He was born in 1642 in a little village in Lincolnshire: Newton’s father was a farmer and died before his son’s birth.

When Newton was 15, his uncle re-moved him from school because he wanted to make a farmer of him.

But a young Isaac was a bad farmer and his uncle sent him to the University of Cambridge.

After graduation from the University he became a professor of Mathematics and lectured at Cambridge for more than 30 years.

In 1665 the great plague broke in England and Cambridge was closed — Newton had to return home for eighteen months.

It was the most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries — those of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light and of the law of gravitation.

He advanced an idea that light consisted of small particles — corpuscles (today the scientists call them photons).

Later on he, however, came to the conclusion that light had a dual nature, namely, it was a combination of the corpuscles and the ethereal waves.

Newton was also interested in the problem of what was the cause of the motion of the planets.

A friend who knew about Darwin's interest in nature invited him to take the trip. Charles was 22 when he left England for a five-year trip around the world.

This trip is a very important one in the history of science, for it led Darwin to write one of the worlds most famous books. The book is "The Origin of Species".

It gives Darwin's ideas of how all the plants and animals of today have come from the very simple plants and animals that first lived on the Earth. Darwin was seasick for much of the voyage, but he came back with the notes for his great book.

He visited the Galapagos Islands, Australia, New Zealand. There he saw many strange plants and animals.

These were Darwin's chief ideas: many more plants and animals are produced than can possibly live. There is no two plants and animals, even of the same kind, which would be exactly alike.

The idea that all the plants and animals of today came from the simple plants and animals of long ago is called "The theory of evolution"

1.The least harmful garbage that can be seen on the streets of small towns and villages, but it brings a lot of trouble to residents.

 

2. Food waste-decomposition period of 30 days

Potato cleaning, cutting meat and everything that remains edible after cooking can be attributed to this type of garbage. Also not so dangerous.

 

3. Newsprint-term of decomposition 1-4 months

Before you throw the newspaper on the road, think that for another 4 months the residents of your yard will admire the muddy paper.

 

4. Leaves, seeds, twigs-decomposition period 3-4 months

If the parks are not cleaned of natural debris utilities, soon people would be walking the mountains of branches and leaves.

 

5. Cardboard boxes-term of decomposition 3 months

Quite harmless waste if to throw out it in garbage cans.

 

6. Office paper-term of decomposition 2 years

Yeah, imagine. The whole point is in the composition and density: the paper is made precisely to ensure that the documents printed on it can be stored for a long time, which does not ignore, unfortunately, the term of its decomposition.

 

7. Boards-term of decomposition 10 years

Conventional boards, which are used on construction sites. Of course, if they are not subject to any processing (for example, impregnation with fuel oil).

 

8. Iron banks-term of decomposition 10 years

Like boards, cans of stew or condensed milk will rot in the ground for another 10 years after you throw them under a tree in the forest.

 

9. Old shoes-decomposition period of 10 years

Here all of course depends on the composition of the shoes and the degree of wear, but on average, leatherette shoes will decompose the tenth part of the century.

 

10. Fragments of brick and concrete-decomposition period of 100 years

It is the garbage that each company-Builder prefers to bury under the Playground in the yard. Yes, and so quite often make. Perhaps this is justified: after all, "Stalinka" are already 80 years =)

 

11. The rechargeable car batteries — term decay 100 years

Such garbage which is more favorable, of course, to hand over on processing. After all, for 1 spent battery (20-25 kg) can help out about 500 rubles.

 

12. Foil — the period of decomposition of more than 100 years

Yes, despite the fact that the thickness of the iron leaf is less than 0.5 mm, it is very strongly compressed. So do not throw out the packaging of their meat products in campaigns.

 

13. Electric batteries-term of decomposition 110 years

Here the role is played not only by the decomposition period, but also the environmental damage caused by the lithium battery, oxidizing. A lot of charities fighting for the purity of the planet, offer to save batteries, so they then came and took them away from you.

 

14. Rubber tyres — term decomposition of 120-140 years

Rubber belongs to one of the most resistant materials. Fortunately, when changing rubber on a HUNDRED, most drivers leave their old as a gift, or for a nominal price the same. And smart holders of the service then pass it for recycling.

 

15. Plastic bottles — period decomposition of 180-200 years

Plastic is also very dangerous and toxic, not to mention the fact that it is not very pleasant to look at the roadsides strewn with empty plastic bottles of Coca-Cola.

 

16. Aluminum cans — term decay 500 years

Almost the most dangerous garbage. It decomposes for a long time, emits harmful substances during oxidation, prevails on our planet.

The country’s shores are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea. The English channel separate Great Britain from the continent.

The total area of the U.K. is 244.00 square kilometers with a population of 56 million. It is one of the most populated countries in the world. The average density of population is very high: about 220 people per square kilometer. The greater part of the population is urban. About 80 percent of people live in numerous towns and cities. More then seven million people live in London area. Very often the inhabitants of The United Kingdom and Northern Ireland are called English.

The surface of the British Isles varies very mach. There are many mountains in Scotland, Wales and northwest of England but they are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain. The northern part of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. Scotland is also famous for its beautiful lakes, which are called Lochs.

The mountains in G.B. are not very high. There are many rivers in G.B., but they are not very long. The Themes is the deepest, the longest and the most important river in England.

The climate of G.B. is mild. It is not very cold in winter and hot in summer. The average temperature in January is about 5C above zero. February is the coldest month in the year. The summers are cool and rainy. July is the warmest month. There is much rain and flog in autumn and winter. October is the rainiest month in the year.

It is said to be one of the finest pieces of architecture in Europe.

 Work onWren's masterpiece began in 1675 after a Norman church, old St Paul's, wasdestroyed in the Great Fire of 1666.

For 35 years the building of St Paul'sCathedral went on, and Wren was an old man before it was finished.

From far away you can see the huge dome with a golden ball and cross on thetop.

 The interior of the Cathedral is very beautiful. It is full of monuments.

The most important, perhaps, is the one dedicated to the Duke of Wellington.After looking round you can climb 263 steps to the Whispering Gallery, whichruns round the dome.

 It is called so, because if someone whispers close tothe wall on one side, a person with his ear close to the wall on the other sidecan hear what is said. But if you want to reach the foot of the ball, you have toclimb 637 steps.