Teacher-centered instructional strategies.

- The focus is primarily on the teacher.

- Learners have a passive role.

- Knowledge is transmitted from instruction.

- Emphasis on learning correct answers.

- Apply flipped learning scenarios, slide presentations, lectures or video lessons as strategies.

Student-centered instructional strategies.

- The focus is primarily on the learner.

- Learners have an active role.

- Enhance learning outcomes.

- Adapt to diverse and changing needs.

- Apply debates, role plays, discussions, case studies as strategies.

Project Based-Learning

Project-based learning is a pedagogical strategy that allows students to acquire content knowledge on their own by planning, implementing, and evaluating projects that have real-world applications.

Characteristics:

- Learning is student-centered.

- Its aim is to develop critical thinking skills

- Real-world problem solving.

- Students voice and choice.

- Tends to cover more than 1 discipline.

Important ideas about Project Based-Learning

- Students' collaboration is required in these activities.

- Teachers' role is facilitator, collaborator, and manager who can create the learning environment encouraging the learners to work independently.

- Students develop their critical thinking skills

- Real-world problem solving.

Gamification

Gamification is a learning technique that transfers the mechanics of games to the educational environment in order to achieve better results in students' learning.

Characteristics:

- Learning is student-centered.

- Makes learning fun and interactive.

- Its aim is to make learning more engaging for students.

- Use rewards and incentives.

- Improves communication process.

- Encourages continuous learning.

Important ideas about Gamification

- Gamification increase students’ motivation to learn.

- Gamification induces creativity.

- It encourages collaboration before, during and after the activity.

- It builds patience and problem-solving skills.

- It increase engagement in the activities.