• Face a risk of st: Đối mặt với một rủi ro về cái gì

• Face a considerable from st: Đối mặt với một rủi ro lớn từ cái gì

Danger (n): Sự nguy hiểm

• Face a considerable danger of st: Đối mặt với 1 sự nguy hiểm lớn về cái gì

• Face a considerable danger from st

• V + a/an + adj + N + prep

Ex: People in Hanoi facing a considerable danger from air pollution

Benefit: Lợi ích

• Have a benefit from st

• To show causes 

• To show purposes 

• To show contrasting ideas 

• To show results: 

  • S + V/be + so + adv/adj + that S + V. (Ai/cái gì ntn đến nỗi mà làm sao.)

  • S + V/be + adv/adj + enough (for sb) to V. (Ai/cái gì ntn đó đủ để (cho ai) làm gì.) 

  • S + V + enough/sufficient/adequate + N to V. (Ai đó có đủ cái gì để làm gì.)

    • sufficient/adequate (adj): đủ 

    • insufficient/inadequate (adj): không đủ

  • S + V/be + too + adv/adj + (for sb) to V. (Ai/cái gì quá ntn (cho ai) để làm gì. 

  • S + V, which encourages/motivates sb to V. (Ai đó làm gì, điều này khuyến khích ai làm gì.) 

  • S + V, which prevents/deters sb from V_ing. (Ai đó làm gì, điều này ngăn cản ai khỏi việc làm gì.) 

  • S + V, which acts as a deterrent to sb. Ai đó làm gì, điều này như 1 lời cảnh báo ai. 

  • S + V, which helps sb to V. Ai đó làm gì, điều này giúp ai đó làm gì. 

-   Speaking Part 1: (Social interaction): 3 mins

-   Speaking Part 2: (Solution Discussion): 4 mins

-   Speaking Part 3: (Topic development): 5 mins

o   Topic development: phát triển chủ đề  

o   Further questions:

• Pronunciation: 

• Fluency and coherence 

• Grammar: 

• Vocab: 

• organization:

Câu trả lời tốt để đạt từ 6.0+ (B2+)

-       Phải trả lời được từ 2-3 câu (20-30s)

-       Trả lời đúng ngữ pháp, sử dụng được câu phức, câu ghép thay vì câu đơn

-       Trong câu trả lời phải có từ vựng theo chủ đề, từ vựng ít phổ biến hơn

-       Phải nói to, rõ ràng, (phát âm tốt)

-       Phải nói trôi chảy

SPEAKING PART 1:

2 topics: (Đi thi thì sẽ chọn 1 trong 2 chủ đề và trả lời các câu hỏi trong chủ đề đó. Không NHẤT THIẾT phải trả lời hết các câu hỏi ở cả hai chủ đề.)

Topic 1: 3 questions

Topic 2: 3 questions

-   Nhìn thì: xem nên trả lời bằng thì gì? 

-   Nhìn loại câu hỏi: xem nên triển khai ý kiểu gì

Các loại câu hỏi phổ biến trong Speaking Part 1

• Các cách triển khai ý phổ biến, dễ dùng: 

- Cách 1: RED

+ Question:

+ Answer + develop the answer by using RED

+ REASONS: Lý do

+ EXAMPLES: Ví dụ

+ DETAILS: Chi tiết

1. Do you like cooking ?

   • Yes, I do. I’m really into cooking (reason) because it can help me get rid of stress. I feel very happy when I see my near and dear people (friends and family) eat the food cooked by me. 

2. Do you like often do exercise ?

3. Do you like reading? 

• Yes, I do. I’m really into reading because it can help me become more knowledgeable ( Em đồng ý. Tôi thực sự thích đọc sách vì nó có thể giúp tôi trở nên hiểu biết hơn.)

  • Widen my knowledge: Mở rộng kiến ​​thức của tôi

  • Broaden my horizons: Mở rộng tầm nhìn của tôi

  
  

1. Do you like reading? 

• Yes, I do. I’m a big reader/ an avid reader/ a bookworm. I often read my favorite book before going to bed. Now, I’m reading Harry Potter, which is a very famous novel (example).

DETAILS: 

• Do you like reading? Reading fiction books/ non-fiction books/detective novels/self-help books 

• Do you often do exercise? go/hit the gym, do yoga, do aerobics, …..

• Do you like cooking? Traditional dishes 

  • Yes, I do. I’m a keen cook, and I’m particularly fond of cooking traditional dishes (details). 

ANSWER: 

YES

• Answer the question directly 

• Develop the answer by using RED 

NO + WHY

Do you like reading? 

• Yes, I do. I’m an avid reader, and I’m particularly fond of reading detective novels. My favorite book is Sherlock Holmes written by ___________. Whenever I have free time, I often read books because it can help me get rid of stress and become more knowledgeable.

• Go went- gone

• Play - played - played

• Be: tense, subject

1. Present simple: is/ am/ are + PP

   • Tea is grown in Thai Nguyen

   • Many book are sold i this store

2. Past simple: was/were + PP

   • This house was built 30 years ago ( 3 decades ago).

3. Present perfect: have/has + been + PP

   • A law regarding deforestation has just been imposed/issued/introduced.

4. Past perfect: had + been + PP

   • A law regarding deforestation had been imposed before he was arrested. 

   • Arrest (v): Bat nguoi

5. Present continuous: is/ am/are + being + PP

   • This book is being read by Cong Anh.

6. Past continuous: was/were + being + PP

   • The book was being read by Cong Anh at 8 p.m. yesterday. 

7. Modal verbs: will, be going to, can, could, may, might, ought to... +be + PP

   • This assignment will be completed/finished tomorrow.

   Some people believe that S + V -> Viết mở bài, kết bài

   It is believed that S + V -> Viết mở bài, kết bài

   S + is/am/are + believed to V/ to have + PP.

Dạng mở bài 1

1. DISCUSSION + [OPINION]: dạng bài thảo luận và đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân là dạng bài đi phân tích quan điểm của người khác và trình bày quan điểm cá nhân của mình. 

Các câu hỏi phổ biến:  

• Discuss both views/sides and give your opinion

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of ___? 

• Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 

• Is it a positive or negative trend? 

  1. Vocab

• Advantages - benefits - merits - upsides - positive aspects: mặt thuận lợi 

• Disadvantages - drawbacks - demerits - downsides - negative aspects: mặt bất lợi 

• Outweigh (v): nhiều hơn, quan trọng hơn 

• A offers/brings (enormous/significant) benefits to B. A mang lại nhiều lợi ích cho B. 

• B gains/reaps/receives (enormous/significant) benefits from A. B nhận được nhiều lợi ích từ A. 

• A is beneficial/advantageous to B. A có lợi cho B. 

  2. Sentences 

• People have different views about Noun Phrases. (Người ta có quan điểm khác nhau về.) 

  • People have different views about WHETHER S + V. (Người ta có quan điểm khác nhau về liệu rằng ai đó có ntn hay không.) 

    • ^{EX: People have different views about whether students should study in groups or alone.,}

  • Whether S + V (or not) is a subject of intense debate. (Liệu rằng ai đó có ntn hay không là một vấn đề gây nhiều tranh cãi.)

    • ^{EX: Whether sex education be taught in elementary school or not is a subject of intense debate.}

• Although some claim that S + V, I believe that S + V. 

  • While some claim that S + V, I believe that S + V. 

  • Some claim that S + V. However, I believe that S + V.  

  3. How to write 

  4. Template

1. Some people prefer traveling alone. Others tend to like traveling in groups. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 

Vocab: 

• Solo travel 

• Group travel - group tour 

  
  

Dạng mở bài 2

PROBLEM/CAUSE/EFFECT + SOLUTION: Vấn đề/nguyên nhân/hệ quả + giải pháp

• Problem + solution: Vấn đề + giải pháp

  • (Problem + Solution): [A] has been highlighted as a matter of urgent public concern over recent years. This essay will discuss its problems and propose some workable solutions to this problem.

• Cause + solution: Nguyên nhân + giải pháp

  • [A] has been highlighted as a matter of urgent public concern over recent years. This essay will shed light on its causes and propose some workable solutions to this problem. 

• Effect + solution : Tác dụng + giải pháp

• Problems: Các vấn đề

• Causes: Nguyên nhân

• Effects: Các hiệu ứng

• Solutions: Các giải pháp

1. Vocab

   • Problem - issue - matter (n): vấn đề 

   • Solution - measure - approach - remedy (n): giải pháp 

   • Take steps/measures/action to V: có biện pháp làm gì 

   • Shed light on st: làm sáng tỏ vấn đề gì 

   • Discuss problems: thảo luận vấn đề 

   • propose/ put forward solutions: đưa ra các giải pháp

   • workable/feasible/viable solutions: giải pháp khả thi 

   • Urgent (adj) - pressing (adj): cấp bách

2. Sentence structures: Cấu trúc câu

   • [A] has been highlighted as a matter of urgent public concern over recent years. (A được xem là  vấn đề mà cả xã hội quan tâm trong những năm gần đây.) 

     • Béo phì ở trẻ em được xem như là 1 vấn đề xã hội quan tâm trong những năm gần đây. 

       • Obesity in children has been highlighted as a matter of urgent public concern over recent years.

     • Ô nhiễm không khí được xem như là vấn đề mà cả xã hội quan tâm trong những năm gần đây. 

       • Air pollution has been highlighted as a matter of urgent public concern over recent years.

   • [S + V], which has been highlighted as a matter of urgent public concern over recent years. 

     • Tỉ lệ béo phì ở trẻ em ngày càng tăng, điều này được xem là vấn đề mà cả xã hội hội quan tâm trong những năm gần đây. 

       • Obesity rates in children are increasing, which has been highlighted as a matter of urgent public concern over recent years. 

CAUSE + SOLUTION: 

Air pollution, brain drain, overpopulation, deforestation, e-waste, 

1. An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their own poorer countries to work in developed countries. What problems does this cause? What solutions can you suggest to deal with this situation? (Brain drain) 

2. Deforestation is happening in many parts of the world, with serious results for the environment. What are the primary causes of deforestation? Do you think can be done to solve this problem?

3. The amount of electronic waste ( e-waster ) is increasing in many parts of the world. What the primary causes of it ? What measures can be taken to tackle this problem ?

• Dạng câu hỏi thường gặp: 

  • To what extent do you agree or disagree? 

  • What is your opinion? 

  • Do you agree or disagree? 

• Vocab: 

  • Completely agree/disagree with sb/st: hoàn toàn đồng ý/ không đồng ý với ai/cái gì 

  • Concur with sb/st: đồng ý với ai/cái gì 

  • Be opposed to sb/st: phản đối ai/cái gì 

  • maintain/claim/contend/assert (v): cho rằng điều gì là đúng 

• Sentences: 

  • It is argued that S + V. (Người ta tranh luận rằng….)

  • Although S + V, I believe that S + V. (Mặc dù một vài người khẳng định rằng, nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng……) 

• How to write an introduction: 

  • Give strong opinion: completely agree/disagree: hoàn toàn đồng ý/ hoàn toàn không đồng ý 

    • Introduction: 

      • Topic: It is argued that S + V (topic). 

      • Answer: From my perspective/In my opinion, I completely agree/disagree with this viewpoint. 

Template 1:  Completely agree/disagree 

• It is argued that S + V. From my perspective, I completely agree/disagree with this viewpoint. 

  • Give a balanced view: đi cân nhắc 2 mặt của  1 vấn đề trước khi đưa ra quyết định Agree/Disagree 

    • Introduction: 

      • Topic: It is argued that S + V (topic). 

      • Answer: Although S + V, I believe that S + V. 

Template 2: Balanced view

• It is argued that S + V. Although S + V, I believe that S + V.

• Trong một số trường hợp: Although S offer(s) certain benefits to sb, I believe that they should + V. (Mặc dù cái gì đó mang lại 1 vài lợi ích nhất định cho ai đó, nhưng tôi tin rằng họ vẫn nên làm gì. 

1. Many people say that cooking and eating at home is better for individuals and the family than eating out in restaurants or canteens. Do you agree or disagree?

• Topic: cooking and eating at home is better for individuals and the family than eating out in restaurants or canteens

• Answer: Although eating out in restaurants or canteens offers diners/people certain benefits/ offers certain benefits to diners/people, I believe that they should cook and eat at home.

-> It is argued that cooking and eating at home is better for individuals and the family than eating out in restaurants or canteens. Although dining out offers several benefits to people, I believe that they should cook and eat at home.

2. Smoking not only harms smokers, but also those who are nearby. Therefore, smoking should be banned in public places. To what extent, do you agree or disagree?

• Vocab: 

  • ban/prohibit/forbid st

  • Impose a ban/prohibition on st: ban hành lệnh cấm lên cái gì 

  • Public smoking: hút thuốc nơi công cộng - smoking in public places/areas

  • Be harmful/detrimental to sb/st: có hại cho ai/cái gì 

  • Have a harmful/detrimental effect/impact/influence on sb/st: có ảnh hưởng có hại đến ai/cái gì 

  • 
    

• Introduction: 

  • Topic: cooking and eating at home is better for individuals and families than eating out in restaurants or canteens

  • Answer: I completely agree with this viewpoint 

It is argued that cooking and eating at home is better for individuals and the family than eating out in restaurants or canteens. From my perspective, I completely agree with this viewpoint. 

It is argued that cooking at home is more beneficial to individuals and the family than dining out in establishments.  From my perspective, I completely agree with this viewpoint. 

cooking and eating a

Part 2: 15 CÂU

Part 3: 12 CÂU

Messages, Announcements, Advertisements, Calls….

Bước 2: Lên dàn ý chí cho bài văn

• Introduction:

  • Topic:

  • Answer:

• Body 1:

• Body 2:

• Conclusion: repeat the answer by paraphrasing the answer

Bước 3: Lên dàn ý chi tiết cho bài văn

Practice

EX:

Bước 1: Childhood obesity has become a serious problem in recent years. What are the primary causes of this? What measures should be taken to reduce childhood obesity?

Bước 2: Lên dàn ý chính cho bài văn (học rồi) 

• Introduction: 

  • Topic: childhood obesity 

  • Answer: primary/root causes + viable/feasible/ workable measures/solutions 

• Body 1: 

• Body 2: 

• Conclusion: schools and parents can make concerted efforts to tackle this problem 

Bước 3: 

• Introduction: 

  • Topic: childhood obesity 

  • Answer: primary/root causes + viable/feasible/ workable measures/solutions 

• Body 1: several causes (2-3 main ideas)

  • Idea 1: unhealthy diet

    • Details/Explanation: đưa thông tin chi tiết cho ý chính/ lý giải ý chính 

      • consume foods which high/rich in unhealthy/saturated fats, oil, salt and sugary drinks

    • Example: đưa ví dụ minh chứng cho ý chính

      • Fast food: KFC

    • Reasons: đưa ra lý do cho ý chính

      • Increasing number of fast food restaurants such as KFC, Lotteria.., tasty, affordable, convenient, suitable for the hectic pace of life 

    • Results: đưa kết quả của ý chính

      • Accumulate body fats -> gain weight 

  • Idea 2: physical inactivity 

    • details/explanation 

      • Lazy doing exercise 

    • Reasons: 

      • The development of technology leads to/results in indoor recreational activities such as playing games, watching TV………….

    • Example: 

    • Result: 

      • Cannot burn calories -> put on weight/ become overweight 

• Body 2: solutions 

  • Solution 1: have a healthy diet, cut down on fast food and sugary drinks

    • Details: take in /have foods rich in protein, fibers, minerals, vitamin

    • Results: lose weight and maintain their fitness (keep fit) 

• Conclusion: schools and parents can make concerted efforts to tackle this problem