Learning by Anis Zaydi https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1 en-us 2023-05-30 11:31:23 UTC 2023-06-01 15:59:48 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f4d6.png 2. Operant Conditioning aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609031596 - voluntary response is strengthened/weakened depending on un/favourable consequences

- experiment: 
  • Skinner Box (rat + lever + food)
]]> 2023-05-30 11:34:42 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609031596 1. Classical Conditioning aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609033044 - a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about the response

- experiment: 
  • Pavlov - Dog + Bell
  • Watson - Little Albert (emotional response)

Stimulus Generalization
- similar stimuli
- cth: Little Albert takut dengan semua haiwan/benda berbulu, not just rat

Stimulus Discrimination
- distinct differences
- cth: kucing berlari dengar bunyi bukak fridge (associate fridge = wetfood) tapi tak heran dengar bunyi bukak almari
]]> 2023-05-30 11:36:14 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609033044 3. Cognitive Learning Theory aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609034040 - approach that focuses on thought process underlying learning (internal thoughts and expectations)

]]> 2023-05-30 11:37:27 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609034040 Latent Learning aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609037533 - bhv is learned but not demonstrated until incentive is provided for displaying it
- learning occurs without reinforcement

- cognitive map: mental representation of spatial locactions and directions]]> 2023-05-30 11:41:20 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609037533 Observational Learning aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609043801 - by observing another person's bhv (model)
- Albert Bandura's social cognitive approach
- genetic basis
  • mirror neurons
  • mother animals teaching young (eg, hunting)
- not all observed bhv is learned
  • main factor: if the model is rewarded, bhv more apt to be mimicked 

- experiment: 
  • Bobo Doll
  • Fearless Peer
]]> 2023-05-30 11:48:01 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609043801 Learning Styles aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609046735 - Receptive 
  • read/write
  • visual/graphic
  • auditory/verbal
  • tactile/kinesthetic

- Analytical 
  • understand fundamentals/components first

- Relational
  • understand full picture first

]]> 2023-05-30 11:51:57 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609046735 Reinforcement aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609150019 2 types of reinforcer:
  • Primary: basic needs (food/shelter)
  • Secondary: stimulus associated with primary reinforcer (money/good grades)

Positive Reinforcement
- add pleasant stimulus
- cth: paycheck/praise

Negative Reinforcement
- remove unpleasant stimuli
- cth: bahu sakit (unpleasant stimuli) -> pakai salonpas (negative reinforcer) -> hilang sakit -> next time bahu sakit cari salonpas (bhv increase)
]]> 2023-05-30 13:29:57 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609150019 Punishment aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609154406 Positive Punishment
- add unpleasant stimuli
- cth: spanking/jail

Negative Punishment
- remove pleasant stimuli
- cth: demotion/grounded

Reinforcement is more appropriate than punishment!]]> 2023-05-30 13:33:44 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609154406 Shaping aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609161399 - teaching complex bhv by rewarding in successive approximation (tangga)
- B.F. Skinner]]> 2023-05-30 13:39:49 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609161399 Schedule of Reinforcement aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609203012 - continuous: reinforce every time bhv occurs
  • rapid learning

- intermittent: reinforce some times
  • stronger/longer-lasting learning
  • 2 categories based on:
a) number of responses before reinforcement
  • fixed-ratio
  • variable-ratio
b) amount of time before reinforcement
  • fixed-interval
  • variable-interval (steady rate of learning)
]]> 2023-05-30 14:13:34 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609203012 Extinction aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609207642 - basic phenomenon  when previously conditioned responses decreases in frequency, eventually disappears

- spontaneous recovery: extinct bhv reemerged after a period of rest
- cth: drug addict relapse]]> 2023-05-30 14:17:49 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609207642 Basic Process aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609215250 1. Before conditioning:
NS (bell) -> No response
UCS (meat) -> UCR (salivate)

2. During conditioning
NS (bell) + UCS (meat) -> UCR (salivate)

3. After conditioning
CS [evolved from NS] (bell) -> CR [asalnya UCR] (salivate)]]> 2023-05-30 14:24:34 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609215250 Terminology aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609217583 NS: Neutral Stimulus

UCS: Unconditioned Stimulus
UCR: Unconditioned Respones

CS: Conditioned Stimulus
CR: Conditioned Response]]> 2023-05-30 14:26:37 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609217583 4. Behaviour Modification aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609232328 - a formalized technique for promoting the frequency of desirable bhv and decreasing unwanted ones]]> 2023-05-30 14:37:46 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609232328 Basic Process aniszaydi12 https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609238439
  •  Identify goals and target bhv
  • Design data-recording system and collect preliminary data  (find baseline)
  • Select strategy (shaping? reinforcement?)
  • Implement program (consistency)
  • Record keeping (monitor target bhv)
  • Evaluate (compare with baseline) and alter program if necessary

    • ]]>     2023-05-30 14:42:40 UTC https://padlet.com/aniszaydi12/1woeq9ld2uh3jdq1/wish/2609238439