https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2 en-us 2022-02-03 01:15:25 UTC 2022-02-04 02:27:18 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9ec.png skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028567849 In 1869, Frederick Miescher first isolated and discovered a compound (DNA - made of nucleic acids) in white blood cells, which he originally called "nuclein." He soon discovered that this phosphorus and nitrogen-rich molecule could be found in other cells, too!

https://www.genome.gov/25520232/online-education-kit-1869-dna-first-isolated]]> 2022-02-04 00:09:17 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028567849 skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028572610 In 1928, Frederick Griffith discovered that certain strains of bacteria can transform based on the way their genetic material interacted. He isolated two types and discovered that DNA might be the genetic material causing this transformation. 

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Griffith]]> 2022-02-04 00:14:53 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028572610 skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028573129 In 1944, Oswald Avery and his group proved the connection between DNA and heredity (originally theorized by Griffith), mentioning that it was a form of genetic material that could carry and pass on vital pieces of information. In conjunction with Griffith's work, this would be called the "transforming principle."

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982213015157#:~:text=On%201%20February%201944%2C%20the,from%20one%20type%20to%20another]]> 2022-02-04 00:15:28 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028573129 skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028573340 Erwin Chargaff planted the seeds for Watson and Crick's eventual discovery of the structural component of DNA. In 1950, he found that adenine and thymine levels were about the same in DNA, and cytosine and guanine were similar, too. This was the main one out of Chargaff's two award-winning rules.

https://nationalmedals.org/laureate/erwin-chargaff/#:~:text=Erwin%20Chargaff%20was%20one%20of,amounts%20of%20cytosine%20and%20guanine.]]> 2022-02-04 00:15:42 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028573340 skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028573619 In 1951, Wilkins began to extract proof of DNA's structure using his expertise with X-rays and their "diffraction." This directly contributed to Watson and Crick's upcoming experiments, which used the images/data from Wilkins's work. 

https://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/index.php/people/summary/Wilkins#:~:text=Wilkins%20is%20most%20well%2Dknown,double%2Dhelix%20structure%20of%20DNA.]]> 2022-02-04 00:16:00 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028573619 skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028573932 Throughout 1951 and 1952, Chase and Hershey worked to identify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the compound of genes. At this point in history, there was confusion as to whether genes were composed of proteins or DNA, but the two scientists' work helped clarify this (proving that they were, in fact, made up of DNA).

https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/hershey-chase-experiments-1952-alfred-hershey-and-martha-chase]]> 2022-02-04 00:16:18 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028573932 skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028574083 In 1952, Rosalind Franklin discovered the double-helix structure that people commonly associate with DNA. Additionally, she was able to measure the density of this form of genetic material, and this was all possible using a form of X-ray. Importantly, however, she wasn't given much credit for her work (for a multitude of reasons, one being the fact that gender equality was quite lacking in the 20th century).

https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/photograph-51-rosalind-franklin-1952#:~:text=On%206%20May%201952%2C%20at,of%20deoxyribosenucleic%20acid%2C%20or%20DNA.]]> 2022-02-04 00:16:28 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028574083 skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028574220 Around the same time, in 1952, Linus Pauling suggested that DNA may be triple-stranded. This, of course, was eventually disproven in favor of Franklin, Watson, and Crick's model, which showed a double-stranded helix. 

https://dnalc.cshl.edu/view/15512-Linus-Pauling-s-triple-DNA-helix-model-3D-animation-with-basic-narration.html#:~:text=In%201952%2C%20Linus%20Pauling%20proposed,stranded%20helix%20structure%20for%20DNA.]]> 2022-02-04 00:16:37 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028574220 skaluri https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028574456 Watson and Crick worked with Franklin in discovering the structure of DNA. Unbeknownst to her, however, Wilkins notified them about her discoveries! Although they had contributed somewhat to the double-helix model, they unfairly left without giving the greatest contributor, Franklin, much credit. In 1953, they published "their" new discovery of DNA's structure being similar to a double-helix.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/crick_and_watson.shtml#:~:text=Watson%20and%20Crick%20worked%20together,the%20hereditary%20information%20for%20cells.&text=In%20April%201953%2C%20they%20published,known%20features%20%2D%20the%20double%20helix.]]> 2022-02-04 00:16:50 UTC https://padlet.com/skaluri/1x9sprb5sgz6k9n2/wish/2028574456