Concept Map 6 by Sophie Gregoretti https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77 en-us 2023-10-02 17:09:00 UTC 2023-10-16 00:52:19 UTC hello@padlet.com key gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729400523 2023-10-03 00:14:42 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729400523 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729400750 blue = lecture]]> 2023-10-03 00:14:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729400750 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729400990 green = textbook]]> 2023-10-03 00:15:17 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729400990 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729401286 yellow = article]]> 2023-10-03 00:15:41 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729401286 meninges - dura mater gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729405296 dura mater:
- outermost leathery layer 
- double layered external covering 
> periosteum: attached to inner surface of skull
> meningeal layer: outer covering of the brain
- folds inward in several areas]]> 2023-10-03 00:20:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729405296 meninges - arachnoids layer gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729408117 - middle layer
- web-like structures spanning subarachnoid space to attach it to the pia mater
- arachnoid granulations protrude the dura mater and absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood ]]> 2023-10-03 00:23:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729408117 meninges gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729408854 2023-10-03 00:24:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729408854 meninges - pia mater gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729412931 - internal layer
- clings to surface of brain and SC]]> 2023-10-03 00:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729412931 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729413402 2023-10-03 00:29:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729413402 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ventricles gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729414949 2023-10-03 00:30:46 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729414949 CSF gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729418506 - sodium chloride and other salts
- similar to blood plasma composition
- formed by choroid plexus
- fills ventricles
- circulates around brain and SC in subarachnoid space (btwn arachnoid layer and pia mater)
- cushions the brain]]> 2023-10-03 00:34:48 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729418506 ventricles gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729419111 2023-10-03 00:35:38 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729419111 CSF circulation gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729422322 - produced by choroid plexus of each ventricle
- flow through ventricles and subarachnoid space via median and lateral apertures
- some flows through central canal of SC
- absorbed into dural venous sinuses via the arachnoid villi]]> 2023-10-03 00:39:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729422322 pathway gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729422704 2023-10-03 00:40:16 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729422704 blood supply to the brain gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729423770 2023-10-03 00:41:37 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729423770 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729424389 2023-10-03 00:42:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729424389 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729425016 2023-10-03 00:43:11 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729425016 blood supply to the brain gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729425510 2023-10-03 00:43:46 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729425510 blood brain barrier (BBB) gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729429680 2023-10-03 00:48:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729429680 astrocytes gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729430559 form end feet on the BBB
- endfeet allow astrocytes to release substances into the blood stream --> detoxifying the brain]]> 2023-10-03 00:49:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729430559 what can and cannot pass BBB gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729433207 BBB has least permeable capillaries of the body --> exclude many potentially harmful substances

in general: allows water, glucose, and amino acids to pass capillary walls]]> 2023-10-03 00:52:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2729433207 brain has large oxygen demand gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732862863 2023-10-04 23:26:08 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732862863 cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732863896 flow of blood through cerebral arterioles and capillaries]]> 2023-10-04 23:27:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732863896 cerebral blood flow (CBF) gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732864148 CBF depends on CPP, pressure that dives blood through cerebrum]]> 2023-10-04 23:27:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732864148 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732872633 arteries supplying posterior circulation enter skull through the foramen magnum]]> 2023-10-04 23:39:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732872633 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732874015 internal carotid arteries through paired carotid foramina at the base of the skull]]> 2023-10-04 23:40:41 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732874015 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732874663 internal carotid arties bring in abt 70% of circulatory input to brain, rest comes from vertebral artieries]]> 2023-10-04 23:41:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732874663 Circle of Willis (cow) gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732879396 continuous ring of arteries connecting the posterior and anterior circulation
> redundant just in case one fails to provide blood supply]]> 2023-10-04 23:47:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732879396 epidural space: space btwn skull and dura gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732883954 2023-10-04 23:53:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732883954 subdural space: space btwn arachnoid and inner layer of dura gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732884442 2023-10-04 23:54:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732884442 epidural vs subdural bleed gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732892522 2023-10-05 00:01:58 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732892522 subarachnoid space: btwn arachnoid and pia gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732893389 contains CSF, no blood]]> 2023-10-05 00:02:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732893389 subdural space: btwn dura and arachnoid gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732894330 no fluid]]> 2023-10-05 00:03:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732894330 epidural: btwn dura and skull gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732894735 no fluid]]> 2023-10-05 00:04:25 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732894735 parenchymal: brain tissue gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732895474 contains interstitial fluid (same as CSF), not blood]]> 2023-10-05 00:05:16 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732895474 BBB is btwn blood and parenchyma gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732925181 - BBB forms the interstitial fluid that bathes the brain parenchyma
- blood filtered through the choroid plexus becomes CSF

interstitial fluid and CSF are the same fluid --> barrier is called BBB]]> 2023-10-05 00:30:21 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732925181 brain endothelial cells line capillaries --> form BBB gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732927444 2023-10-05 00:31:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732927444 diseases gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732928722 meningitis: infection of meninges
encephalitis: infection of brain parenchyma]]> 2023-10-05 00:32:50 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732928722 meninges of SC gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732936187 2023-10-05 00:38:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2732936187 dura = hard! gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734027122 leathery]]> 2023-10-05 14:15:16 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734027122 CSF key purpose: buoyancy for the brain! gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734038066 allow the brain to float in the CSF]]> 2023-10-05 14:21:11 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734038066 closed loop flow gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734044105 CSF is formed in the choroid plexus > flows through ventricles > flows around SC canals > then around brain through the subarachnoid space]]> 2023-10-05 14:24:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734044105 strokes are cardiovascular, not neuroscience gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734050604 bc oxygen is a blood issue]]> 2023-10-05 14:28:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734050604 circle of willis: includes highlighted arteries gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734054195 2023-10-05 14:30:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734054195 BBB is mostly capillaries gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734059897 2023-10-05 14:33:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734059897 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734069195 - fat can pass bc the brain is mostly fat
- gas gets through BBB--> so most anesthetics are gas 
- all drugs of abuse get through BBB]]> 2023-10-05 14:38:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/1sfh1wxkyngkri77/wish/2734069195