Concept Map- HIV AIDS & Immune System by JAHNAVI SACHDEVA https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg en-us 2025-04-13 02:55:02 UTC 2025-04-13 09:33:25 UTC hello@padlet.com HIV Transmission and Entry jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407524003 2025-04-13 08:00:25 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407524003 Transmission routes jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407525442 2025-04-13 08:02:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407525442 Target Cells jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407525713 2025-04-13 08:02:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407525713 Viral Entry Mechanism jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407525794 2025-04-13 08:03:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407525794 Blood jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407526718 2025-04-13 08:04:49 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407526718 Sexual Transmission jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407526782 2025-04-13 08:05:00 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407526782 Perinatal Transmission jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407526826 2025-04-13 08:05:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407526826 CD4+ T-cells (primary) jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407527360 2025-04-13 08:06:47 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407527360 Macrophages jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407527410 2025-04-13 08:06:55 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407527410 Dendritic Cells jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407527476 2025-04-13 08:07:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407527476 jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407528197 gp120 on HIV binds to CD4 receptor and chemokine receptor.

]]> 2025-04-13 08:09:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407528197 jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407528434 gp41 facilitates membrane fusion and viral RNA entry into host cell.

]]> 2025-04-13 08:09:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407528434 Viral Replication jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407528933 2025-04-13 08:11:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407528933 1) Reverse Transcription jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407531899 HIV RNA → DNA (by reverse transcriptase)

]]> 2025-04-13 08:19:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407531899 2) Integration jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407532939 Viral DNA integrates into host genome (via integrase)

]]> 2025-04-13 08:21:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407532939 3) Viral Protein Synthesis jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407533894 Transcription → Translation → Assembly of viral proteins

]]> 2025-04-13 08:24:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407533894 4) Budding & Maturation jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407534710 New virions bud from host membrane, mature via protease enzyme

]]> 2025-04-13 08:25:23 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407534710 Destruction of CD4+ T Cells jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407540012 2025-04-13 08:37:58 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407540012 Immune Dysfunction & Dysregulation jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407540286 2025-04-13 08:38:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407540286 Mechanisms of Depletion jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407541659

  • Direct lysis of infected CD4+ T cells.

  • Apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells.

  • Cytotoxic T cell-mediated killing.

  • Syncytium formation leading to cell death.

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 08:42:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407541659     CD4+ Count Decline jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407542020

  • Normal: 600–1200 cells/mm³.

  • AIDS threshold: <200 cells/mm³.

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 08:43:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407542020     CD4+ T Cells jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543133

  • ↓ Cytokine production (e.g., IL-2).

  • ↓ Activation of CD8+ T cells and B cells.

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 08:45:39 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543133     CD8+ T Cells jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543257 ↓ Cytotoxic response

    ]]>     2025-04-13 08:46:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543257     B Cells jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543474 ↓ Antibody production & class switching

    ]]>     2025-04-13 08:46:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543474     Macrophages jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543651 ↓ Phagocytosis & antigen presentation

    ]]>     2025-04-13 08:46:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543651     Dendritic Cells jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543755 ↓ Migration and activation

    ]]>     2025-04-13 08:47:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407543755     Evasion of Immune Mechanisms jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407547441 2025-04-13 08:55:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407547441 Latency jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407547871 HIV remains dormant in memory CD4+ T cells

    ]]>     2025-04-13 08:56:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407547871     High Mutation Rate jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407548252 Antigenic variation in envelope proteins (gp120)

    ]]>     2025-04-13 08:57:36 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407548252     Downregulation of MHC-I jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407548488 Reduces recognition by CD8+ T cells

    ]]>     2025-04-13 08:58:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407548488     Destruction of immune surveillance cells jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407548684 CD4+, macrophages

    ]]>     2025-04-13 08:58:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407548684     AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407549598

  • CD4+ < 200 cells/mm³

  • high viral load

  • opportunistic infections and cancers

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 09:00:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407549598     Asymptomatic Phase jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407550855 can last 8–10 years

    ]]>     2025-04-13 09:03:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407550855     Symptomatic Phase jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407551139 Frequent infections, fatigue, lymphadenopathy

    ]]>     2025-04-13 09:03:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407551139     Opportunistic Infections jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407551826

  • Protozoal: Cryptosporidiosis, Toxoplasmosis.

  • Fungal: Candidiasis, Histoplasmosis.

  • Bacterial: TB, Mycobacterium avium.

  • Viral: Herpes simplex, CMV, Varicella-zoster.

  • Neoplasms: Kaposi’s sarcoma, B-cell lymphomas.

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 09:05:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407551826     Systemic Effects on different body systems jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407554173

  • Neurological: Meningitis, Encephalitis, AIDS dementia.

  • Oral: Herpes labialis, Thrush.

  • Respiratory: Pneumonia.

  • Lymph Node System: Lymphadenopathy

  • Gastrointestinal: Malabsorption, Colitis, Procolitis.

  • Skin: Dermatitis, Folliculitis, Impetigo.

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 09:10:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407554173     Immune System jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407554819 2025-04-13 09:12:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407554819 Innate Immunity jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407556054 2025-04-13 09:14:58 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407556054 Acquired Immunity jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407556215 2025-04-13 09:15:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407556215 Treatment and Immune Restoration jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407558811 2025-04-13 09:20:12 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407558811 HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407559105

  • Includes reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors.

  • ↓ Viral replication, ↑ CD4+ T cell count.

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 09:20:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407559105     Prevention jahnavi2327 https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407559841

  • PrEP (e.g., tenofovir + emtricitabine).

  • Safe sex, needle exchange programs, screening of blood.

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 09:22:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jahnavi2327/1zk75ns7wairmbxg/wish/3407559841