection, isolation, and treatment

Following initial COVID-19 cases and deaths, the government implemented contact tracing and enforced further travel restrictions, including a mandatory 14-day quarantine and testing for individuals arriving from banned countries.

After the Department of Health reported the first case of local transmission of the virus, President Rodrigo Duterte announced the suspension of classes in all levels in the National Capital Region. Following this statement, other municipalities and private institutions also declared class suspensions from March 9 to 11 or 14. 

Enhanced Community Quarantine was described as instruction to government agencies to ensure:

1. prohibition of public gatherings and implementation of home quarantine for all household

2. executive branch will implement a work from home policy

3. only essential businesses will be allowed to open and operate

4. mass public transport will be suspended

5. travel by land, air, and sea will be restricted

6. development of programs to assist affected businesses and workers

Lastly, the then Presidential spokesperson, Panelo, clarified that the directive is not a total lockdown since marketplaces and essential businesses would remain open to ensure adequate food supply. 

Due to different care given and environment available, the hospital only increased inequalities in care based on social class and race

The Board of health initially mandated that cadavers must be placed in airtight metal caskets. Eventually, burial in simple wooden coffins placed in lime-filled graves were allowed.

This government order mandates the burning of "infected" nipa houses and disinfecting wooden houses in affected areas

The pandemic was primarily handled by American authorities and health care workers

The United States, in collaboration with the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), is providing Php14.8 million ($300,000) worth of regionally-produced personal protective equipment (PPE) to the Philippine General Hospital and COVID-19 treatment facilities in the Philippines.

The World Health Organization (WHO) sent $3.1 million worth of personal protective equipment (PPEs), including 230,900 gowns, 405,000 KN95 masks, 187,800 face shields, 159,540 goggles, 489,000 pairs of gloves, and 1,600,000 surgical masks.

China donated P2 million worth of Sinovac vaccines in March 2021

United States of America donated over 1.6 million doses of Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen vaccine in July 2021

Mandatory social distancing and use of face mask and face shield

This act established the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act, declaring a national health emergency throughout the Philippines as a result of the COVID-19 situation.

An Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) was enforced in high-risk geographical locations from May 1 to May 15, 2020. The remainder of the nation was put under a General Community Quarantine (GCQ) to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and avoid overwhelming the healthcare system. Under the GCQ standards, restrictions remain on people's mobility, public transit, and the functioning of some companies. 

Pangasinan, Region 2 (Cagayan Valley), Region 3 (Central Luzon), Region 4-A (CALABARZON), National Capital Region (NCR) including Pateros, Region 7 (Central Visayas) including Mandaue City and Cebu City, and Mindanao: Zamboanga City and Davao City have been placed under General Community Quarantine in June 1 - 15, 2020

The Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine (MECQ) serves as a transitional phase between (ECQ) and (GCQ). During this phase, many quarantine restrictions are eased, although the public is still advised to remain inside

Quarantine classifications were adjusted based on COVID 19 epidemiologic in different regions, with gradual easing of restrictions in areas with lower transmission rates

The Department of Education (DepEd) mandated the use of blended and remote learning programs as educational methods as face to face classes are still prohibited. DepEd promptly developed a learning continuity plan with several learning platforms to address challenges and concerns in the teaching and learning process.

The Philippines initiated its countrywide vaccination campaign against COVID-19 on March 1, 2021, aiming to vaccinate seventy million of its residents by December 2021.

vaccination campaigns continued, aiming to achieve herd immunity.

Face masks become optional in indoor and outdoor settings, except in healthcare institutions, medical transport vehicles, and public transportation by land, air, or sea. Additionally, masks are recommended for the elderly, those with comorbidities, immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, unvaccinated individuals, and sick individuals. 

A ship carrying cholera landed in Manila from Hong Kong in March of 1902. 

The first cholera cases were found soon after the aforementioned vessel arrived in Manila, despite extensive quarantine checks and limitations on incoming boats.

The first cholera cases were found in the Farola neighborhood, which is close to the Pasig River's mouth.

Immediately after that, a global epidemic continued to wreak havoc in the Philippines until February 1904, with an estimated 4,389 fatalities occurring in Manila alone.

The first COVID-19 case was reported in Manila, Philippines, in January 2020. 

In a case study, two Chinese citizens left their home in Wuhan, China and traveled to the Philippines. From January 20 to 25, both of them began to experience fever, coughing, and sore throat symptoms.

One of those affected passed away from COVID-19 in February 2020, which was the first COVID-19 death outside of China.

In the town of Bauan, the first verified case of cholera infection in Batangas was discovered on May 24.

The outbreak had an extensive effect on the death rates in Laguna, Batangas, and the nearby province of Tayabas by mid-June, even though numerous instances went unreported.

The death toll in Batangas alone was 20,000; these deaths were almost certainly caused by the disheartening and weakening effects of war.

2,340 of the 3,093 individuals who had been affected by the disease would pass away, for an astounding 75% fatality rate, by September 1st.

As of March 9, 2020, 10 COVID-19 cases have been verified in the Philippines, with 1 fatality reported on February 1, 2020.

As of April 1, 2020, there were 2,311 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 96 fatalities. 

As of May 1, 2020, there were 8,772 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 579 fatalities.

For the goal of isolation, cholera patients and contacts were handled by nine hospitals and two prison camps.

However, it was insufficient to hold all of the cholera patients.

Despite being bigger than expected with approximately 2,000 citizens, the San Lazaro detention camp had a shortage of the necessary amenities for caring for the people inside.

The infection could be monitored across several facilities.

Every practical step was done to eradicate the virus and stop it from spreading.

However, cholera medication was occasionally hazardous and generally worthless.

Healthcare professionals rely on benzozone, a medication that's been linked to a high death rate, but instead of helping patients' health, it made them more ill.

There were more than forty beds full of individuals who were in a critical state, and additional patients in wheelchairs crowded the corridor.

People pleading for their family members to be accommodated had to be turned away by medical personnel.

57 patients had to be housed in a 50-bed COVID emergency ward.

A 12-hour shift uncovers 13 fatalities.

4–6 fatalities on average each shift

The cholera patients received experimental medical treatments from American doctors, indicating that neither scientific study nor a scientific foundation supported their treatment strategies.

Instead of depending on a scientific and structural foundation for medical treatment, they were depending on the hope that a medication would eradicate the cholera.

Patients with cholera who lived in homes built with nipa-palm materials had to burn their homes down to eliminate the disease's germs.

Ultimately, the impoverished were unable to replace their homes because they lacked the resources to do so.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippines' lack of access to high-quality healthcare services got worse.

In response to the COVID 19 pandemic, the Philippine government has neglected to provide the necessary tools and resources.

According to a University of the Philippines, the main obstacles to the Philippine response to COVID-19 were a shortage of critical care beds and medical personnel, particularly nurses and physicians.

When the pandemic first erupted, the Philippines' healthcare system was already suffering from an insufficient supply of personal protective equipment (PPE), which reportedly led to the deaths of medical personnel

It was only after that the government spent 1.8 billion on PPEs.