Health Psychology of Chronic Illness - Obesity by https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0 Alexandria Halsall en-us 2019-09-30 19:44:52 UTC 2023-03-03 07:50:59 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f35f.png The NHS UK describes a chronic condition as a long term health condition requiring ongoing management over a period of years or decades. It is one that cannot be cured but can be controlled with various medications and therapies. n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/391875903 2019-10-01 13:49:37 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/391875903 Should we officially recognise obesity as a disease? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/392935292 The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2007).

This article highlights how certain regions have already classified obesity as a chronic disease, such as Portugal, Scotland, America and Canada.

It also highlights how for the correct proactive prevention and treatment plans to be implemented by individuals and the wider culture, it is critical obesity is classified as a disease for the appropriate change to occur.]]> 2019-10-03 11:37:29 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/392935292 Should obesity be recognised as a disease? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/392941765 BMJ (2019).

Interesting description of the 'cafeteria diet' experiments held on animals, showcasing the effects modern food can have on healthcare and behaviour.]]> 2019-10-03 11:54:03 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/392941765 NHS listing of features and serious health problems associated with obesity. n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/396994317 Most noticeably: back and joint pain, numerous chronic conditions like type II diabetes and a reduced life expectancy by 3-10 years, depending on severity.]]> 2019-10-12 14:58:54 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/396994317 Understanding the complexity of biopsychosocial factors in the public health epidemic of overweight and obesity n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/396995962 Rosenbaum & White (2016).

Marks’ (2015) Homeostatic Theory of Obesity helps understand the condition. Features of the theory include: social complexities (food production/distribution), behavioural factors (physical activity/consumption) and psychological factors (attachment, sense of cohesion, eudaimonic wellbeing, income, and negative affect). 

This is known as a “Circle of Discontent".

This article critiques Marks (2015) research, suggesting other explanations for obesity such as socioeconomic factors.]]> 2019-10-12 15:11:23 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/396995962 ‘Just Bloody Fat!’: A Qualitative Study of Body Image, Self-Esteem and Coping in Obese Adults n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397113881 Thomas et al. (2012).

This IPA study marks the negative factors obese males and females face in adapting to obesity surrounding poor self-esteem and body image. It also explores the coping strategies of this, commonly being self-isolation and alternatively, finding humour in their situation.

It was noted that females put more blame on themselves while males often attributed the weight gain to external explanations such as providing for their families (working long hours).]]> 2019-10-13 14:14:56 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397113881 The Role of the Fatosphere in Fat Adults’ Responses to Obesity Stigma: A Model of Empowerment Without a Focus on Weight Loss n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397115960 Dickens et al. (2011).

Here the  fat-acceptance movement is explored as an adaption to proactively protecting patients from weight-based stigma before it occurs. ]]> 2019-10-13 14:29:59 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397115960 Adolescent Obesity, Overt and Relational Peer Victimization, and Romantic Relationships n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397493122 Pearce, Boergers & Prinstei (2012).

For adolescent girls, there was a significantly higher rate of peer relational victimisation for those who are obese in compared to average-rate. 

Obese girls and boys both less likely to form romantic relationships and are less satisfied with their dating status in comparison to peers.]]> 2019-10-14 16:00:01 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397493122 Obesity stigmatization and coping: Relation to mental health symptoms, body image, and self- esteem n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397509446 Myers & Rosen (1999).

This article reports the negative comments people with obesity face in stigmatising situations, with the most common being comments from children. 

It also reports common self-coping mechanisms, with the most frequent being positive self-talk.]]> 2019-10-14 16:29:15 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397509446 Obesity and Sexual Quality of Life n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397530775 Kolotkin et al. (2012).

Quality of sexual life is decreased as BMI rises, with women more strongly affected. ]]> 2019-10-14 17:11:15 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/397530775 Oxidative stress and potential interventions to reduce oxidative stress in overweight and obesity n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/400232930 Vincent, Innes & Vincent (2007).

Discusses the classic obesity interventions such as acute exercise, fat volume reduction via surgery, pharmacological agents, and dietary modification.

This fails to take into account biopsychosocial factors impacting the success of treatment plans such as mental wellbeing or socioeconomic status and access to lifestyle changes.]]> 2019-10-21 11:48:42 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/400232930 Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/400985176 Torres & Nowson (2007).

More common in men, this study correlated weight gain and higher BMI's with chronic life stress.]]> 2019-10-22 16:40:35 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/400985176 Stress in obesity: Cause or consequence? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/400987805 Foss & Dyrsrad (2011).

This paper explores the positive feedback interaction between weight gain and stress, as a result of the increased cortisol levels. Suggesting the hypothesis that stress is both a consequence and cause of obesity.]]> 2019-10-22 16:44:09 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/400987805 Effects of Chronic Social Stress on Obesity n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402874550 Scott, Melhorn & Sakai (2012).

This paper initially discusses John Speakman's hypothesis as reason to why obesity is rising. This explains that maladaptive 'obesity genes' have increased throughout populations due to genetic drift occurring in modern society as humans are less vulnerable to predators; meaning obesity no longer acts as an immediate threat which requires weeding out of the gene pool (2007).

*Refer back to for a detailed biological explanation for the stress pathway and how this effects metabolic dysfunction.

Conclusions drawn are that obesity is increased due to:
1. Modern environment - Modern lifestyle being sedentary and having easy access to nutrient-dense foods
2. PsychoSocial relations - Chronic social stress i.e. from unemployment stress associated with obesity and chronic illnesses due to the biological stress pathway overactivation.
3. BioPsychological - Chronic stress altering food preference and dietary intake. Different for individuals however some stressors encourage 'comfort-food' intake which activates the brain's reward pathway similar to that observed in drug-addiction.]]> 2019-10-26 13:00:52 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402874550 Assessment of emotional, externally induced and restrained eating behaviour in nine to twelve-year-old obese and non-obese children n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402887832 Braet & Strien (1997).]]> 2019-10-26 14:56:50 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402887832 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402888425 2019-10-26 15:01:41 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402888425 Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402888661 Manna & Jain (2015).

Oxidative stress seems to be the linking factor between obesity and its associated chronic conditions.]]> 2019-10-26 15:04:05 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402888661 The impact of obesity on quality of life n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402889453 Taylor et al. (2013).

Mental illness e.g. anxiety and overall quality of life are negatively impacted through obesity. Having a psychiatric illness can in turn prevent successful weight loss programmes and hence this produces a vicious cycle of poor quality of life.]]> 2019-10-26 15:10:53 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402889453 Effect of T'ai Chi Exercise on Biochemical Profiles and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402890947 Chen et al. (2010).

Practising T'ai Chi had benefits for BMI in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes, whilst conventional exercise had no effect.]]> 2019-10-26 15:24:33 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402890947 Mindfulness Intervention for Stress Eating toReduce Cortisol and Abdominal Fat among Overweight and Obese Women: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Study n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402891335  Daubenmier et al. (2011).

A mindfulness for stress eating programme saw improvements in  , anxiety, and external-based eating compared to control participants.]]> 2019-10-26 15:28:02 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/402891335 Coping with weight stigma: development and validation of a Brief Coping Responses Inventory n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403301204 Hayward, Vartanian and Pinkus (2017).

This paper creates a new brief scale to replace the lengthy 99 item Coping Responses Inventory (CRI) with a shorter scale to address weight stigma through 2 coping mechanisms: reappraisal and maladaptive. ]]> 2019-10-28 13:26:50 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403301204 Coping mechanisms for specific obese populations: n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403320603 Mentally ill patients:

Pregnant women: 

Children:
]]> 2019-10-28 13:54:20 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403320603 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403405804 Ability to cope and strategy of coping largely depends on the individuals willingness to change. This drastically varies between individuals. With the incline in medical advancements, we are increasingly seeing people attempt to resolve their weight issues through bariatric surgeries and medical interventions rather than the traditional route of a better diet and increased exercise. ]]> 2019-10-28 15:52:01 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403405804 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403408218 Here you can see the comorbidities obesity can bring to an individual and the likelihood of resolving these issues once weight has been reduced.]]> 2019-10-28 15:55:50 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403408218 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403412071 How chronic stress can increase obesity]]> 2019-10-28 16:01:05 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403412071 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403417375 2019-10-28 16:08:13 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/403417375 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412179832 This documentary discusses the 'body positive' community, highlighting views of acceptance and giving voice to certain 'toxic' viewpoints which decide size of body is not an indicator of health. Actually stating against scientific evidence that certain comorbidities like Type II diabetes are not caused by being overweight.

This raises problems for interventions as the community are discouraging healthy lifestyle changes. This body positivity movement is particularly strong for young females online, meaning social media may not contribute positively to a healthy lifestyle change for obese patients.

Conversation also discusses the  glorifying of obesity and it's impact on modern culture. In particular, the famously controversial Cosmopolitan magazine cover boasting Tess Holiday, a plus sized obese model. On one hand this cover has been praised for encouraging body positivity, though on the other, shamed for promoting obesity.]]> 2019-11-16 11:46:37 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412179832 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412180833 2019-11-16 11:57:05 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412180833 Psychological interventions for adults who are overweight or obese n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412183162 Brennan et al. (2018).

Data withdrawn?]]> 2019-11-16 12:22:39 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412183162 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412184778 Heavier individuals are also at increased risk of discrimination in employment, health care, education, the media, and in interpersonal relationships (Puhl 2003).]]> 2019-11-16 12:42:21 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412184778 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412185129 2019-11-16 12:46:56 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412185129 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412185332
  • Education for health in schools
  • Unhealthy school lunches?
  • Policy changes for consumerism
  • Overweight parent and child correlation
    • ]]>     2019-11-16 12:49:27 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412185332     n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412186507 Should we 'stop sugarcoating' childhood obesity campaigns?

    https://abcnews.go.com/Health/Wellness/stop-sugarcoating-child-obesity-ads-draw-controversy/story?id=15273638

    ]]>     2019-11-16 13:01:45 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412186507     n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412187491 Are junk food advertisements partly responsible for childhood obesity?]]> 2019-11-16 13:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/412187491 Older version of above paper. n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413948475 Tells us that when in combination, behavioural therapy and diet/exercise approaches work best in weight reduction treatment.

    Since this paper however (2004), there have been many advances in psychological interventions - CBT in particular.]]>     2019-11-20 13:01:42 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413948475     Cognitive‐behavioral treatment of obese binge eaters n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413952732 Smith, Marcus & Kaye (1992)

    CBT in obese binge eaters can help reduce bulimic episodes and improve mood.

    However did this actually effect weight loss?]]>     2019-11-20 13:09:54 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413952732     Defines binge eating disorder (BED), describes symptoms and the connection with obesity n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413959215 2019-11-20 13:21:20 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413959215 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413961005 2019-11-20 13:24:44 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413961005 The Effectiveness of Cognitive Self‐Management as an Adjunct to a Behavioural Intervention for Childhood Obesity: a Research Note n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413961201 Duffy & Spence (1993).

    Behavioural management plus relaxation placebo or a combined behavioural‐cognitive self‐management approach both had same significant results in weight decrease in 7-13 year olds over a short term period (3/6mth follow ups).]]>     2019-11-20 13:25:03 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413961201     n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413967227 2019-11-20 13:35:07 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/413967227 Diet change: n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/416104660 Social factors - habits of family/friends, ease of lifestyle to change (e.g. office job making routine eating harder to break)

    Emotional factors - Reasons for current diet change may be emotional (e.g. binge eating disorder)

    Cultural factors - Some diets may be embedded in particular cultures, making diet change more difficult. For instance, Indian diets are mostly vegetarian and promote good sources of vegetables and protein, however a British diet is typically very high fat and meat centric

    Cognitive factors - Knowledge on how to actually change, how easy do the obese adults think this will be?

    Perceived symptoms - Many adults who are yet to experience comorbidities of obesity may be more likely to not notice a problem and continue their current lifestyle. Evident from the BBC documentary 'Who are you calling fat?', many people do not believe the correlation between weight and health.

    Accessibility to medical services - Although British adults have access to the NHS, stigma of being overweight may prevent them from seeking help for their comorbidities.

    Personality factors - mood, optimism with diet plan etc.]]>     2019-11-25 12:26:08 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/416104660     Models underpinning possible intervention: n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/416104883 2019-11-25 12:26:48 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/416104883 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/416106715 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836178/]]> 2019-11-25 12:31:45 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/416106715 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/417465855
  • Approach inspired by high relapse rate of calorie restrictive 'diets'.
  • Move from a weight-centred approach to a health-centred one
  • Improving health behaviours irrespective of weight outcome as it has been suggested you can still be healthy and overweight
  • Idea that targeting weight as the issue does not target comorbidities directly like targeting health behaviour does
  • Weight-loss dieting failure can be damaging to self-esteem so this approach would try to avoid that
  • Energy expenditure increased in long term measures
  • Improves body dissatisfaction long term
  • Improvement in body image avoidance behaviours
  • This non-diet approach minimised attrition rate and attribution of blame to self as a 'failure'
  • non-diet approach saw metabolic fitness improvements however saw no weight loss. This was not a goal of the programme however would have been good to see as well... however if neither diet or non-diet approaches produce long term weight loss achievements then the improved metabolic health in the non-diet approach is a suitable alternative.
    • ]]>     2019-11-28 12:18:03 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/417465855     Increased physical activity: n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/417472408 Social factors - Time schedule, family commitments making it more difficult to have personal time to exercise

    Emotional factors - physical activity could be channeled as an output of emotional agro.
    On the other hand, sensitive emotions in body stigma may prevent physical activity.

    Cultural factors - Certain cultures may stigmatise exercise of certain groups - e.g. women

    Cognitive factors - Knowledge about types of exercise and their success in weight loss and body transformations.]]>     2019-11-28 12:38:05 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/417472408     Lifestyle change intervention: n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/417499060
  • Treat as a lifestyle change, not a diet. More sustainable approach hopefully encouraging long term weight loss and improved health goals.
  • Mindfulness participation to decrease stigma and negative feelings associated with physical appearance and high weight which may prevent physical activity participation due to anticipated judgement.
  • Education, possible CBT to debunk existing food beliefs.
  • Introduction of intuitive eating to improve attitude towards the body and food.
  • Social support through family and friends, if not available: turn to online platforms such as the creation of an Instagram wellness blog to record progress and seek support from others in the community.

    • My own powerpoint brainstorm on lifestyle changes:
    ]]>     2019-11-28 14:07:56 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/417499060     n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/418412386 2019-12-02 12:51:39 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/418412386 n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/418413305 Case report ]]> 2019-12-02 12:53:55 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/418413305 Fifty Years of Behavioral/Lifestyle Interventions for Overweight and Obesity: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421640988 Williamson, (2017).

    Literature review of obesity treatment since Stuart's 1967 three-dimensional obesity programme ( heavily criticised as results not often long-term):
    1.  environmental interventions to strengthen healthy eating and decrease sedentary behavior
    2. Structured exercise programs to increase physical activity
    3. dietary programs to decrease caloric intake.

     Stuart and Davis (1972) Lifestyle modification intervention. Validated method through RTCs. Treatment progressed from individual to group therapy.

    Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) examples: 
    1. Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (1994)
    2. Look AHEAD (2006
    3. CALERIE (2007)
    4. POUNDS Lost (2009)

    Conclusions
    Over time of using ILIs, therapy has progressively moved to group scenarios, and treatment duration has increased. Interventions are increasingly using computer systems to monitor progress.

    Creation of CDC Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program (DPRP - 2015) to recognise successes of ILIs into one recognised programme. 

    ]]>     2019-12-09 15:16:54 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421640988     Conceptualizing Obesity as a Chronic Disease: An Interview With Dr. Arya Sharma n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421683795 2019-12-09 16:16:28 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421683795 Is Obesity A Disease or A Behavior Abnormality? Did the AMA Get It Right? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421684896 2019-12-09 16:18:06 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421684896 Obesity should be recognised as a disease n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421685290 2019-12-09 16:18:46 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421685290 Not very NICE: deviance, stigma and nutritional guidelines related to healthy weight and obesity. n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421687206 Why NHS guidelines are likely to fail.]]> 2019-12-09 16:21:25 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421687206 Weight stigma predicts inhibitory control and food selection in response to the salience of weight discrimination n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421693393 The higher participants were in perceived weight stigma, the more poorly they performed on the inhibitory control task and the more calories they ordered when they read about discrimination against individuals with higher body weight. ]]> 2019-12-09 16:30:21 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421693393 The relationship between weight stigma and eating behavior is explained by weight bias internalization and psychological distress. n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421694088 2019-12-09 16:31:27 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421694088 Weight stigma and eating behaviors on a college campus: Are students immune to stigma's effects? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421694442 2019-12-09 16:31:59 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/421694442 Double stigma? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433620747 Poor mental health associated with obesity (particularly anxiety & depression)]]> 2020-01-20 12:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433620747 Health perceptions & beliefs n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621667 2020-01-20 12:06:26 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621667 Health-seeking behaviour n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621731 2020-01-20 12:06:45 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621731 Adherence to treatment n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621774 Patronised for eating 'healthy'?]]> 2020-01-20 12:06:54 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621774 Health related behaviours n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621862 2020-01-20 12:07:22 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621862 Self efficacy n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621879 2020-01-20 12:07:28 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433621879 Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433628638 Outdated lit review on socioeconomic influences on obesity (Sobal & Stunkard, 1989). 

    This research highlights an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity for women in developed countries, as women of a higher socioeconomic strata have a higher likelihood of obesity.]]>     2020-01-20 12:36:16 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433628638     Socioeconomic Status and Obesity n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433642551  McLaren (2007).

    Finds that a lower socioeconomic status is related to a higher body mass. In developed countries this is highly related to education & occupation.]]>     2020-01-20 13:36:05 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/433642551     Are certain populations more vulnerable? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/436349640 2020-01-27 12:35:13 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/436349640 What specific self-management challenges do low SES obese people face? n0730583 https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/436349731 2020-01-27 12:35:28 UTC https://padlet.com/n0730583/1z2sbnbouep0/wish/436349731